ObjectiveTo analyze the temporal trend of knockdown resistance (kdr) gene mutations highly correlated with pyrethroid resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City of Yunnan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating rational insecticide use strategies. MethodsAdult mosquito samples of Aedes aegypti from 2016 to 2023 and larvae mosquito samples from July 2022 to June 2023 were collected in Jinghong City of Yunnan Province. Allele specific PCR (AS-PCR) was used to measure kdr mutations at amino acid positions 989, 1016 and 1534 of the voltage-gated sodium ion channel (VGSC) gene. Data such as mutation rate and mutation allele frequency were calculated, SPSS software was used to perform trend chi square tests on mutation rate and mutation allele frequency with year and month, as well as comparison of mutation allele frequencies and genotype distributions between the dry and rainy seasons, thereby delineating the temporal trend of kdr gene mutations. ResultsAmong the 173 samples collected from 2016 to 2023, the mutation rates of S989P and V1016G were 100.00% for each year, while the mutation rate of F1534C ranged from 62.50% to 100.00%. The mutation rate and mutation allele frequency of F1534C were increased over the years (χ²=22.079, P<0.001; χ²=42.971, P<0.001). Concurrently, the proportion of the PPGGCC genotype was increased annually (χ²=60.790, P<0.001). Among the 288 samples collected from July 2022 to June 2023, the monthly mutation rates for S989P, V1016G, and F1534C were consistently 100.00%. There was only one type of mutation present, namely S989P+V1016G+F1534C. In the combinations of the three genotypes, the SPGGCC genotype accounted for 1.39% (4/288), the PPGGFC accounted for 2.78% (8/288), and the PPGGCC had the highest proportion at 95.83% (276/288). After tesiting the samples collected in August 2023, the mutation rates of 989, 1016 and 1534 sites of VGSC in females, males, and larvae of the same generation were all 100.00%. ConclusionSince 2016, the gene mutations at S989P and V1016G loci in the VGSC gene of wild Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City have remained consistently at 100.00%, while the mutation rate and mutant allele frequency of F1534C have increased year by year during the testing period. By 2023, the mutation rates at three loci in the VGSC gene of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City had all reached 100.00%, and neither changes in insect developmental stage nor gender differences during transmission exerted a detectable impact on the mutation rates. In the control of Aedes aegypti in Jinghong City, the use of pyrethroid insecticides should be stopped or reduced, and regular monitoring of kdr genes should be carried out to promptly detect new mutations.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective To investigate the natural progression of pulmonary ground-glass nodule(GGN)to invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC)and the diagnostic value of follow-up CT.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 GGN in 45 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years,surgically resected and pathologically confirmed.They were divided into IAC group(n=25)and non-IAC group(n=20),and the clinical and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared.Results Significant differences were observed in initial volume(P=0.025),initial mass(P=0.005),margin(P=0.027),and time to GGN progression(P=0.005)between the IAC group and the non-IAC group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that initial mass and time to GGN progression were independent predictors for the diagnosis of IAC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis results revealed that when using a maximum Youden's index of 0.456,the optimal cutoff for time to GGN progression was 30 months,with a sensitivity of 75.0%and a specificity of 70.6%,and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.761[95%confidence interval(CI)0.606-0.916](P=0.005).When the maximum Youden's index reached 0.615,the sensitivity,specificity and AUC of the logistic regression model in the diagnosis of IAC were 79.2%,82.4%,and 0.860(95%CI 0.743-0.977)(P=0.001),respectively.The calibration curves demonstrated an excellent consistency between predicted and observed probabilities.Conclusion The optimal observation window for GGN is 30 months,during which IAC generally progresses.Close monitoring is recommended after the initiation of lesion growth.

Objective To explore the transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics in women with abnormal uterine cavity and compare the diagnostic value with hysteroscopy.Methods A total of 102 women who underwent transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the Department of Ultrasound of Lu'an People's Hospital for various reasons were selected as the research subjects.Hysteroscopy was the gold standard.The three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics of patients with different uterine cavity lesions were statistically analyzed.A 2×2 4-grid table was drawn to calculate the diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound for various types of uterine cavity lesions.Results There were 22 cases of endometrial polyps,9 cases of intrauterine adhesions,and 5 cases of submucosal fibroids.The accuracy rates of diagnosing endometrial polyps,intrauterine adhesions and submucosal fibroids through transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound were 90.91%,88.89%and 80.00%,respectively.The transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound of patients with endometrial polyps mainly showed deformation of the uterine cavity line,high echoic masses,clear differentiation between the edge of the echogenic mass and the endometrium,almost no deformation of the endometrial basal line,and scattered distribution of blood flow on CDFI ultrasound.Intrauterine adhesions mainly manifested as uneven endometrial thickness and low echogenicity by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,and fluid accumulation may found in the uterine cavity of some patients.Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound showed that submucosal fibroids were mainly hypoechoic,elliptical or irregular in shape,with CDFI revealing abundant blood flow signals.Conclusion When women with abnormal uterine cavity are examined with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,patients with different types of lesions have different typical ultrasound characteristics,and transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis has a high diagnostic accuracy with respect to hysteroscopy as the gold standard,exhibiting its advantages of non-invasive and rapid diagnosis,worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics in women with abnormal uterine cavity and compare the diagnostic value with hysteroscopy.Methods A total of 102 women who underwent transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and hysteroscopy in the Department of Ultrasound of Lu'an People's Hospital for various reasons were selected as the research subjects.Hysteroscopy was the gold standard.The three-dimensional ultrasound characteristics of patients with different uterine cavity lesions were statistically analyzed.A 2×2 4-grid table was drawn to calculate the diagnostic value of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound for various types of uterine cavity lesions.Results There were 22 cases of endometrial polyps,9 cases of intrauterine adhesions,and 5 cases of submucosal fibroids.The accuracy rates of diagnosing endometrial polyps,intrauterine adhesions and submucosal fibroids through transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound were 90.91%,88.89%and 80.00%,respectively.The transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound of patients with endometrial polyps mainly showed deformation of the uterine cavity line,high echoic masses,clear differentiation between the edge of the echogenic mass and the endometrium,almost no deformation of the endometrial basal line,and scattered distribution of blood flow on CDFI ultrasound.Intrauterine adhesions mainly manifested as uneven endometrial thickness and low echogenicity by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,and fluid accumulation may found in the uterine cavity of some patients.Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound showed that submucosal fibroids were mainly hypoechoic,elliptical or irregular in shape,with CDFI revealing abundant blood flow signals.Conclusion When women with abnormal uterine cavity are examined with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound,patients with different types of lesions have different typical ultrasound characteristics,and transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound diagnosis has a high diagnostic accuracy with respect to hysteroscopy as the gold standard,exhibiting its advantages of non-invasive and rapid diagnosis,worthy of clinical promotion.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective To investigate the natural progression of pulmonary ground-glass nodule(GGN)to invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC)and the diagnostic value of follow-up CT.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 GGN in 45 patients who were followed up for more than 2 years,surgically resected and pathologically confirmed.They were divided into IAC group(n=25)and non-IAC group(n=20),and the clinical and imaging characteristics between the two groups were compared.Results Significant differences were observed in initial volume(P=0.025),initial mass(P=0.005),margin(P=0.027),and time to GGN progression(P=0.005)between the IAC group and the non-IAC group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that initial mass and time to GGN progression were independent predictors for the diagnosis of IAC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis results revealed that when using a maximum Youden's index of 0.456,the optimal cutoff for time to GGN progression was 30 months,with a sensitivity of 75.0%and a specificity of 70.6%,and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.761[95%confidence interval(CI)0.606-0.916](P=0.005).When the maximum Youden's index reached 0.615,the sensitivity,specificity and AUC of the logistic regression model in the diagnosis of IAC were 79.2%,82.4%,and 0.860(95%CI 0.743-0.977)(P=0.001),respectively.The calibration curves demonstrated an excellent consistency between predicted and observed probabilities.Conclusion The optimal observation window for GGN is 30 months,during which IAC generally progresses.Close monitoring is recommended after the initiation of lesion growth.

Chorioamnionitis(CAM)refers to an inflammatory condition resulting from pathogen infection of the chorion,amnion,and decidua of the placenta.CAM is associated with preterm birth and an increased risk of adverse outcomes in neonates,including respiratory distress syndrome,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,and elevated perinatal mortality rates.Therefore,early identification,diagnosis,and treatment of CAM are crucial for optimizing therapeutic success in pregnant women and newborns while enhancing the quality of life and disease prognosis for neonates.This review aims to elucidate the correlation between CAM and neonatal diseases as well as provide insights into current prevention strategies and treatment approaches to offer novel clinical perspectives for improved management of CAM-related newborns.

To investigate the drug-resistance mutations and treatment of hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in Hunan Province. Children with pneumonia, who were hospitalized in the pediatric ward of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, were enrolled in this study, and their clinical data was also collected. The targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) was used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and drug-resistance mutations, and the drug-resistance and treatment in children with MPP were also analyzed. A total of 125 children with pneumonia were involved in this study, including 70 children in the MPP group and 55 children in the bacterial pneumonia group. The results showed that there were 41 boys and 29 girls with an average age of (6.50±3.45) years, with the most common group being the school-age group (age≥6 years). The clinical symptoms were characterized by fever and cough. Laboratory examination showed that the white blood cell and neutrophil counts in the MPP group were lower than those in the bacterial pneumonia group, while the lymphocyte ratio and hemoglobin levels in the MPP group were higher than those in the bacterial pneumonia group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Twelve children (17.14%) in the MPP group had severe pneumonia, and all children with severe pneumonia had 23Sr RNA A2063G and/or A2064G mutations. The tNGS detected 60 cases of MPP resistance gene mutations, including 59 cases (98.33%) of A2063G mutation in 23Sr RNA and one case (1.67%) of A2064G mutation in 23Sr RNA. There was a significant difference in the positive rate of drug-resistance mutations among patients of different age groups (χ 2=7.991, P=0.021). A total of 63 children (90.00%) with MPP were treated according to the results of drug-resistance mutations, and seven children (70.00%) with MPP without drug-resistance mutations were treated according to the tNGS results. In children with the drug resistance of MPP, 46 cases (95.83%) of non-severe pneumonia and 10 cases (83.33%) of severe pneumonia were treated according to the tNGS results. All patients had a good prognosis, with no deaths reported and a median hospital stay M ( Q1, Q3) of 9 (7, 11) days. In conclusion, MPP is more common in children aged≥6 years old in Hunan Province, and the detection of drug-resistant mutations includes A2063G and A2064G, with A2063G being the main one. The positive rate of drug-resistant mutations is related to age.

OBJECTIVE To prepare zeolite imidazole framework （ZIF）-8 nanoparticles （NPs） loaded with temozolomide （TMZ） （abbreviated as TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs） drug delivery system， thus increasing drug enrichment and anti-glioma effects in lesions. METHODS After preparing ZIF-8 NPs using the room temperature solution reaction method， the impregnation method was used to prepare TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs drug delivery system. Characterization was carried out using transmission electron microscopy， laser particle size， and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy， and dissolution and anti-tumor activity experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted. RESULTS TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs were successfully prepared with the particle size of （126.23±7.92） nm， drug loading amount of （28.79±1.26）%， and 72 h cumulative dissolution rate of （72.36±3.62）%. The results of in vitro anti-tumor activity experiments showed that the relative cell survival rate of ZIF-8 NPs remained above 90%； the prepared TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs delivery system exhibited superior inhibition， higher uptake capacity， and better promoting apoptosis effects on the growth and proliferation of C6 cells as compared with the free TMZ. The results of in vivo anti-tumor activity experiments showed that ZIF-8 NPs were not enriched in the brain of rats， and the enrichment effect of TMZ in the brain was not significant， while TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs had a significant enrichment effect in the brain. CONCLUSIONS ZIF-8 NPs can effectively load TMZ， and successfully prepared TMZ@ZIF-8 NPs can improve TMZ uptake ability and anti-glioma effect.