As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

AIM:To test and compare the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with emmetropia and adolescents with low myopia, investigating the characteristics of the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with low myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 132 adolescents(264 eyes)who visited in the ophthalmology clinic of our hospital from April to December 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Participants were categorized into normal control group(n=45, 90 eyes), simple low myopia group(n=45, 90 eyes)and low myopia with anisometropia group(n=42, 84 eyes)according to their refractive status and were underwent assessments for perceptual eye position and fixation stability.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the static and dynamic horizontal perceptual eye position deviation of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with the simple low myopia group, the static and dynamic horizontal perceptual eye position deviation of the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly increased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in static and dynamic vertical perceptual eye position deviation among the three groups(P>0.05); compared with the normal control group, the horizontal and vertical fixation stability of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly worse(all P<0.01), but there was no differences in the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group(P >0.05).CONCLUSION: Abnormalities are observed in perceptual eye position and fixation stability function in adolescents with low myopia compared with those adolescents with emmetropia, even at best corrected visual acuity. The occurrence of anisometropia could lead to an increased degree of horizontal perceptual eye position displacement.

Objective To investigate the impact of acacetin(Aca)on angiogenesis in diabetes retinopathy(DR)rats by regulating Hippo signaling pathway.Methods Sixty SD rats were grouped into the control group,the DR group,the Aca low dose group(10 mg/kg),the Aca medium dose group(20 mg/kg),the Aca high dose group(30 mg/kg)and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway inhibitor Verteporfin group(Aca high dose 30 mg/kg+Verteporfin 0.8 pmol/kg),with 10 rats in each group.Except the control group,streptozotocin and high-fat feed were used to construct the DR model.Body weight and fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels of rats were measured.Fluorescein angiography(FFA)was applied to observe retinal angiogenesis and fluorescein leakage.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2).Pathological changes of retinal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot assay was applied to detect expression levels of VEGF,hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha(HIF-1α),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)and Hippo signaling pathway proteins.Results Compared with the control group,retinal cells of rats in the DR group were arranged in a disordered and loose manner,with neovascularization and a large amount of fluorescein leakage,and body weight,the expression of large tumor suppressor homolog 2(LATS2),p-Yes-associated protein(YAP)were reduced.FBG and expression levels of VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1α,VCAM-1,YAP,transcription activator with PDZ binding motif(TAZ),TEA domain family member 1(TEAD1)were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the DR group,retina cells of rats in the Aca low,medium and high-dose groups and the Verteporfin group were arranged neatly,with reduced neovascularization and fluorescence leakage,body weight and the expression levels of LATS2 and p-YAP were increased,and FBG,expression levels of VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1α,VCAM-1,YAP,TAZ and TEAD1 were reduced(P＜0.05).The effect was more obvious in the Aca high dose group.However,there was no significant difference in each indicator between the Verteporfin group and the Aca high dose group.Conclusion Aca can inhibit angiogenesis and improve retinal pathological damage in DR rats,and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating the Hippo signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of simplified postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity(G-ROP)screening criteria in detecting severe retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)and compare it with the current screening cri-teria and the recommended screening criteria in this study.Methods A total of 1 286 premature infants screened for ROP at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected.All patients under-went routine fundus examination using the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope or wide-angle digital pediatric retinal imaging system(Retcam)after pupil dilation.Detailed clinical data,such as birth weight(BW),gestational age(GA),gender,and fundus examination results,were collected.Fundus lesions were diagnosed and treated according to the Chinese Guidelines for Screening Retinopathy of Prematurity(2014)(the screening criteria were BW＜2 000 g or GA＜32 weeks).The simplified G-ROP screening criteria were defined as BW＜1 051 g or GA＜28 weeks.The recommended screening criteria were defined as BW≤1 500 g or GA≤30 weeks.The performance of screening criteria for detecting severe ROP was analyzed using the receiv-er operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results A total of 302 infants(23.5％,302/1 286)met the simplified G-ROP screening criteria,of which 159(52.6％,159/302)had severe ROP.A total of 134 infants(45.7％,134/293)with severe ROP were misdiagnosed.The ROC analysis results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the simplified G-ROP screening cri-teria for detecting severe ROP were 37.54％and 88.52％,respectively,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.630.The sensitivity and specificity for detecting severe ROP according to the Chinese Guidelines for Screening Retinopathy of Prematu-rity(2014)were 98.9％and 18.4％,respectively,with an AUC of 0.587.The sensitivity and specificity for detecting severe ROP according to the recommended screening criteria were 91.8％and 47.0％,respectively,with an AUC of 0.694.The rec-ommended screening criteria had reduced the number of screened infants by 380(29.5％,380/1 286)compared to the Chi-nese Guidelines for Screening Retinopathy of Prematurity(2014),and only 7(2.4％,7/293)with severe ROP were misdiag-nosed.Conclusion The simplified G-ROP screening criteria have poor accuracy in detecting severe ROP.Adjusting the cri-teria to BW≤1 500 g or GA ≤30 weeks is more suitable for the screening strategy of ROP in China.

Objective To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ErbB3) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in enhancing the resistance of Herceptin in human breast cancer.Methods HRG (Heregulin,the ligand of ErbB3) or IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor2,the ligand of IGF1R) was correspondingly added into breast cancer cells SKBR3 and BT474,and then 3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and were performed in these cells to evaluate the sensitivity of these cells to Herceptin.Furthermore,we used HRG or IGF2 antibodies to inhibit their joint receptors in Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells SKBR3/POOL2 and BT474/HR20.Finally,the sensitivity of these treated cells to Herceptin was detected via MTS assay.HRG or IGF2 was added into breast cancer cell BT474,and co-IP assay was used to detect the expressions of ErbB3 and IGF1R which combined with ErbB2.Results The treatment groups used HRG or IGF2 enhanced the resistance of Herceptin in Herceptin-sensitive breast cancer cells.On the other hand,we used antibodies of HRG and IGF2 to block their combining with their receptors in Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells,the cells became more sensitive to Herceptin.BT474 cell was treated with HRG or IGF2.The expressions of ErbB3 and IGF1R which combined with ErbB2 were increased.Conclusions The formation of heterodimers ErbB2/ErbB3 and ErbB2/IGF1R might enhance the resistance of Herceptin in ErbB2-overexpression human breast cancers.

Objective To observe the concentration of the inflammatory cytokines in vitreous of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR).Methods A total of 80 PDR patients (80 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients were randomly divided into vitrectomy group (group A) and IVR combined with vitrectomy group (group B),40 eyes in each group.The differences of sex(x2=0.05),age (t=0.59),duration of diabetes (t=0.36),HbA1c (t=0.13) and intraocular pressure (F=0.81) between two groups were not significant (P＞0.05).The eyes in group B received 0.5 mg (0.05 ml) ranibizumab injection at 7 days before operation.The vitreous samples (0.4 ml)were obtained before operation.The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results The concentration of VEGF and ICAM-1 were (10.70±3.60),(224.64±90.32) pg/L in group B and (72.38±23.59),(665.61±203.34)pg/L in group A.The differences of VEGF and ICAM-1 concentration between two groups was significant (t=16.34,12.53 ; P＜ 0.001).The concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 were (210.64 ± 80.27),(156.00±57.74) pg/L in group B and (45.78±33.82),(41.07±13.82) pg/L in group A.The differences of IL-6 and IL-8 concentration between two groups was significant (t=11.97,12.24; P＜0.001).There was no difference of CTGF concentration between two groups (t=1.39,P=0.17).The CTGF/VEGF in group B was higher than that in group A (t=14.75,P＜0.001).Conclusions One week after IVR,the concentration of VEGF and ICAM-1 are decreased,while IL-6 and IL-8 increased.There is no obvious change in CTGF,but CTGF/VEGF is increased.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of successful liver transplantation from infant donation after cardiac death (DCD) for infant with biliary astresia (BA).Methods The donor was a 16-months-old girl with a body weight of 10 kg,who died of irreversible anoxic cerebral damage after sudden asphyxiation.The recipient was a 24-months-old girl with a body weight of 12 kg,who suffered from icteric concurrent late biliary cirrhosis after the Porta-jejunum anastomosis because of congenital BA.The DCD liver was classically orthotopically transplanted into the infants recipient.The warm ischemia time was 7 min,the cold ischemia time was 360 min,and the graft volume to the standard liver volume (GV/SLV) was 1.02.After operation,the vital signs and transplanted liver function of the recipient were monitored,and the recipient was given treatments of anti-infection,anticoagulation,and improving the microcirculation.The recipient was treated with the triple immunosuppression protocol of tacrolimus,mycophenolate and prednisone to prevent rejection.Results The operating time of the recipient was 480 min,the non-liver stage was 65 min,and the blood loss was 230 mL.The endotracheal intubation was removed from the recipient at 12 h,and the recipient started to eat at 48 h aftcr operation.The recipient had a hepatic artery thrombus on the 3rd and 15th day after operation,and the hepatic artery had re-blood-supply after the hepatic artery catheterization and continuous perfusion with urokinase.The recipient was discharged on the 42nd day,and the recipient was in satisfactory condition to present.Conclusion The infant DCD liver is a better graft for infant liver transplantation for BA.The surgical complications can be reduced with matched volume of donor-recipient liver; and it can guarantee a successful operation with perfect operative technique and careful perioperative management.