BACKGROUND:The extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5(ERK5)signaling protein is essential for the survival of organisms,and resveratrol can promote osteoblast proliferation through various pathways.However,whether resveratrol can regulate osteoblast function through the ERK5 signaling protein needs further verification. OBJECTIVE:To explore the regulatory effect of ERK5 on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and related secreted proteins,and to further verify whether resveratrol can complete the above process by activating ERK5. METHODS:Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were treated with complete culture medium,XMD8-92(an ERK5 inhibitor),epidermal growth factor(an ERK5 activator),resveratrol alone,XMD8-92+EGF,and resveratrol+XMD8-92,respectively.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of ERK5 and p-ERK5 proteins,proliferation-related proteins Cyclin D1,CDK4 and PCNA,and osteoblast-secreted proteins osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in MC3T3-E1 cells of each group.The fluorescence intensity of ERK5,osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in each group was detected by cell immunofluorescence staining,and cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining,respectively.The appropriate concentration and time of resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by cell morphology observation and cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The activation of ERK5 signaling protein could effectively promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells,up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio.The appropriate concentration and time for resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells was 5 μmol/L and 24 hours,respectively.Resveratrol could activate ERK5 signaling protein,thereby promoting osteoblast proliferation and up-regulating the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio.All these results indicate that resveratrol can promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio by activating the ERK5 signaling protein.

Aquatic organisms can secrete biomacromolecules through specialized organs, tissues, or structures, enabling adhesion to underwater material surfaces and leading to severe biofouling issues. This phenomenon adversely impacts aquatic ecosystem health and human activities. Biofouling has emerged as an emerging global environmental challenge. Adhesion serves as the foundation of biofouling, representing a critical step toward a comprehensive understanding of the adhesion mechanisms of aquatic organisms. Biomacromolecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, are the primary functional components in the adhesive substances of aquatic fouling organisms. Research indicates that these biomacromolecules exhibit diversity in types and characteristics across different aquatic organisms, yet their adhesion mechanisms show unifying features. Despite significant progress, there remains a lack of comprehensive reviews on the adhesion mechanisms mediated by biomacromolecules in aquatic fouling organisms, particularly on the roles of lipids and carbohydrates. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this review systematically summarizes the mechanistic roles of three classes of macromolecules in aquatic biofouling adhesion processes. Proteins demonstrate central functionality in interfacial adhesion and cohesion through specialized functional amino acids, conserved structural domains, and post-translational modifications. Lipids enhance structural stability via hydrophobic barrier formation and antioxidative protection mechanisms. Carbohydrates contribute to adhesion persistence through cohesive reinforcement and enzymatic resistance of adhesive matrices. Building upon these mechanisms, this review proposes four prospective research directions: optimization of protein-mediated adhesion functionality, elucidation of lipid participation in adhesion dynamics, systematic characterization of carbohydrate adhesion modalities, and investigation of macromolecular synergy in composite adhesive systems. The synthesized knowledge provides critical insights into underwater adhesion mechanisms of aquatic fouling organisms and establishes a theoretical foundation for developing mechanism-driven antifouling strategies. This work advances fundamental understanding of bioadhesion phenomena while offering practical guidance for next-generation antifouling technology development.

Perceptual decision making refers to the process by which individuals make choices and judgments based on sensory information, serving as a fundamental ability for human adaptation to complex environments. While traditional research has focused on perceptual decision making in isolated contexts, growing evidence highlights the profound influence of social contexts prevalent in real-world scenarios. As a crucial factor supporting individual survival and development, social context not only provides rich information sources but also shapes perceptual decision making through top-down processing mechanisms, prompting researchers to recognize the inherently social nature of human decisions. Empirical studies have demonstrated that social information, such as others’ choices or group norms, can systematically bias individuals’ perceptual decisions, often manifesting as conformity behaviors. Social influence can also facilitate performance under certain conditions, particularly when individuals can accurately identify and adopt high-quality social information. The impact of social context on perceptual decisions is modulated by a variety of external and internal factors, including group characteristics(e.g., group size, response consistency), attributes of peers (e.g., familiarity, social status, distinctions between human and artificial agents), as well as individual differences such as confidence, personality traits, and developmental stage. The motivations driving social influence encompass three primary mechanisms: improving decision accuracy through informational influence, gaining social acceptance through normative influence, and maintaining positive self-concept. Recent computational approaches have employed diverse theoretical frameworks to provide valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying social influence in perceptual decision making. Reinforcement learning models demonstrate how social feedback shapes future choices through reward-based updating. Bayesian inference frameworks describe how individuals integrate personal beliefs with social information based on their respective reliabilities, dynamically updating beliefs to optimize decisions under uncertainty. Drift diffusion models offer powerful tools to decompose social influence into distinct cognitive components, allowing researchers to differentiate between changes in perceptual processing and shifts in decision criteria. Collectively, these models establish a comprehensive methodological foundation for disentangling the multiple pathways by which social context shapes perceptual decisions. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies provide converging evidence that social context influences perceptual decision making through multi-level neural mechanisms. At early perceptual processing stages, social influence modulates sensory evidence accumulation in parietal cortex and directly alters primary visual cortex activity, while guiding selective attention to stimulus features consistent with social norms through attentional alignment mechanisms. At higher cognitive levels, the reward system (ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) is activated during group-consistent decisions; emotion-processing networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala) regulate experiences of social acceptance and rejection; and mentalizing-related brain regions (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction) support inference of others’ mental states and social information integration. These neural circuits work synergistically to achieve top-down multi-level modulation of perceptual decision making. Understanding the mechanisms by which social context shapes perceptual decision making has broad theoretical and practical implications. These insights inform the optimization of collective decision-making, the design of socially adaptive human-computer interaction systems, and interventions for cognitive disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa. Future studies should combine computational modeling and neuroimaging approaches to systematically investigate the multi-level and dynamic nature of social influences on perceptual decision making.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of intraoperative slide rail CT combined with C-arm X-ray assis-tance and just C-arm for percutaneous screw in the treatment of pelvic posterior ring injury.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the patient data of 76 patients with posterior pelvic ring injury admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Trauma from December 2018 to February 2022.Among them,39 patients in the CT group were treated with C-arm combined with slide rail CT-assisted inline fixation including 23 males and 16 females with an average age of(44.98±7.33)years old;and the other 37 patients in the C-arm group were treated with intraline fixation treatment under only C-arm fluoroscopy in-cluding 24 males and 13 females with an average age of(44.37±10.82)years old.Among them,42 patients with anterior ring fractures were treated with percutaneous inferior iliac spines with internal fixation(INFIX)or suprapubic support screws to fix the anterior pelvic ring.Postoperative follow-up time,operation time,complications of the two groups were compared.Results of Matta reduction criteria,Majed efficacy evaluation,the CT grading and the rate of secondary surgical revision were com-pared.Results The nailing time of(32.63±7.33)min in CT group was shorter than that of(52.95±10.64)min in C-arm group(t=-9.739,P＜0.05).The follow-up time between CT group(11.97±1.86)months and C-arm group(12.03±1.71)months were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The postoperative complication rates between two groups were not statistically significant(x2=0.159,P＞0.05).Results of Matta reduction criteria(Z=2.79,P＜0.05),Majeed efficacy evaluation(Z=2.79,P＜0.05),CT grading(Z=2.83,P＜0.05)in CT group were better than those in C-arm group(P＜0.05);the secondary surgical revision rate in the CT group was significantly lower than that in the C-arm group(x2=5.641,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional C-arm fluoroscopy,intraoperative slide rail CT combined with C-arm assisted percutaneous sacroiliac joint screw placement surgery has the characteristics of short operation time,high accuracy and safety,and significant decrease in postoperative sec-ondary revision rate,and is one of the effective methods for re-establishing the stability of the posterior ring of pelvic fracture.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of peripheral cutting balloon (PCB) in the treatment of long stenosis of arteriovenous fistula, and to explore the influencing factors of restenosis after PCB treatment.Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study. The patients with long stenosis (>2 cm) of arteriovenous fistula who received PCB treatment of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in Haidian Hospital, the Third Hospital of Peking University from August to November 2021. The clinical and follow-up data after PTA operation were collected and analyzed, and the primary patency rate and primary assist patency rate of fistula at 3, 6 and 12 months after PTA operation were calculated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve of the primary patency rate of fistula, and log-rank test was used to compare the differences of primary patency rates of fistula between two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of fistula restenosis after PCB treatment.Results:A total of 65 patients aged (62.57±11.55) years old were included in this study, including 42 males (64.62%), 61 (93.85%) autologous arteriovenous fistula and 4 (6.15%) arteriovenous graft. The narrowest diameter of fistula stenosis ( t=-41.731, P<0.001) and brachial artery blood flow ( t=-12.510, P<0.001) after PCB treatment were significantly higher than those before PCB treatment. The resistance index of fistula after PCB treatment was significantly lower than that before PCB treatment ( t=9.241, P<0.001). The technical success rate of PTA was 100% (65/65), and the clinical success rate of PTA was 96.92% (63/65). Only 2 patients failed to complete hemodialysis after PCB treatment, and no serious postoperative complications occurred. The follow-up time was 12 (7, 13) months. Fistula dysfunction occurred in 24 patients (36.92%) within 12 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the primary patency rates were 90.77%, 81.54% and 63.08% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, and the primary assist patency rate at 12 months was 100% (65/65). The risk of fistula restenosis in patients with long stenosis ≥36 mm was significantly higher than that in patients with long stenosis <36 mm (log-rank χ2=6.007, P=0.014). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased stenosis length ( HR=1.022, 95% CI 1.001-1.045, P=0.042) was an independent influencing factor of fistula restenosis within 12 months after PCB treatment. Conclusions:PCB is safe and effective in the treatment of long segment stenosis associated with fistula. The increased stenosis length is an independent influencing factor of restenosis in fistula after PCB treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation(HD-tDCS)on the modulation of the H-reflex and M-wave during ankle dorsiflexion-plantar flexion fatigue tasks to provide direction for the application of HD-tDCS in mitigating neuromuscular fatigue.Methods Twenty healthy young male participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the real stimulation or sham stimulation group,with 10 participants in each group.The intervention consisted of a 5-day single-blind HD-tDCS application(duration:20 min;intensity:2 mA;target:Cz).Baseline measurements of the H-reflex and M-wave under resting conditions,M-wave during maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC)of the dorsiflexor muscle,and MVIC torque of the dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles were obtained.An ankle dorsiflexion fatigue task was performed to determine the time to achieve fatigue for the task.The same fatigue task was repeated and evaluated one day after the intervention.A repeated-measures two-factor(stimulation condition x pre/post fatigue)analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to analyze the effects of independent variables on the mechanical properties of the muscles and α-motoneuron conduction characteristics.Results After fatigue,voluntary activation(VA),maximal H-reflex(Hmax),maximal M-wave(Mmax),and dorsiflexor and plantar flexor MVIC torques in both groups were significantly reduced compared with pre-fatigue levels(P＜0.05).However,compared to the real stimulation group,the sham stimulation group showed a more significant decline in VA and plantar flexor MVIC torque(P＜0.05).Conclusions A continuous 5-day HD-tDCS intervention can effectively increase α-motoneuron activity at the spinal segment.It can also exert an inhibitory effect on reducing information transmission capacity at the peripheral neuromuscular junction under the ankle dorsi-plantarflexion fatigue task.

Objective To investigate the incidence rate,clinical characteristics,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen,China.Methods Led by Shenzhen Children's Hospital,the Shenzhen Neonatal Data Collaboration Network organized 21 institutions to collect 36 cases of neonatal stroke from January 2020 to December 2022.The incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of neonatal stroke in Shenzhen were analyzed.Results The incidence rate of neonatal stroke in 21 hospitals from 2020 to 2022 was 1/15 137,1/6 060,and 1/7 704,respectively.Ischemic stroke accounted for 75％(27/36);boys accounted for 64％(23/36).Among the 36 neonates,31(86％)had disease onset within 3 days after birth,and 19(53％)had convulsion as the initial presentation.Cerebral MRI showed that 22 neonates(61％)had left cerebral infarction and 13(36％)had basal ganglia infarction.Magnetic resonance angiography was performed for 12 neonates,among whom 9(75％)had involvement of the middle cerebral artery.Electroencephalography was performed for 29 neonates,with sharp waves in 21 neonates(72％)and seizures in 10 neonates(34％).Symptomatic/supportive treatment varied across different hospitals.Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment was performed for 12 neonates(33％,12/36),with a mean score of(32±4)points.The prognosis of 27 neonates was followed up to around 12 months of age,with 44％(12/27)of the neonates having a good prognosis.Conclusions Ischemic stroke is the main type of neonatal stroke,often with convulsions as the initial presentation,involvement of the middle cerebral artery,sharp waves on electroencephalography,and a relatively low neurodevelopment score.Symptomatic/supportive treatment is the main treatment method,and some neonates tend to have a poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Fluid shear stress plays an important role in osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis.However,whether Caveolin-1 is involved in the process of fluid shear stress-induced proliferation and apoptosis in osteoblasts is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of Caveolin-1 in fluid shear stress-regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS:The MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts in good growth status were selected and loaded with fluid shear stress at an intensity of 1.2 Pa for different times(0,30,60,90 minutes).The expression of Caveolin-1 protein was observed and conditions with a time of 60 minutes were screened for the experiment.MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into control group,fluid shear stress group,fluid shear stress+pcDNA 3.1 group(control),fluid shear stress+pcDNA Cav-1 group(plasmid overexpression),and intervened with fluid shear stress and overexpression of Cav-1,respectively.The expression of molecules related to proliferation and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot.In addition,the proliferative activity of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 and EdU assay;and cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of Caveolin-1 in MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly down-regulated after loading fluid shear stress,and the expression level was lowest after 60 minutes.Overexpression of Caveolin-1 attenuated the proliferation-promoting and apoptosis-suppressing effects of fluid shear stress in MC3T3-E1 cells.In conclusion,Caveolin-1 has a vital role in fluid shear stress-regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis,which may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.

Objective:To study the different factors that affected the correction coefficient of biological load in microorganism test of medical device,so as to improve the accuracy of testing microorganism of medical device.Methods:According to the national standard"Sterilization of medical devices-Microbiological methods-Part 1:Determination of a population of microorganisms on products"(GB/T 19973.1-2015),the microorganisms of disposable sterile syringes were tested.The vaccination locations of different bacterial strains,the collection techniques of different eluents and the different microorganism count methods were selected to conduct experiment.And then,the correction coefficient of biological load was calculated.Results:Based on the data analysis of the correction coefficient of the biological load of disposable sterile syringes,the difference of the microorganism growth status on plate among three different vaccination locations of bacterial strains(cone head interior,tube inner wall and rubber piston)was statistically significant(F=36.575,P<0.05),and the correction coefficients for recovery rate were respectively 2.9,16.5,and 9.9.The difference of the microorganism growth status on plate among three different microorganism collection techniques(manual shaking for 20 seconds,mechanical shaking for 5 and 20 minutes,200 r/min)was statistically significant(F=119.460,P<0.05),and the correction coefficients for recovery rate were respectively 14.1,7.1 and 1.9.The difference of the microorganism growth status on plate among three different microorganism count methods(coating method,pouring method and membrane filtration method)was not significant(F=0.529,P>0.05),and the correction coefficients for recovery rate were respectively 1.2,1.1 and 1.2.Conclusion:In testing biological load,multiple sites should be selected to conduct simultaneous infection of bacteria,and mechanical shaking should be used to collect eluent.In the test of biological load of medical device,the selection of the sites of bacterial infection and microorganism collection technique are important factor of the correction coefficient of biological load.

Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital takes the reform of DRG payment method as an opportunity,based on the theory of incentive behavior,uses literature research,expert consultation,and key performance indicator methods to develop evaluation indicators,and applies PDCA management tools to establish a continuously improving medical insurance service quality evaluation system.It introduces the process of medical insurance service quality evaluation system construction and its application in medical insurance performance management,and analyzes the implementation effect:DRG operation is improving,disease group structure is optimized,medical quality and efficiency continue to improve,and medical service evaluation scores are improving.