Objective To observe CT and MRI manifestations of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young(PLNTY).Methods Totally 21 cases of PLNTY confirmed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled,and CT and MRI manifestations of the lesions were observed.Results Single supratentorial tumor was found in all 21 cases,including 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal type,6 cases of diffuse brain parenchymal type and 2 cases of extra parenchymal type PLNTY.Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)showed no diffusion limitation in all 21 cases,and a few cases with mild peritumoral edema.Among 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal PLNTY,7 cases presented as calcified nodules,5 cases presented as cystic lesions and 1 case as solid nodule.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 11 cases,while mild local enhancement was observed in 2 cases.Six cases of diffuse brain parenchymal PLNTY presented as diffuse thickening of the cortex in lesion area,with abnormal signals in the subcortical white matter in 4 cases.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 4 cases,while mild local enhancement was noticed in 2 cases.Two cases of extra parenchymal PLNTY presented as solid mass with calcification,with equal density on CT and mild local enhancement on enhanced MRI.Conclusion CT and MRI manifestations of PLNTY had certain characteristics.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between MRI burden of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive people.Methods Data of elderly hypertensive people with CSVD at Xingtai People's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from January 2018 to September 2024 were analyzed.According to the total MRI burden score,patients were divided into mild to moderate(0-2)and severe(3-4)burden groups.The baseline data and cognitive impairment were compared between groups.The correlation between risk factors of MRI burden and cognitive impairment was analyzed.Results The severe burden group had higher systolic blood pressure[178(155,180)mmHg vs.159.50(147.75,170)mmHg,higher fasting blood glucose[5.70(5.37,5.92)mmHg vs.5.38(4.83,5.70)mmHg,P<0.05]and higher the proportion of cognitive impairment[8(28.1%)vs.3(6.8%),P<0.05]than the mild to moderate group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure(OR=1.033,95%CI:1.001-1.067,P<0.05)was the independent risk factor for total MRI burden.Spearman correlation analysis revealed that MRI total burden was negatively correlated with MMSE score(r=-0.315,P=0.011)and MoCA score(r=-0.662,P<0.001).Compared with the mild to moderate burden group,the severe group performed worse in the areas of orientation,attention and computation,language ability on the MMSE,and worse in visual space and executive ability,attention,language,delayed recall,and orientation on the MoCA(P<0.05).Conclusion Systolic blood pressure is the independent risk factor of MRI total burden in elderly hypertensive people.The higher the total MRI burden,the more severe the cognitive impairment,the worse performance in orientation,visual space and executive ability,attention and computation,language,and delayed recall.

In protein engineering, while computational models are increasingly used to predict mutation effects, their evaluations primarily rely on high-throughput deep mutational scanning (DMS) experiments that use surrogate readouts, which may not adequately capture the complex biochemical properties of interest. Many proteins and their functions cannot be assessed through high-throughput methods due to technical limitations or the nature of the desired properties, and this is particularly true for the real industrial application scenario. Therefore, the desired testing datasets, will be small-size (∼10-100) experimental data for each protein, and involve as many proteins as possible and as many properties as possible, which is, however, lacking. Here, we present VenusMutHub, a comprehensive benchmark study using 905 small-scale experimental datasets curated from published literature and public databases, spanning 527 proteins across diverse functional properties including stability, activity, binding affinity, and selectivity. These datasets feature direct biochemical measurements rather than surrogate readouts, providing a more rigorous assessment of model performance in predicting mutations that affect specific molecular functions. We evaluate 23 computational models across various methodological paradigms, such as sequence-based, structure-informed and evolutionary approaches. This benchmark provides practical guidance for selecting appropriate prediction methods in protein engineering applications where accurate prediction of specific functional properties is crucial.

Objective To explore the imaging features of papillary glioneuronal tumor(PGNT).Methods The CT and MRI data of 54 patients with PGNT confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Fifty cases were located in the supratentorial area and 4 cases in the subtentorial area.41 cases were adjacent to the lateral ventricles,10 cases were far from the lateral ventricles,and 3 cases were located in the intraventricular.24 cases were cystic,21 cases were cystic-solid,and 9 cases were solid.In the solid part,28 cases showed obvious hegerogeneous enhancement,and 2 cases showed no enhancement.In 36 cases of cyst walls,17 cases showed obvious enhancement,and 19 cases showed no enhancement.In 17 cases of separation,11 cases showed"spiderweb-like"separation and 6 cases showed line-like separation,meanwhile,13 cases showed obvious enhancement,and 4 cases showed no enhancement.12 cases showed the ring of hemosiderin at the edge of the tumor on T2WI.35 cases underwent CT scan,and 15 cases showed calcification.None of the 54 cases showed restricted diffusion.2 cases showed hemorrhage.14 cases showed peritumoral edema.26 cases showed mild mass effect.Conclusion PGNT typically manifests as a cystic or cystic-solid mass in the supratentorial area around the lateral ventricles.It is often accompanied by calcification,"spiderweb-like"separation and the ring of hemosiderin at the edge of the tumor on T2WI,with minimal hemorrhage,no restricted diffusion,obvious enhancement of the solid part,no obvious peritumoral edema,and mild mass effect.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between MRI burden of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment in elderly hypertensive people.Methods Data of elderly hypertensive people with CSVD at Xingtai People's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from January 2018 to September 2024 were analyzed.According to the total MRI burden score,patients were divided into mild to moderate(0-2)and severe(3-4)burden groups.The baseline data and cognitive impairment were compared between groups.The correlation between risk factors of MRI burden and cognitive impairment was analyzed.Results The severe burden group had higher systolic blood pressure[178(155,180)mmHg vs.159.50(147.75,170)mmHg,higher fasting blood glucose[5.70(5.37,5.92)mmHg vs.5.38(4.83,5.70)mmHg,P<0.05]and higher the proportion of cognitive impairment[8(28.1%)vs.3(6.8%),P<0.05]than the mild to moderate group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure(OR=1.033,95%CI:1.001-1.067,P<0.05)was the independent risk factor for total MRI burden.Spearman correlation analysis revealed that MRI total burden was negatively correlated with MMSE score(r=-0.315,P=0.011)and MoCA score(r=-0.662,P<0.001).Compared with the mild to moderate burden group,the severe group performed worse in the areas of orientation,attention and computation,language ability on the MMSE,and worse in visual space and executive ability,attention,language,delayed recall,and orientation on the MoCA(P<0.05).Conclusion Systolic blood pressure is the independent risk factor of MRI total burden in elderly hypertensive people.The higher the total MRI burden,the more severe the cognitive impairment,the worse performance in orientation,visual space and executive ability,attention and computation,language,and delayed recall.

Objective To explore the imaging features of papillary glioneuronal tumor(PGNT).Methods The CT and MRI data of 54 patients with PGNT confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Fifty cases were located in the supratentorial area and 4 cases in the subtentorial area.41 cases were adjacent to the lateral ventricles,10 cases were far from the lateral ventricles,and 3 cases were located in the intraventricular.24 cases were cystic,21 cases were cystic-solid,and 9 cases were solid.In the solid part,28 cases showed obvious hegerogeneous enhancement,and 2 cases showed no enhancement.In 36 cases of cyst walls,17 cases showed obvious enhancement,and 19 cases showed no enhancement.In 17 cases of separation,11 cases showed"spiderweb-like"separation and 6 cases showed line-like separation,meanwhile,13 cases showed obvious enhancement,and 4 cases showed no enhancement.12 cases showed the ring of hemosiderin at the edge of the tumor on T2WI.35 cases underwent CT scan,and 15 cases showed calcification.None of the 54 cases showed restricted diffusion.2 cases showed hemorrhage.14 cases showed peritumoral edema.26 cases showed mild mass effect.Conclusion PGNT typically manifests as a cystic or cystic-solid mass in the supratentorial area around the lateral ventricles.It is often accompanied by calcification,"spiderweb-like"separation and the ring of hemosiderin at the edge of the tumor on T2WI,with minimal hemorrhage,no restricted diffusion,obvious enhancement of the solid part,no obvious peritumoral edema,and mild mass effect.

Objective To observe CT and MRI manifestations of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young(PLNTY).Methods Totally 21 cases of PLNTY confirmed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled,and CT and MRI manifestations of the lesions were observed.Results Single supratentorial tumor was found in all 21 cases,including 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal type,6 cases of diffuse brain parenchymal type and 2 cases of extra parenchymal type PLNTY.Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)showed no diffusion limitation in all 21 cases,and a few cases with mild peritumoral edema.Among 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal PLNTY,7 cases presented as calcified nodules,5 cases presented as cystic lesions and 1 case as solid nodule.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 11 cases,while mild local enhancement was observed in 2 cases.Six cases of diffuse brain parenchymal PLNTY presented as diffuse thickening of the cortex in lesion area,with abnormal signals in the subcortical white matter in 4 cases.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 4 cases,while mild local enhancement was noticed in 2 cases.Two cases of extra parenchymal PLNTY presented as solid mass with calcification,with equal density on CT and mild local enhancement on enhanced MRI.Conclusion CT and MRI manifestations of PLNTY had certain characteristics.

Exosome microRNA is closely related to the pathological processes of multiple sclerosis.Recent studies have shown that exosome microRNA is not only involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis,but also plays an important role in the early diagnosis,the identification of relapses,the prediction of subtypes and the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Therefore,exosome microRNA is expected to be a new diagnostic biomarker as well as treatment target for multiple sclerosis.In this article,the advances of exosome microRNA in multiple sclerosis are reviewed.

CMTM family is silenced and down-regulated in several kinds of tumors.Its aberrant expression has a strong association with the development,progression and metastasis of tumors.Thus,CMTM family is potential tumor suppressor genes.Epigenetics mechanism is the essential mechanism of the aberrant expression in this gene family.The discovery of this research gives a new direction to the clinical treatment of tumor.