This paper outlines the development of artificial intelligence （AI） and its applications in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research， and elucidates the roles and advantages of large language models， knowledge graphs， and natural language processing in advancing syndrome identification， prescription generation， and mechanism exploration. Using spleen-stomach diseases as an example， it demonstrates the empowering effects of AI in classical literature mining， precise clinical syndrome differentiation， efficacy and safety prediction， and intelligent education， highlighting an upgraded research paradigm that evolves from data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches to intelligence-driven models. To address challenges related to privacy protection and regulatory compliance in cross-institutional data collaboration， a "trusted federated evidence-based analysis platform for TCM spleen-stomach diseases" is proposed， integrating blockchain-based smart contracts， federated learning， and secure multi-party computation. The deep integration of AI with privacy-preserving computing is reshaping research and clinical practice in TCM spleen-stomach diseases， providing feasible pathways and a technical framework for building a high-quality， trustworthy TCM big-data ecosystem and achieving precision syndrome differentiation.

Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and trends of liver, lung, breast, colorectal and gastric cancers in Nanning City from 2018 to 2022. Methods: Data of new cases of liver, lung, breast, colorectal and gastric cancers in Nanning City from 2018 to 2022 were collected through the big data platform of the Nanning Health Propaganda and Information Center's Hospitalization System. The incidence rates were calculated and standardized using the data of the seventh national population census in 2020. The age, gender, and urban-rural distribution of the five malignant tumor cases were descriptively analyzed. The trends in incidence of the five malignant tumors were analyzed using annual percent change (APC). Results: From 2018 to 2022, the crude and standardized incidence rates of liver cancer in Nanning City were 24.46/105 and 26.39/105, respectively, showing upward trends (APC=15.122% and 13.111%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were 23.42/105 and 25.83/105, respectively, showing upward trends (APC=13.714% and 10.056%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence rates of breast cancer were 19.13/105 and 20.29/105, respectively, with no significant trends (APC=-5.129% and -5.164%, both P>0.05). The crude incidence rate of colorectal cancer was 18.81/105, showing an upward trend (APC=8.164%, P<0.05), while the standardized incidence rate was 20.64/105, with no significant trend (APC=5.044%, P>0.05). The crude incidence rate of gastric cancer was 7.27/105, showing an upward trend (APC=5.984%, P<0.05), while the standardized incidence rate was 7.98/105, with no significant trend (APC=3.304%, P>0.05). The age of onset peak for liver cancer was 65 to <70 years, for lung cancer was 75 to <80 years, for breast cancer was 55 to <60 years, for colorectal cancer was 80 to <85 years, and for gastric cancer was 75 to <80 years. The standardized incidence rates of liver, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers were higher in males than in females (all P<0.05). The standardized incidence rates of liver, lung and gastric cancers were higher in rural areas than in urban areas, while the standardized incidence rates of breast and colorectal cancers were lower in rural areas (all P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence rates of liver, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers in Nanning City showed upward trends from 2018 to 2022, while the incidence rate of breast cancer remained stable. The standardized incidence rates of liver, lung, colorectal and gastric cancers were higher in males, and the standardized incidences of liver, lung and gastric cancers were higher in rural areas.

Objective To evaluate the practical application of the Media Fill Test(MFT)in assessing aseptic compounding competency of personnel in Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services(PIVAS).Methods A multicenter controlled study was conducted across six tertiary hospitals(center ①-⑥)in China.Participants were divided into an inexperienced group(Group A,n=118)and an experienced group(Group B,n=118),each performing five MFT operations.Positive controls validated medium efficacy.Contamination rates and pass rates were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results Valid samples included 584 for Group A and 588 for Group B.The sample pass rate was 66.78%(390/584)in Group A and 91.67%(539/588)in Group B,while personnel pass rates were 46.15%(54/117)and 80.51%(95/118),respectively,with significant intergroup differences(both P<0.01).All centers except Center ⑥ showed significantly higher pass rates in Group B(all P<0.05).Conclusion MFT effectively differentiates technical proficiency levels and is suitable for training evaluation of novice PIVAS staff.

Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)belongs to the genus Flavivirus and the family Flavi-viridae,and is classified as a single-stranded,positive-sense RNA virus.The disease known as Japa-nese encephalitis(JE),which results from JEV infection,is a viral zoonosis that is prevalent worldwide and poses a significant public health concern.JEV infection activates a variety of signa-ling pathways,leading to a series of changes that are crucial to the virus's pathogenesis.Among these pathways,Toll-like receptors(TLRs)are particularly significant,and their diverse range and complex signal transduction mechanisms present substantial challenges for the prevention and con-trol of JEV.Currently,there is no specific treatment for JEV.Although some vaccines have been developed to prevent JE,eradicating JEV remains difficult due to its zoonotic transmission cycle and the limited efficacy of the available vaccines.This article reviews the alterations in various TLR signaling pathways induced by JEV infection in the host,aiming to provide insights into the patho-genic mechanisms of JEV and to identify potential new antiviral targets.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)is the pathogen of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS),and its infection mainly causes abortion,stillbirth in sows and piglet respiratory infections,which are widely prevalent in the world and seriously jeopardize the development of the world's animal husbandry industry.PRRSV infection of the host is capable of inducing significant immunosuppression,and in recent years,the study of the mecha-nism of PRRSV immunosuppression has become a hot topic,with studies showing that numerous PRRSV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and elucidating the mecha-nism by which PRRSV proteins modulate host innate immunity.In this paper,we reviewed the progress of research on the interaction mechanism between PRRSV proteins and host innate im-munity to provide a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of PRRSV and the prevention and control of PRRS.

Objective To conduct comprehensive clinical evaluation of injectable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs with different mechanisms of action,and to provide a basis for drug selection and rational drug use in medical institutions.Methods Twenty-two experts in clinical and pharmacological fields were organized to construct a quantitative rating scale for the comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs by applying the literature research method,expert interview method,and Delphi method,through seminars and interviews,and by referring to the real-world clinical data and evidence-based medical evidence such as the Guidelines for the Management of Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs,so as to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of eight injectable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs in terms of six dimensions:effectiveness,safety,economy,appropriateness,accessibility and maturity.Results A comprehensive clinical evaluation index system of injectable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drugs for the treatment of drug-induced liver injury was constructed,including 6 first-level indexes,14 second-level indexes,and 27 third-level indexes,with a total of 100 points.The scoring results showed that among the evaluated varieties,the scores were,in descending order,magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate injection,compound glycyrrhizin injection,polyene phosphatidylcholine injection,reduced glutathione for injection,thiopronin injection,compound ammonium glycyrrhizinate injection,acetylcysteine injection and diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection.Conclusion The constructed quantitative rating scale for comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs is operable,and the evaluation process can provide academic guidance for exploring the standardized path of comprehensive clinical evaluation of drugs,which needs to be applied in combination with the actual drug varieties of the medical institutions as well as the specific conditions of the patients to make individualized therapeutic choices.

Aim To explore the mechanism of ligustil-ide(LIG)improving demyelination by inhibiting in-flammatory response in mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO)through AIM2/caspase-1 signal pathway.Methods Thirty C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(Sham group,n=10),model group(dMCAO group,n=10)and treatment group(LIG group,n=10).The dMCAO mouse model was estab-lished by electrocoagulation in dMCAO group and LIG group.The mice were scored by Longa after waking up,and the changes of cerebral blood flow were moni-tored by laser speckle blood flow imaging system after dMCAO.One hour after modeling,LIG(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)was injected intraperitoneally in LIG group,and the same amount of normal saline was injected in sham group and dMCAO group for one week until the end of the experiment.The mice in each group were stained with TTC,and the brain injury was observed pathologically.Fatigue turning bar test and open field test were used to evaluate the motor function and anxie-ty degree of mice,and then the brain tissues of mice were taken for black gold staining to compare the chan-ges of myelin sheath in each group.Immunofluores-cence staining was used to detect the average fluores-cence intensity of MBP,IBA1 and GFAP in CC,CPU and CX regions of mouse brains.ELISAwas used to de-tect the contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-17A and BDNF in brain tissue proteins of mice.Western blot-ting was used to detect the protein expressions of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC-in each group.Results Compared with the dMCAO group,the infarct area was reduced,the behavior was significantly improved and the demyelination was reduced in the LIG group.The expression of MBP protein in CC,CPU and CX regions increased(P＜0.05),the expression of IBA1 in CX decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression of GFAP in-creased in CC,CPU and CX regions(P＜0.01).The results of ELISA showed that the levels ofTNF-α(P＜0.01),IL-6(P＜0.01),IL-1β(P＜0.05)and IL-17A(P＜0.01)significantly decreased,while the ex-pression of BDNF increased(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of AIM2,caspase-1 and ASC in mouse brain decreased after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion LIG has a protective effect on demyelina-tion in dMCAO mice,which may be related to the inhi-bition of AIM2/caspase-1 signaling pathway and in-flammation and to the promotion of BDNF secretion.

BACKGROUND:Spine osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine,articular ligaments,and tendons,and is the main cause of chronic low back pain.Artificial tiger bone powder has anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving biological effects,so it is expected to provide a new strategy for targeted therapy of spinal osteoarthritis.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of artificial tiger bone meal in regulating the expression level of interleukin-23/interleukin-17 immune axis in improving spine osteoarthritis in rats.METHODS:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,artificial tiger bone meal low-,medium-and high-dose groups,with 12 rats in each group.Except for the blank control group,osteoarthritis models were established in the other groups by injecting 0.1 mL of iodoacetic acid into the joint cavity of the lumbar vertebral joint capsule of the rats.15 days after modeling,the artificial tiger bone meal low,medium and high dose groups were treated by intragastric administration of 120,240 and 480 mg/kg per day respectively.The blank control group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage.After 21 days of treatment,the expression levels of interleukin-17,interleukin-23,matrix metalloproteinase-3,and chemokine receptor-6 in rat spinal articular cartilage were measured by western blot assay.The expression levels of related inflammatory factors in rat serum were detected by ELISA.The degree of joint injury and degeneration in rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin O-fast green staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of western blot assay showed that the expression levels of interleukin 17,interleukin 23,matrix metalloproteinase 3,and chemokine receptor 6 in the articular cartilage of rats in the artificial tiger bone meal high-dose group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P＜0.05).(2)ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the artificial tiger bone meal medium-and high-dose groups had a significant down-regulating effect on the levels of serum interleukin 17,tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,and matrix metalloproteinase 3(P＜0.05).(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining and saffron O-solid green staining showed that the infiltration and proliferation of synovial inflammatory cells in each treatment group of artificial tiger bone meal were significantly improved compared with the model group,and the pathological inflammation Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and Mankin's score in the medium-and high-dose groups of artificial tiger bone meal were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).(4)It is suggested that artificial tiger bone meal could significantly improve the inflammation and degeneration of spinal facet joints caused by iodoacetic acid chemical stimulation.Among them,the effect of the high-dose group was more significant.The mechanism may be to inhibit the expression of interleukin-23/interleukin-17 immune axis-related inflammatory factors and improve the immune microenvironment of articular cartilage.

Objective:To document any effect of repeated high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using double-cone coils on the lower limb motor function of stroke survivors.Methods:A total of 40 stroke survivors were randomly divided into an rTMS group and a sham stimulation group, each of 20. The rTMS group received rTMS at 10Hz with a double-cone coil, while a coil that produced sound but no magnetic stimulation was used with the sham group. The treatments were administered daily, five times a week, for three weeks. Before as well as after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment, lower limb motor function, balance, and the root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Brunnstrom staging, the TecnoBody balance assessment system, and surface electromyography.Results:Compared with the sham stimulation group, the BBS score of the rTMS group was significantly higher after 2 weeks of treatment, and both the FMA-LE and BBS scores were significantly higher after 3 weeks. The average Brunnstrom stage in the sham group had increased significantly after 3 weeks, but in the rTMS group it had increased after 2 weeks. By 3 weeks there were no significant differences between the two groups. In terms of movement control, the average motion ellipse area in the rTMS group was significantly smaller than among the sham group after 2 weeks, and after 3 weeks the average motion trajectory length was significantly shorter than in the sham group. The average RMS of the rectus femoris in the rTMS group was significantly higher than the sham group′s average after 3 weeks of treatment, indicating improved muscle activation.Conclusions:High-frequency rTMS using a conical coil can effectively improve the lower limb motor function and balance ability of stroke survivors, demonstrating promising clinical application potential.