ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Chuanxiong （Rhizoma Chuanxiong） & Tianma （Rhizoma Gastrodiae） herbal pair in treating migraines based on AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/transient receptor potential A1 channel （TRPA1） pathway. MethodsForty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， and Chuanxiong Tianma medication group， with 16 rats in each group. The control group and model group were given 10 ml/kg of normal saline by gavage， while the Chuanxiong Tianma medication group was given 0.675 g/kg of Chuanxiong Tianma herbal pair by gavage， once daily for 8 consecutive days in both groups. Migraime model was performed before the last administration， with subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of normal saline in the control group， and subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of nitroglycerin in the model group and Chuanxiong Tianma medication group. The Von Frey filament was used to measure the periorbital mechanical pain threshold of rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） in rat serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The nitric oxide （NO） assay kit was used to determine the NO level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. RT-PCR was usedto detect the mRNA expression levels of immediate-early genes in the trigeminal ganglion of rats （c-Fos）， CGRP， transient receptor potential V1 channel （TRPV1）， AMPK alpha subunit （PRKAA）， and TRPA1. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the trigeminal cervical complex （TCC） and the protein expression levels of phosphorylated AMPK （pAMPK） and TRPA1 in the trigeminal ganglion. ResultsCompared to those in the control group， the mechanical stimulation threshold and pAMPK protein expression in the model group decreased， while the levels of CGRP and NO in serum， c-Fos， CGRP， TRPV1 and TRPA1 mRNA levels in the trigeminal ganglion， TRPA1 protein expression， and the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the TCC significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared to those in the model group， the mechanical stimulation threshold and pAMPK protein expression in the Chuanxiong Tianma medication group significantly increased， while the levels of CGRP and NO in serum， c-Fos， CGRP， TRPV1 and TRPA1 mRNA levels in the trigeminal ganglion， TRPA1 protein expression， and the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the TCC significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. ConclusionChuanxiong Tianma herbal pair may improve migraine symptoms by regulating the AMPK/TRPA1 pathway in the trigeminal ganglion and increasing the mechanical pain threshold.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a respiratory support strategy,which delivers humidified and heated oxygen at a set oxygen concentration and speed to correct respiratory failure.The failure of HFNC ventilation involves many factors,and the failure of treatment may increase the mortality.At present,respiratory rate-oxygenation index and its related predictors or models are widely used as predictors of failure in HFNC treatment,which can help identify patients at risk of tracheal intubation,but there is no uniform critical value.When using HFNC,clinicians need dynamic evaluation,and make decisions with the help of predictive factors and the actual situation of patients to improve the prognosis.

Iron is an essential trace element for brain development and cognitive function maintenance. Iron homeostasis disruption in the body, whether due to iron overload or deficiency, may lead to a series of adverse consequences to the brain. Vascular cognitive impairment is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment such as mental decline and weak thinking, which seriously endangers people's health. At present, the relationship between iron metabolism and vascular cognitive impairment is receiving more and more attention. This paper summarizes the progress of iron metabolism and its role in vascular cognitive impairment, in order to provide new ideas and methods for prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.

Postnatal heart maturation is the basis of normal cardiac function and provides critical insights into heart repair and regenerative medicine. While static snapshots of the maturing heart have provided much insight into its molecular signatures, few key events during postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation have been uncovered. Here, we report that cardiomyocytes (CMs) experience epigenetic and transcriptional decline of cardiac gene expression immediately after birth, leading to a transition state of CMs at postnatal day 7 (P7) that was essential for CM subtype specification during heart maturation. Large-scale single-cell analysis and genetic lineage tracing confirm the presence of transition state CMs at P7 bridging immature state and mature states. Silencing of key transcription factor JUN in P1-hearts significantly repressed CM transition, resulting in perturbed CM subtype proportions and reduced cardiac function in mature hearts. In addition, transplantation of P7-CMs into infarcted hearts exhibited cardiac repair potential superior to P1-CMs. Collectively, our data uncover CM state transition as a key event in postnatal heart maturation, which not only provides insights into molecular foundations of heart maturation, but also opens an avenue for manipulation of cardiomyocyte fate in disease and regenerative medicine.
Gene Expression Regulation ; Heart ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism* ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the distribution and epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children before and after COVID-19 epidemic in Lanzhou.Methods:Two hundred and eighty-six children hospitalized with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Central Hospital of Gansu Province and Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from October to November of 2020 and October to November of 2021 were selected respectively as the research objects, and a retrospective analysis was made.IgM antibodies of nine pathogens, including influenza virus A(IVA), influenza virus B(IVB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), adenovirus(ADV), mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), chlamydia pneumoniae(CP), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), echovirus(ECHO)and coxsackie virus B(CVB), were detected, and the basic information and epidemic characteristics were statistically analyzed.Results:The total positive rates of IgM antibodies of nine pathogens before and after the epidemic in COVID-19 were 31.8%(91/286)and 5.9%(17/286)respectively, after the epidemic, the detection rates dropped significantly, and there was significant difference among them( χ2= 62.505, P<0.05); After the epidemic, the detection rates of ADV, MP and CVB were all lower than those before the epidemic, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 39.281, 12.167, 10.155, all P<0.05). The positive detection rates in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years before the outbreak were 37.4%(37/99), 38.3%(36/94), 16.7%(12/72)and 28.6%(6/21)respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2=34.055, P<0.05); Among them, the detection rates of MP in the age group 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years were 16.2%(6/37), 25.0%(9/36), 16.7%(2/12)and 100%(6/6)respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2=10.289, P<0.05); CVB was not detected in>6 years group, the positive detection rates of CVB were 16.2%(6/37), 22.2%(8/36)and 25.0%(3/12)in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 27.742, P< 0.05). After the epidemic, the positive detection rates of the patients in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years were 5.9%(4/68), 4.0%(3/75), 5.7%(6/106)and 10.8%(4/37), with no statistical significance( χ2=2.235, P>0.05); Among them, the positive rates of IVB were 25.0%(1/4), 33.3%(1/3)and 66.7%(4/6)in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years respectively, and in the age group>6 years was not detected, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 96.022, P< 0.05). The detection rates of mixed infection of pathogens before and after the epidemic were 5.6%(16/286)and 0.3%(1/286)respectively, with no statistical significance( χ2= 2.314, P>0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of common pathogens of acute upper respiratory tract infection among children in Lanzhou was different before and after COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective:To establish and apply the electronic further modified early warning score system (e-fMEWS), and explore its role in the condition evaluation and early warning of inpatients in non-critical units, so as to provide clinical nurses with an early and dynamic method to identify the potential deterioration risk of patients' condition.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 262 805 inpatients in multiple non-critical units of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January to December 2018 and January to December 2020 was performed. The patients who were hospitalized from January to December 2018 were used as the control group, and the responsible nurse used the traditional single evaluation index to start the emergency response system; the patients from January to December 2020 were used as the research group, and the emergency response system was started using e-fMEWS. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) hospitalization time ≥24 h; (2) patient ≥14 years old. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients had cardiopulmonary resuscitation before admission; (2) patients discontinued treatment or were transferred to another hospital during treatment; (3) patients received palliative care; (4) patients were admitted to non-critical wards in grade I of emergency pre-examination and triage. The activation of the rapid response team (RRT), the activation of the cardiorespiratory arrest team, the incidence of cardiac and respiratory arrest, the number of cases of invasive mechanical ventilation, the number of cases admitted to the intensive care unit, the length of hospital stay and the prognosis were compared. Statistical software SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis.Results:Under the e-fMEWS assessment, compared with the control group, the rate of initiation of the research group decreased by 0.03%. For patients who initiated RRT, the average length of hospital stay was shortened, and the number of in-hospital respiratory cardiac arrest decreased (12.2% vs. 13.2%) and the number of cases transferred to the intensive care unit was less (42.8% vs. 50.6%), the rate of improvement and recovary increased (58.4% vs. 56.1%).Conclusions:The application of e-fMEWS can help clinical nurses to quickly and accurately identify the potential risk of deterioration of the patient's condition. Through early identification of potentially critically ill patients in non-critical units, early intervention and timely treatment can avoid adverse events and improve the patient prognosis.

Objective:To explore the effect of plan-do-check-action (PDCA) cycle combined with detail nursing on improving safety management in outpatient Operating Room.Methods:Using the lottery method, a total of 120 patients who underwent surgery in outpatient Operating Room of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the control group, and 124 patients from February 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the experimental group. The control group adopted the conventional Operating Room nursing mode, while the experimental group adopted Operating Room safety management mode combining PDCA cycle with detail nursing. Nursing quality score, incidence of adverse events and incidence of nursing errors were compared between the two groups.Results:The scores and total scores of all aspects of Operating Room nursing quality in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The total incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 0.81% (1/124) , which was lower than 5.83% (7/120) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=4.860, P<0.05) . The total incidence of nursing errors in the experimental group was 3.23% (4/124) , which was lower than 10.00% (12/120) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=4.567, P<0.05) . Conclusions:PDCA cycle combined with detailed nursing can effectively improve the safety management of outpatient Operating Room and reduce adverse nursing events.

Objective:To investigate the use of contraceptives among postpartum women in the urban areas of Shanghai and to understand women's demands and utilization of contraceptive service.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using questionnaires in postpartum women in the clinics for 42-day postpartum follow-up and child health care in 4 districts in Shanghai (including Changning District, Jingan District, Putuo District and Yangpu District) from August 2019 to December 2019. Data were analyzed using frequency description and logistic regression.Results:In total, 1170 postpartum women were enrolled. Among them, 420 women resumed sexual intercourse at an average length of (3.6±1.5) months postpartum and the proportions of consistent contraceptive use were 69.4%(43/62), 77.2% (186/241), 79.2% (57/72) and 71.1% (32/45), at periods of 1 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 9 months and 10 to 12 months after delivery respectively. Planned pregnancy, willingness to reproduce, and postpartum contraceptive guidance were associated with contraceptive behavior. Condom was the main approach used by postpartum women, while long-acting reversible contraceptive method was seldom used. The proportion of receiving guidance on contraception during postpartum home visits and 42-day postpartum follow-up were 43.3% (395/913) and 34.6% (369/1067) respectively. Totally, 37.6% (420/1117) of the total considered that the best time for contraceptive health education was at the 42-day postpartum follow-up, while 30.5% (341/1117) of them preferred health education during pregnancy.Conclusion:About one-quarter of postpartum women do not adhere to contraception in the urban areas of Shanghai. The proportion of using long-acting reversible contraceptive methods, such as intrauterine devices and subcutaneous, remains low. It is necessary to strengthen postpartum contraceptive services, to provide professional training, and strengthen guidance on the proper selection and use of contraceptive methods, especially for long-acting contraceptive methods. Meanwhile, the guidance for contraception should be advanced during pregnancy.

Objective:To investigate the use of contraceptives among postpartum women in the urban areas of Shanghai and to understand women's demands and utilization of contraceptive service.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted using questionnaires in postpartum women in the clinics for 42-day postpartum follow-up and child health care in 4 districts in Shanghai (including Changning District, Jingan District, Putuo District and Yangpu District) from August 2019 to December 2019. Data were analyzed using frequency description and logistic regression.Results:In total, 1170 postpartum women were enrolled. Among them, 420 women resumed sexual intercourse at an average length of (3.6±1.5) months postpartum and the proportions of consistent contraceptive use were 69.4%(43/62), 77.2% (186/241), 79.2% (57/72) and 71.1% (32/45), at periods of 1 to 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 7 to 9 months and 10 to 12 months after delivery respectively. Planned pregnancy, willingness to reproduce, and postpartum contraceptive guidance were associated with contraceptive behavior. Condom was the main approach used by postpartum women, while long-acting reversible contraceptive method was seldom used. The proportion of receiving guidance on contraception during postpartum home visits and 42-day postpartum follow-up were 43.3% (395/913) and 34.6% (369/1067) respectively. Totally, 37.6% (420/1117) of the total considered that the best time for contraceptive health education was at the 42-day postpartum follow-up, while 30.5% (341/1117) of them preferred health education during pregnancy.Conclusion:About one-quarter of postpartum women do not adhere to contraception in the urban areas of Shanghai. The proportion of using long-acting reversible contraceptive methods, such as intrauterine devices and subcutaneous, remains low. It is necessary to strengthen postpartum contraceptive services, to provide professional training, and strengthen guidance on the proper selection and use of contraceptive methods, especially for long-acting contraceptive methods. Meanwhile, the guidance for contraception should be advanced during pregnancy.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) combined with plasmapheresis (PE) or not for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy.Methods:Fourteen patients with SLE during pregnancy were analyzed. Totally 7 patients in the non-PE group were given prednisone and HCQ only while 7 patients in PE group were given prednisone and HCQ combined with PE. The fetus outcomes and clinical data, such as erythrocyte sedimentation tate (ESR), urine protein level, blood cell count and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score before and after treatment at 3, 6, 12 months were used to evaluate the efficacy between the two groups. The comparison between groups was performed by repeated measures analysis of varianc (ANOVA).Results:Totally 11 patients delivered successfully in both groups while three of the 7 patients in the non-PE group had stillbirth. The 11 fetuses developed well and were born with an Apgar score of 8 or more at birth in both groups. There was a significant difference in ESR and platelet counts between the two groups ( F=7.838, P<0.05 ; F=32.269 , P<0.05). The ESR of the PE group was lower than that in the non-PE group at 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery, while the platelet count was higher than that in the non-PE group. Although there was no significant difference in the SLEDAI scores between the two groups ( F=2.816, P=0.119), the average of SLEDAI scores in the PE group was lower than that in the non-PE group at 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery. In addition, the urine protein of 7 patients in the PE group turned negative at 6, 12 months after delivery. In the non-PE group, urinary protein-positive patients were present in 3, 6, 12 months after delivery. Conclusion:PE in combination with oral prednisone and HCQ is a more effective than oral prednisone and HCQ alone for patients with active SLE during pregnancy, which reduces pregnancy loss and promote the patient's outcome.