Aim To investigate the impact of G pro-tein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER1),also known as GPR30 playing a significant role in the nerv-ous system,on neuronal damage and cognitive dysfunc-tion following epileptic seizures.Methods The pro-tein expression levels of GPER1 and the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in epileptic rats were assessed using Western blot.The hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy models were evaluated using Nissl and TUNEL staining techniques,compared with GPER1 knockdown(GPER1-KD)rats with wild-type(WT)controls.The behavioral activi-ties,including memory and spatial learning,were mo-nitored during the chronic phase of epilepsy using the IntelliCage system.Results Compared to the control group,GPER1 protein expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus significantly increased 24 hours post-epilepsy onset.In the GPER1-KD+EP group,hipp-ocampal neuronal damage was more severe,with a sig-nificant increase in apoptotic neurons compared to the WT+EP group.The IntelliCage data revealed that during free exploration,nose contact,position learn-ing,and reverse position learning stages in the GPER1-KD+EP group exhibited fewer visits and a higher error rate than in the WT+EP group.Conclu-sions Deficiency in GPER1 impairs memory and spa-tial learning abilities following epilepsy,potentially due to exacerbated neuronal injury,apoptosis,and inflam-mation.GPER1 represents a promising therapeutic tar-get for mitigating post-epileptic nerve damage and cog-nitive impairment.

This study was aimed at investigating the infection status of orf virus(ORFV)and the genetic evolution characteristics of epidemic ORFV isolates from Anhui province.A total of 303 clinical samples collected from major meat sheep breeding cities in An-hui during 2021-2023 were subjected to ORFV detection with fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).The full-length B2L and F1L genes of ORFV in the positive samples were amplified through conventional PCR and sequenced.Genetic evolution analysis of the B2L and F1L genes was conducted after sequencing.The qPCR results indicated a total ORFV positivity rate in the clinical samples of 48.8%(148/303).Multiple sequence comparisons indicated that the B2L genes of 56 sample isolates shared 96.7%-100.0%DNA and 97.4%-100.0%amino acid sequence identity.Moreover,the F2L genes of 56 sample isolates shared 95.1%-100.0%DNA and 95.0%-100.0%amino acid sequence identity.The genetic evolution tree constructed with the B2L gene DNA sequences indicated sample iso-lates and 21 reference strains located in subgroup 1,and 26 sheep-derived sample isolates and 17 reference strains located in sub-group 2.Among them,the goat-derived sample isolate FY-TYA was located in the same sub-branch as the human-derived reference strain Gansu,whereas the goat-derived sample isolate FY-XQC was located in the same sub-branch as the reference strains China Vaccine and OV-HLJ-04.The genetic evolution tree constructed with the F1L gene DNA sequences showed,the goat sample isolates FY-XQA and FY-XQC were located in the same sub-branch as the sheep-derived reference strain Xinjiang.ORFV infection was rela-tively widespread in the major meat sheep breeding areas of Anhui province,and the DNA and amino acid sequences of the B2L and F1L genes of current circulating ORFV isolates showed different degrees of genetic variation,among which F1L gene had a high de-gree of variation.Furthermore,some goat-derived sample isolates were closely related to human,vaccine,and sheep-derived refer-ence strains.These results may serve as a reference for the prevention and control of ORFV infection in Anhui province.

This paper conducts a pooled analysis of information related to orphan drugs approved for marketing in 2024 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of Japan. It systematically sorts out the scope of indications, therapeutic area distribution, and special review and approval pathways of these drugs, as well as their research and development progress and marketing status in China, thus providing a reference for researchers, regulatory authorities, and industry stakeholders in the field of rare disease drugs.

Objective To deeply understand the anatomical basis of temporomandibular joint disorders,and explore and master the pathological characteristics of anterior displacement of temporomandibular joint disc through cadaveric dissection and 3D printing technology.Methods By dissecting the temporomandibular joints of 40 head and neck specimens,the bilateral structures of the temporomandibular joints were measured to obtain condyle and articular disc data.3D modeling was carried out using 3ds Max software and printed out a model of temporomandibular joint.The pathological model of the anterior disc displacement with reduction(ADDwR)was simulated by adjusting the opening degree,the position of the articular disk,and the position of the condyle of the model.Results The precise data of the right and left temporomandibular joint discs and condyle were successfully obtained by dissection and measurement.The thickness of the anterior band of left temporomandibular joint discs was(2.02±0.57)mm,the thickness of the middle band was(1.46±0.33)mm,the thickness of the posterior band was(3.00±0.46)mm,the anterior-posterior diameter was(9.60±0.72)mm,and the internal-external diameter was(17.73±0.84)mm.While the thickness of the anterior band of right temporomandibular joint discs was(1.84±0.35)mm,and the thickness of the middle band was(1.43±0.28)mm,the thickness of posterior band was(3.08±0.49)mm,the anterior-posterior diameter was(9.30±0.88)mm,and the internal-external diameter was(17.38±1.10)mm.The internal-external diameter of the left temporomandibular joint condyle was(18.97±0.41)mm,and the anterior-posterior diameter was(8.56±0.43)mm;the internal-external diameter of the right temporomandibular joint condyle was(18.86±0.75)mm,and the anterior-posterior diameter was(8.40±0.30)mm.The standard temporomandibular joint model was printed out by the measured data.The model was utilized to simulate the physiological state of temporomandibular joint under normal conditions,as well as the three pathological states of closed mouth,closed mouth to open mouth,and open mouth in the case of ADDwR.Conclusion The temporomandibular joint model can more intuitively present the changes of anatomical structure in reversible temporoman-dibular joint disorders,which is helpful for understanding and mastering the different classification of this disease.

Prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) is one of the important methods for post-marketing pharmacovigilance based on the real-world medical prescription databases. It can be used to detect prescription cascades and mine adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals, which has been verified by many studies. PSSA shows high specificity and medium sensitivity in identifying ADR. It can quantify the correlation or risks of ADR. It is easy to use and simple in algorithm, and it has good robustness to some non time-dependent confounding factors. However, the results may be affected by some human confounding factors and data quality. This paper reviews the principle, calculation method, application scope, and precaution of PSSA by reviewing related literature on PSSA domestically and abroad, in order to provide reference for pharmacovigilance in China.

Objective:To understand the application situation and role of prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) in pharmacovigilance.Methods:The relevant databases at home and abroad were searched (up to April 30, 2024), and the original articles using PSSA as the research method were collected. The basic information of the literature (first author, publication year, country, etc.), the purpose and main content of the study, the index drugs as well as the marker drugs or medical diagnoses involved in the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were extracted. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.Results:A total of 66 articles were included in the analysis. The first article was published in 1996, the number of articles published in recent years has increased significantly, and those published after 2016 accounted for 68.2% (45/66). The top 3 countries in terms of published literature quantity were the United States, Denmark, and Japan. The index drugs most commonly studied were those for the cardiovascular system and the neuropsychiatric system, in 18 and 14 articles respectively. The drugs studied in 3 or more papers were hypolipidemic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, proton pump inhibitors, hypoglycemic drugs and anticoagulants. The targeted ADRs/diseases most studied were those about the neuropsychiatric system (in 13 studies), followed by those about the endocrine and metabolic system (in 12 studies). The research objective in 47 articles was to explore the association between index drugs and ADRs/diseases through PSSA. Finally, the associations between 21 ADRs and index drugs were identified in 24 articles, of which 9 were new ADRs not recorded in drug instructions; benefits or potential preventive and therapeutic effects of index drugs on certain diseases were found in 7 studies. Ten studies were conducted to explore ADR information of specific drugs or detect suspicious drugs that cause specific ADRs, and some correlation signals between drugs and ADRs that previously unknown were detected. Nine studies evaluated the prescribing cascades, including the use of antitussive drugs after ACEI, the prescribing cascades related to drug-induced lower urinary tract symptoms and edema, the prescription cascades of statins, and the prescribing cascade relic.Conclusion:PSSA is a useful method for identifying potential prescribing cascades and mining ADR signals using medical prescription databases, especially suitable for the safety monitoring of long-term medication for chronic diseases and the signal detection of ADR that causal relationships are difficult to determine.

Deflazacort,as a glucocorticoid medication,is conductive to improving motor function and muscle strength,delaying the loss of ambulation,enhancing pulmonary function,reducing the risk of scoliosis,slowing the progression of cardiomyopathy,and increasing survival rates in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).In February 2017,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved deflazacort for the treatment of DMD.In May 2024,deflazacort entered Peking Union Medical College Hospital for desig-nated use through the ＂ temporary import＂ pathway.This article provides an overview of deflazacort from the perspectives of its mechanism of action,pharmacokinetics,clinical efficacy,and adverse effects,aiming to offer a reference for its rational and safe application in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for brain abscess.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 53 patients with brain abscess admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2024.Among them,29 cases underwent craniotomy for abscess resection(craniotomy group),while 24 cases received neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage(robot-assisted group).The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,decompressive craniectomy rate,proportion of postoperative antibiotic regimen adjustment,postoperative hospital stay,incidence of postoperative complications,mortality rate and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)scores 6 months after surgery of patients were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the craniotomy group,the robot-assisted group demonstrated significantly shorter operation time,less intraoperative blood loss,and lower incidence of postoperative complication,the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in terms of decompressive craniectomy rate,postoperative hospital stay,mortality rate,GOS score,or proportion of the postoperative antibiotic regimen adjustment between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion As a precise and minimally invasive surgical method,neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for patients with brain abscess can effectively improve the operational efficiency,shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative injury,and lower the risk of postoperative complications.It has high clinical application value and potential for widespread adoption.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for brain abscess.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 53 patients with brain abscess admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2024.Among them,29 cases underwent craniotomy for abscess resection(craniotomy group),while 24 cases received neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage(robot-assisted group).The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,decompressive craniectomy rate,proportion of postoperative antibiotic regimen adjustment,postoperative hospital stay,incidence of postoperative complications,mortality rate and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)scores 6 months after surgery of patients were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the craniotomy group,the robot-assisted group demonstrated significantly shorter operation time,less intraoperative blood loss,and lower incidence of postoperative complication,the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in terms of decompressive craniectomy rate,postoperative hospital stay,mortality rate,GOS score,or proportion of the postoperative antibiotic regimen adjustment between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion As a precise and minimally invasive surgical method,neurosurgical robot-assisted stereotactic puncture and drainage for patients with brain abscess can effectively improve the operational efficiency,shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative injury,and lower the risk of postoperative complications.It has high clinical application value and potential for widespread adoption.

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior among adolescents has become a global public health concern. Anxiety and depression are considered key factors influencing NSSI behavior， while social support may play a protective role in alleviating emotional and behavioral issues. However， existing research has primarily focused on the direct impact of individual factors on NSSI behavior， with insufficient exploration of the combined effects of anxiety， depression and social support. ObjectiveTo investigate the direct effect of anxiety on NSSI， the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of social support in relationship between anxiety and NSSI behavior， thus to provide references for the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior among adolescents. MethodsIn February 2022， a total of 40 820 students in grades 7 to 12 across 10 middle schools in a district of Chengdu were selected as participants， and they were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7）， Patient's Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， Social Support Scale for Urban Students （SSSUS） and Adolescent Self-Harm Scale （ASHS）. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between scale scores among adolescents with NSSI behaviors. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed using Process 3.5 in SPSS， and the significance was tested with bootstrapping. The interaction was visualized by using simple slope analysis. ResultsAmong 34 534 （84.60%） valid respondents， 542 adolescents （1.57%） reported engaging in NSSI behavior. Significant differences in gender， GAD-7 scores， PHQ-9 scores， and SSSUS scores were observed between NSSI behavior group and non-NSSI group （χ²/t=62.889， 71.120， 94.365， -41.464， P<0.01）.Adolesents with NSSI showed positive correlations between GAD-7 scores and both ASHS and PHQ-9 scores （r=0.158， 0.166， P<0.01）. PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated with ASHS scores （r=0.364， P<0.01）， but negatively correlated with SSSUS scores （r=-0.290， P<0.01）. SSSUS scores were negatively correlated with ASHS scores （r=-0.247， P<0.01）. Depression partially mediated the relationship between anxiety and NSSI behavior， with an effect size of 0.544 （95% CI： 0.162~0.944）， accounting for 35.79% of the total effect. Social support moderated the relationship between depression and NSSI bahavior， with an effect value of -0.082 （95% CI： -0.135~-0.029）. ConclusionAnxiety not only directly influences NSSI bahavior among adolescents， also indirectly exacerbates it through depression， while social support mitigates the impact of depression on NSSI behavior. ［Funded by Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （number， 82401812）； Project of Health Commission of Sichuan Province （number， 24LCYJPT18）］