Background: Very little research has been done on childhood epilepsy in Bangladesh. Greater knowledge on risk factors of epilepsy in the early years of life could help to improve understanding of epilepsy, can tell us about its prognosis and allow early intervention. Objective: This study was designed to explore the determinants of epilepsy in infancy, in Bangladesh. Method: A case- control study involving 63 patients with epilepsy was performed in two specialized hospitals in Bangladesh. Children with epilepsy were the study population. Result: Birth asphyxia, neonatal seizure and history of consanguinity were signifi cantly associated with epilepsy in infancy (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.37 – 6.57, OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.67-4.65 and OR 10.85, CI 2.11-41.08 respectively). Complication during antenatal period of pregnancy was found to be higher in children who develop epilepsy in infancy but it was not signifi cant (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.08 – 4.89). Coexisting impairments were highly signifi cant in children having seizure onset in infancy (OR 5.9; p=.000); these were -developmental delay, speech and language delay, mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Conclusion: Birth asphyxia, neonatal seizure and parental consanguinity, were signifi cantly associated with epilepsy in infancy in Bangladesh. Antenatal complications were higher in infancy though not signifi cant. Epilepsy starting at this age was signifi cantly associated with neurodevelopmental impairments.