ObjectiveTo construct a competency model for "dual-qualified" teachers in vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy programs based on the World Health Organization's rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) and relevant domestic and international standards, and explore the training pathways for rehabilitation therapy teachers in China. MethodsLiterature analysis and comparative research methods were employed to systematically review RCF, physiotherapist-education-framework-FINAL, the Minimum-Standards-for-the-Education-of-Occupational-Therapists, and the "dual-qualified" teacher standards in vocational education for China. Focusing on the characteristics of vocational undergraduate talent cultivation, it took the integration of the "educator-clinical rehabilitation therapist" dual roles as its starting point, combining rehabilitation industry competence with educator standards as its basic principle, and using RCF as its foundational dimension. It then integrated advanced competency dimensions required of vocational undergraduate teachers to form a dimensional framework. Following the systematic curriculum development concept of the work process, the core activities of each dimension were designed by combining, improving and expanding the concept integration method, and describing the ability characteristics in a graded and progressive manner, to construct a model. ResultsThis model was guided by the core concepts of three types of values ​​and four types of professional beliefs. Vertically, it encompassed 28 activities across eight competency dimensions, including teaching practice, rehabilitation practice, digital literacy, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership, applied research, and social service. Horizontally, it encompassed 53 corresponding competency characteristics across three advanced levels (beginner, intermediate and advanced). ConclusionThis model, through its vertical dimension design and horizontal progressive development, clearly describes the advancement of vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy teachers from newly hired teachers to backbone teachers and professional leaders. It not only aligns with the general requirements of the national standards for "dual-qualified" teachers in higher vocational colleges in China, but also incorporates an international perspective on rehabilitation education and practice, and possesses the characteristics of vocational undergraduate education that integrates multiple abilities and roles. At the theoretical level, it provides core theoretical support for establishing standardized and internationalized "dual-qualified" teacher standards for vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy programs in China; at the practical level, it serves as an "action map" for teacher professional development, assessment and evaluation, providing a key reference for constructing a systematic high-end skilled rehabilitation talent training system.

ObjectiveTo construct a competency model for "dual-qualified" teachers in vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy programs based on the World Health Organization's rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) and relevant domestic and international standards, and explore the training pathways for rehabilitation therapy teachers in China. MethodsLiterature analysis and comparative research methods were employed to systematically review RCF, physiotherapist-education-framework-FINAL, the Minimum-Standards-for-the-Education-of-Occupational-Therapists, and the "dual-qualified" teacher standards in vocational education for China. Focusing on the characteristics of vocational undergraduate talent cultivation, it took the integration of the "educator-clinical rehabilitation therapist" dual roles as its starting point, combining rehabilitation industry competence with educator standards as its basic principle, and using RCF as its foundational dimension. It then integrated advanced competency dimensions required of vocational undergraduate teachers to form a dimensional framework. Following the systematic curriculum development concept of the work process, the core activities of each dimension were designed by combining, improving and expanding the concept integration method, and describing the ability characteristics in a graded and progressive manner, to construct a model. ResultsThis model was guided by the core concepts of three types of values ​​and four types of professional beliefs. Vertically, it encompassed 28 activities across eight competency dimensions, including teaching practice, rehabilitation practice, digital literacy, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership, applied research, and social service. Horizontally, it encompassed 53 corresponding competency characteristics across three advanced levels (beginner, intermediate and advanced). ConclusionThis model, through its vertical dimension design and horizontal progressive development, clearly describes the advancement of vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy teachers from newly hired teachers to backbone teachers and professional leaders. It not only aligns with the general requirements of the national standards for "dual-qualified" teachers in higher vocational colleges in China, but also incorporates an international perspective on rehabilitation education and practice, and possesses the characteristics of vocational undergraduate education that integrates multiple abilities and roles. At the theoretical level, it provides core theoretical support for establishing standardized and internationalized "dual-qualified" teacher standards for vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy programs in China; at the practical level, it serves as an "action map" for teacher professional development, assessment and evaluation, providing a key reference for constructing a systematic high-end skilled rehabilitation talent training system.

ObjectiveTo construct a competency model for "dual-qualified" teachers in vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy programs based on the World Health Organization's rehabilitation competency framework (RCF) and relevant domestic and international standards, and explore the training pathways for rehabilitation therapy teachers in China. MethodsLiterature analysis and comparative research methods were employed to systematically review RCF, physiotherapist-education-framework-FINAL, the Minimum-Standards-for-the-Education-of-Occupational-Therapists, and the "dual-qualified" teacher standards in vocational education for China. Focusing on the characteristics of vocational undergraduate talent cultivation, it took the integration of the "educator-clinical rehabilitation therapist" dual roles as its starting point, combining rehabilitation industry competence with educator standards as its basic principle, and using RCF as its foundational dimension. It then integrated advanced competency dimensions required of vocational undergraduate teachers to form a dimensional framework. Following the systematic curriculum development concept of the work process, the core activities of each dimension were designed by combining, improving and expanding the concept integration method, and describing the ability characteristics in a graded and progressive manner, to construct a model. ResultsThis model was guided by the core concepts of three types of values ​​and four types of professional beliefs. Vertically, it encompassed 28 activities across eight competency dimensions, including teaching practice, rehabilitation practice, digital literacy, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership, applied research, and social service. Horizontally, it encompassed 53 corresponding competency characteristics across three advanced levels (beginner, intermediate and advanced). ConclusionThis model, through its vertical dimension design and horizontal progressive development, clearly describes the advancement of vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy teachers from newly hired teachers to backbone teachers and professional leaders. It not only aligns with the general requirements of the national standards for "dual-qualified" teachers in higher vocational colleges in China, but also incorporates an international perspective on rehabilitation education and practice, and possesses the characteristics of vocational undergraduate education that integrates multiple abilities and roles. At the theoretical level, it provides core theoretical support for establishing standardized and internationalized "dual-qualified" teacher standards for vocational undergraduate rehabilitation therapy programs in China; at the practical level, it serves as an "action map" for teacher professional development, assessment and evaluation, providing a key reference for constructing a systematic high-end skilled rehabilitation talent training system.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by plant cells, characterized by a lipid bilayer structure. These vesicles carry a variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and play essential roles in intercellular communication and physiological regulation in plants. Compared to animal-derived extracellular vesicles, PDEVs offer several advantages, such as a broad range of sources, high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. Furthermore, PDEVs have demonstrated remarkable potential as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery, due to their ability to efficiently traverse biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, making them promising candidates for drug delivery systems. This review systematically elaborates on the complex composition of PDEVs, which consists of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, the typical structural characteristics of their lipid bilayers ranging from 30 to 150 nm, and their versatile loading capabilities as drug carriers, efficiently encapsulating various types of therapeutic agents such as hydrophilic small molecules, hydrophobic drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins. We systematically summarize the recent advancements in strategies for enhancing the loading efficiency of PDEVs, which include methods such as co-incubation, ultrasound-assisted loading, electroporation, freeze-thaw cycles, and microfluidic technology. These techniques are evaluated based on their underlying principles, suitable drug types, and their respective advantages. In addition to loading strategies, we focus on the engineered approaches to achieve targeted delivery using PDEVs, such as genetic engineering modifications, chemical ligand conjugation, membrane fusion technology, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification. We discuss the mechanisms of these strategies in enhancing targeting efficiency, prolonging in vivo circulation time, and improving therapeutic efficacy. Further, this review highlights the application of PDEVs in various disease models, including tumor, skin inflammation, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, showcasing their therapeutic potential as multifunctional delivery platforms. The ability of PDEVs to encapsulate diverse therapeutic agents and target specific tissues or cells opens up new avenues for the treatment of complex diseases, offering advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. However, despite the promising applications of PDEVs, several challenges remain in their development and clinical translation. These challenges include variability in source materials, standardization of preparation processes, quality control, scalability of production, and the need for clinical validation. To overcome these obstacles, the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence-assisted design and multi-omics analysis is proposed as a way to facilitate the precise development of PDEVs. These emerging technologies hold the potential to further enhance the precision and effectiveness of plant-based drug delivery systems, ultimately advancing the field of precision medicine. In conclusion, the use of PDEVs as a platform for drug delivery represents a promising area of research with the potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies. Their ability to encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of bioactive molecules, along with their inherent advantages in biocompatibility and versatility, makes them a valuable tool in the development of more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions. Continued research and innovation in this field will pave the way for the clinical implementation of PDEVs in the treatment of various diseases, offering new hope for more effective and sustainable therapeutic options.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) holds significant value in guiding drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment and enhancing outcomes. However, the predictive capability of post-angioplasty QFR for long-term clinical events in patients with de novo lesions who receive DCB treatment remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the potential significance of post-angioplasty QFR measurements in predicting clinical outcomes in patients underwent DCB treatment for de novo lesions. METHODS: Patients who underwent DCB-only intervention for de novo lesions were enrolled. QFR was conducted after DCB treatment. The patients were then categorized based on post-angioplasty QFR. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), encompassing all-cause death, cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 553 patients with 561 lesions were included. The median follow-up period was 505 days, during which 66 (11.8%) MACEs occurred. Based on post-procedural QFR grouping, there were 259 cases in the high QFR group (QFR > 0.93) and 302 cases in the low QFR group (QFR ≤ 0.93). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of MACE in the low QFR group (log-rank P = 0.004). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between QFR and the occurrence of MACEs (HR = 0.522, 95%CI: 0.289-0.942, P = 0.031). Landmark analysis indicated that high QFR had a significant reducing effect on the cumulative incidence of MACEs within 1 year (log-rank P = 0.016) and 1-5 years (log-rank P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS In patients who underwent DCB-only treatment for de novo lesions, higher post-procedural QFR values (> 0.93) were identified as an independent protective factor against adverse prognosis.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Neuropathic pain, a debilitating condition caused by dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, remains difficult to treat due to limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis identified cerebellin 2 (CBLN2) as highly enriched in human and murine proprioceptive and nociceptive neurons. We found that CBLN2 expression is persistently upregulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in mice. In addition, transcription factor SOX11 binds to 12 cis-regulatory elements within the Cbln2 promoter to enhance its transcription. SNL also induced SOX11 upregulation, with SOX11 and CBLN2 co-localized in nociceptive neurons. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sox11 or Cbln2 attenuated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. High-throughput sequencing of DRG following intrathecal injection of CBLN2 revealed widespread gene expression changes, including upregulation of numerous NF-κB downstream targets. Consistently, CBLN2 activated NF-κB signaling, and inhibition with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduced CBLN2-induced pain hypersensitivity, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines production, and neuronal hyperexcitability. Together, these findings identified the SOX11/CBLN2/NF-κB axis as a critical mediator of neuropathic pain and a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Animals ; Neuralgia/metabolism* ; Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; SOXC Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Male ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Nerves

Objective To investigate the effects of cucurbitacin B (CucB) on alleviating skin lesions and inflammation in psoriasis mice via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Methods The expression of genes associated with the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in psoriatic lesions and non-lesional skin was analyzed, and hallmark gene set enrichment analysis was performed. The cytotoxicity of CucB on BMDMs was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, along with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, were measured at different concentrations of CucB using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: normal group, model group, low-dose CucB group [0.1 mg/ (kg.d)], and high-dose CucB group [0.4 mg/ (kg.d)], with five mice per group. PASI scoring was performed to assess the severity of psoriasis after 6 days of treatment, and HE staining was conducted to observe pathological damage. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and their secretion were detected by qPCR and ELISA. Results Most cGAS-STING signaling-related genes were upregulated in lesional skin of psoriasis patients, and the hallmark gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the most significantly upregulated genes were primarily associated with immune response signaling pathways. CucB inhibited dsDNA-induced phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and STING proteins in both bone-marrow derived macrophages(BMDMs) and THP-1 cells. CucB also suppressed dsDNA-induced mRNA expression of IFNB1, TNF, IFIT1, CXCL10, ISG15, and reduced the secretion of cytokines such as IFN-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α in THP-1 cells. In the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, CucB treatment reduced psoriatic symptoms, alleviated skin lesions, and attenuated inflammation. ELISA and qPCR results showed that CucB significantly reduced serum secretion levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as the mRNA levels of IL23A, IL1B, IL6, TNF, and IFNB1. Conclusion CucB inhibits cytoplasmic DNA-induced activationc of the GAS-STING pathway. CucB significantly attenuates skin lesions and inflammation in IMQ-induced psoriatic mice, and the potential molecular mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway.
Animals ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mice ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin/metabolism* ; Triterpenes/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Male

The genome tagging project (GTP) plays a pivotal role in addressing a critical gap in the understanding of protein functions. Within this framework, we successfully generated a human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged sperm-specific protein 411 (HA-tagged Ssp411) mouse model. This model is instrumental in probing the expression and function of Ssp411. Our research revealed that Ssp411 is expressed in the round spermatids, elongating spermatids, elongated spermatids, and epididymal spermatozoa. The comprehensive examination of the distribution of Ssp411 in these germ cells offers new perspectives on its involvement in spermiogenesis. Nevertheless, rigorous further inquiry is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanistic underpinnings of these functions. Ssp411 is not detectable in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes, or 2-cell stage embryos, highlighting its intricate role in early embryonic development. These findings not only advance our understanding of the role of Ssp411 in reproductive physiology but also significantly contribute to the overarching goals of the GTP, fostering groundbreaking advancements in the fields of spermiogenesis and reproductive biology.
Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatids/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Thioredoxins/genetics*