BACKGROUND:Studies have reported that alendronate intake significantly increases bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and compare the changes in metabolites before and after alendronate intervention in ovariectomized rats by chromatography-mass spectrometry,and to further explore the specific mechanism and target of alendronate in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS:A total of 36 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group,alendronate sodium group and sham operation group.The osteoporosis model was established by ovariectomy in the first two groups.Four weeks after modeling,the rats in the alendronate group were intragastrically given alendronate sodium,while those in the sham operation group and model group were given equal volume of normal saline.After 12 weeks of continuous gavage,the metabolites of the lumbar spine were analyzed by chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the common differential metabolites were obtained,which were analyzed by bioinformatics such as Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totally 17 different metabolites were obtained in the three groups.The enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that alendronate sodium could regulate unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism and other pathways to protect ovariectomized rats.These results indicate that alendronate sodium may exert its anti-osteoporosis effect by interfering with unsaturated fatty acid bioanabolism and linoleic acid metabolism,so as to achieve the purpose of preventing osteoporosis

Objective:To improve the method for the determination of related substances in vidarabine monophos-phate.Methods:The analysis was performed on an ChromCore AQC18 column(4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm)with mobile phase A of an aqueous solution containing 0.01 mol·L-1 tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and 0.1 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mobile phase B of methanol by gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃ and the UV detection wavelength was set at 258 nm.Results:Related substances were effectively separated from the principal component.Vidarabine mono-phosphate and its four impurities showed a good linear relationship in the self-concentration ranges(r＞0.999 9).The average recoveries and were 95.0％-99.2％with RSDs(n=9)of 1.0％-4.4％related substances in vidar-abine monophosphate and 91.8％-102.1％with RSDs of 0.5％-4.8％(n=9)for vidarabine monophosphate for injection,respectively.Conclusion:The improved method is simple,rapid and specific,and can be used for the determination of related substances in vidarabine monophosphate.

To summarize Professor AI Rudi's experience in the staged external treatment of eczema by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It is believed that dampness is the key pathological factor of eczema， and the treatment for dampness should be carried out throughout the whole process， with the leading idea of “three-stage treatment， dampness as the root， and treatment according to the symptoms”. The preparation and formulas of the external treatment can be applied according to the pathogenesis and lesion characteristics of each stage. In acute stage with wind-dampness and heat in the skin as the main mechanism， the treatment is to clear heat and astringe， resolve toxins and relieve itching， and the preparation is mostly solution and lotion， and the formula could be Yangzheng Xi Formula （痒症洗方）， Jingfang Kushen Decoction （荆防苦参汤）， Kuding Erhuang Decoction （苦丁二黄汤）， and Xianglian Jinhuang Powder （香连金黄散）. In subacute stage with phlegm-dampness and heat as the main mechanism， the treatment is to remove dampness and turbidity， clean up the residual heat； the preparation is mostly ointment， and the formula include Shehuang Ointment （蛇黄软膏）， Huanglian Ointment （黄连膏）， and Zihuan Diding Ointment （紫花地丁软膏）. In chronic stage with phlegm-dampness stagnation as the main mechanism， the treatment is to remove dampness and eliminate phlegm， remove blood stasis and stop itching， and the formula could be Zhiyang soft Ointment （止痒软膏）， Runji Ointment （润肌膏）， Yufu Ointment （愈肤膏）； jojoba oil and olive oil are often used as external moisturiser for daily care.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in children before and after COVID-19 epidemic in Lanzhou.Methods:Two hundred and eighty-six children hospitalized with acute upper respiratory tract infection in Central Hospital of Gansu Province and Gansu Maternal and Child Health Hospital from October to November of 2020 and October to November of 2021 were selected respectively as the research objects, and a retrospective analysis was made.IgM antibodies of nine pathogens, including influenza virus A(IVA), influenza virus B(IVB), parainfluenza virus(PIV), adenovirus(ADV), mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP), chlamydia pneumoniae(CP), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), echovirus(ECHO)and coxsackie virus B(CVB), were detected, and the basic information and epidemic characteristics were statistically analyzed.Results:The total positive rates of IgM antibodies of nine pathogens before and after the epidemic in COVID-19 were 31.8%(91/286)and 5.9%(17/286)respectively, after the epidemic, the detection rates dropped significantly, and there was significant difference among them( χ2= 62.505, P<0.05); After the epidemic, the detection rates of ADV, MP and CVB were all lower than those before the epidemic, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 39.281, 12.167, 10.155, all P<0.05). The positive detection rates in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years before the outbreak were 37.4%(37/99), 38.3%(36/94), 16.7%(12/72)and 28.6%(6/21)respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2=34.055, P<0.05); Among them, the detection rates of MP in the age group 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years were 16.2%(6/37), 25.0%(9/36), 16.7%(2/12)and 100%(6/6)respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2=10.289, P<0.05); CVB was not detected in>6 years group, the positive detection rates of CVB were 16.2%(6/37), 22.2%(8/36)and 25.0%(3/12)in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years respectively, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 27.742, P< 0.05). After the epidemic, the positive detection rates of the patients in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years and>6 years were 5.9%(4/68), 4.0%(3/75), 5.7%(6/106)and 10.8%(4/37), with no statistical significance( χ2=2.235, P>0.05); Among them, the positive rates of IVB were 25.0%(1/4), 33.3%(1/3)and 66.7%(4/6)in the age group of 1 month ~1 year, ~3 years, ~6 years respectively, and in the age group>6 years was not detected, and there were significant differences among these groups( χ2= 96.022, P< 0.05). The detection rates of mixed infection of pathogens before and after the epidemic were 5.6%(16/286)and 0.3%(1/286)respectively, with no statistical significance( χ2= 2.314, P>0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of common pathogens of acute upper respiratory tract infection among children in Lanzhou was different before and after COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective:To explore the initial motivation of nursing students to engage in voluntary service for the aged, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of strategies and measures of voluntary service for the aged.Methods:Totally 25 nursing students volunteers who regularly participated in the volunteer service for the aged in Changsha First Welfare Home were selected by objective sampling method for semi-structured in-depth interviews, and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi phenomenological 7-step analysis method.Results:Four themes of nursing students' initial motivation to participate in voluntary service for the aged were extracted: self-interest motivation, altruistic motivation, affinity motivation and achievement motivation. Among them, self-interest motivation included two sub-themes: enriching college life and life experience, improving one's own ability and gaining professional experience; altruistic motivation included two sub-themes: accompanying and helping the elderly and eliminating loneliness of the elderly; affinity motivation included two sub-themes: establishing emotional sustenance and making up for the lack of emotion; achievement motivation included two sub-themes: facing challenges bravely, acquiring a sense of achievement, serving society and others, and realizing one's own value.Conclusion:Nursing students have a clear initial motivation to participate in the voluntary service for the aged of the aged care facilities, and schools can strengthen the relevant education for students to participate in voluntary service in the training of nursing talents. The voluntary service for the aged can formulate corresponding development strategies and incentives according to the initial motivation of nursing students, so that promote the expansion and stability of the voluntary service for the aged team, and promote the development and improvement of voluntary service for the aged.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) combined with plasmapheresis (PE) or not for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during pregnancy.Methods:Fourteen patients with SLE during pregnancy were analyzed. Totally 7 patients in the non-PE group were given prednisone and HCQ only while 7 patients in PE group were given prednisone and HCQ combined with PE. The fetus outcomes and clinical data, such as erythrocyte sedimentation tate (ESR), urine protein level, blood cell count and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score before and after treatment at 3, 6, 12 months were used to evaluate the efficacy between the two groups. The comparison between groups was performed by repeated measures analysis of varianc (ANOVA).Results:Totally 11 patients delivered successfully in both groups while three of the 7 patients in the non-PE group had stillbirth. The 11 fetuses developed well and were born with an Apgar score of 8 or more at birth in both groups. There was a significant difference in ESR and platelet counts between the two groups ( F=7.838, P<0.05 ; F=32.269 , P<0.05). The ESR of the PE group was lower than that in the non-PE group at 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery, while the platelet count was higher than that in the non-PE group. Although there was no significant difference in the SLEDAI scores between the two groups ( F=2.816, P=0.119), the average of SLEDAI scores in the PE group was lower than that in the non-PE group at 3, 6 and 12 months after delivery. In addition, the urine protein of 7 patients in the PE group turned negative at 6, 12 months after delivery. In the non-PE group, urinary protein-positive patients were present in 3, 6, 12 months after delivery. Conclusion:PE in combination with oral prednisone and HCQ is a more effective than oral prednisone and HCQ alone for patients with active SLE during pregnancy, which reduces pregnancy loss and promote the patient's outcome.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Liver-soothing therapy on the Luteotropic hormone receptor (LHR) and Follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in Perimenopausal Syndrome (PMS). Methods A total of 30 nature aging rats (13-month-old) were randomly assigned into three groups;PMS Liver-qi stagnation model (n=8), PMS Liver-qi stagnation model (n=8) treated with Chaihu-Shugan powder (4.0 g/kg?d) and PMS Liver-qi stagnation model (n=8) treated with Danzhi-Xiaoyao powder (4.0 g/kg?d). The PMS Liver-qi stagnation syndrome rat model were established by immobilizing the nature aging rats. Twelve-week-old female rats (n=8) were used as normal controls. Water decoctions of Chaihu-Shugan powder or Danzhi-Xiaoyao powder were administered respectively for 3 weeks while the rat models established. The serum E2, FSH, LH level were measured by radioimmunoassay. The LHR, FSHR in ovary were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with Liver-qi stagnation syndrome rat model, FSH in the Chaihu-Shugan powder group (4.32 ± 0.33 mIU/ml vs. 5.24 ± 0.45 mIU/ml) decreased (P<0.01), and LH in the Danzhi-Xiaoyao powder group (6.76 ± 0.52 mIU/ml vs. 8.08 ± 0.59 mIU/ml) decreased (P<0.01). Compared with normal controls, LHR mRNA, FSHR mRNA level increased in PMS Liver-qi stagnation model. Compared with Liver-qi stagnation syndrome rat model, LHR mRNA, FSHR mRNA level decreased (7.42 ± 2.54,4.91 ± 1.76 vs. 3.80 ± 1.36) in the ovary of Danzhi-Xiaoyao powder group (P<0.01), but there was no remarkable FHR, LHR expression changes in Chaihu-Shugan powder group. Conclusions The mechanism of Liver-soothing therapy may be related to the regulation of endocrine and decrease of LHR, FSHR.

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of Xuling-Jiangu formula on bone mineral density in the osteoporosis model rats.Methods According to the random number table method,50 SD female rats were randomly divided into the sham group,the model group,the low dose group of Xuling-Jiangu formula group,the medium dose group and the high dose of group.In addition to the sham group,the other groups were osteoporosis model.After 30 days,low dose group received intragastric Xuling-Jiangu formula solution 7.5 g/kg;medium dose group and high dose group received 15 and 30 g/kg,respectively.And the sham group and the model group received normal saline 10 ml/kg.After 12 weeks treatment,the bone mineral density of the left tibia was measured by double energy X ray.Estrone,osteocalcin in serum had been detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in lumbar were measured by quantitative real-time PCR.Results The bone mineral density (0.215 ± 0.010 g/cm2,0.222 ± 0.013 g/cm2 vs.0.196 ± 0.016 g/cm2) of the Xuling-Jiangu formula group were significantly higher than that of the model group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The estrone in low,middle and high dose groups showed an upward trend,but there was no significant difference compared with the model group.The OC (87.0 ± 8.9 ng/L vs.100.5 ± 16.8 ng/L) of high dose group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P＜0.05).Compare with the model group,OPG mRNA level (0.97 ± 0.23 vs.0.78 ± 0.17) in high dose group increased (P＜0.05),the RANKL mRNA level decreased significantly (1.12 ± 0.17,0.97 ± 0.38,1.04 ± 0.29 vs.1.31 ± 0.18) in three Xuling-Jiangu formula groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions The bone mineral density of rats with osteoporosis can be improved by treating Xuling-Jiangu formula.It may be related to the increase of mRNA expression of OPG,and the reduction of RANKL.

Objective To explore species specificity of 29 Y-SNP loci and to lay the foundation for forensic application.Methods Human DNA and 8 different kinds of common animals' DNA were amplified separately by PCR.The PCR products were analyzed with PAGE.Results Twenty-three out of 29 Y-SNP loci were only amplified by the male human DNA,which indicated a good species specificity.Three loci amplified from human and some animals showed that the length of the product was different between two species.Another three loci amplified from human and animal showed that the length of the fragment was similar between human and animal.Five loci were amplified by PCR products from both male and female samples.Conclusion Most of 29 Y-SNP loci,amplified in male humans,have good species specificity and can be directly used for personal identification and paternity testing.

Objective The study aimed to investigate 15 autosomal loci polymorphism(such as D3S1358 and TPOX)in Nujiang Bai nationality,in order to construct genetic basic data of Bai population and provide a foundation for population study and forensic cases. Methods Venous blood was collected from 124 unrelated Bai individuals in Nujiang,Yunnan province. DNA was extracted by classical organic solvent extraction. PCR technique was applied to amplify the sequence of autosomal loci. The products were measured by electrical fluoroscopy. The gene frequencies of 15 STR loci were investigated and genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. ResultsGene polymorphisms of 15 STR loci were detected and the distributions of genotype conformed with Hardy-Weinberg balance law(P > 0.05). The cumulative match probability(CPM)was 4.869×10-17,the cumulative excluding probability(CPE)was 99.999 99%,and the combined power of discrimination(CDP)was 99.999 97%. ConclusionThe 15 STR loci used in this study were highly polymorphic informative content in Bai population and could be applied to population study and forensic practice.