Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors for death within 30 days after admission in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute kidney injury(AKI),and to establish and validate a nomogram prediction model.Methods The Joint Medical Record Management System of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University was used to obtain the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Infectious Diseases from January 2015 to December 2020,among whom 330 patients who met the 2015 International Club of Ascites diagnostic criteria for AKI were enrolled and divided into training group with 193 patients and validation group with 137 patients.A Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the predictive factors for death,and then a nomogram prediction model for the risk of death within 30 days after admission was established and validated.The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,while the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups;The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups,while the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups.The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results The prevalence rate of AKI was 16.5%in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.The 330 patients included in the study had a mean age of 53.6±12.4 years,and male patients accounted for 79.1%.The mortality rate was 50.0%within 30 days after admission,with a mortality rate of 46.6%in the training group and 54.7%in the validation group.The presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)on admission was an independent risk factor for the progression of AKI into stage 1(odds ratio=2.571,95%confidence interval:1.143-5.780,P=0.022).The nomogram based on white blood cell count,international normalized ratio,presence or absence of hepatic encephalopathy,and AKI stage on admission could well predict the risk of death with 30 days after admission,with a C-index of 0.680 in the training group and 0.683 in the validation group,and it was not inferior to CTP score and MELD score.Conclusion ACLF is an independent risk factor for the progression of AKI into stage 1.The nomogram prediction model established in this study can effectively predict the risk of death within 30 days after admission and thus has important guiding significance for the early identification and management of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and AKI.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients with varices complicated by portal vein thrombosis are more likely to experience bleeding, with higher failure rate of hemostasis and rebleeding rate, and the patients receiving liver transplantation may have a poorer prognosis. There are various risk factors for portal vein thrombosis, such as severity of liver dysfunction, use of non-selective beta blockers, and portal vein blood flow velocity. This article reviews the risk factors for portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis, in order to further understand the mechanism and risk level of portal vein thrombosis.

Objective To study the effect of ursolic acid (UA) intervention on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TGF-β1 and its potential mechanism.Methods Primary hepatocytes were extracted from healthy SD rats by in situ perfusion,cultured for 12-24h,then randomly divided into the following groups:blank control group,UA control group (UA 25μmol/L),TGF-β1 group (TGF-β1 2.5ng/ml),UA intervention group (UA 25μmol/L and TGF-β1 2.5ng/ml),DPI intervention group (DPI 0.5μmol/L and TGF-β1 2.5ng/ml).Each group was treated with drugs for corresponding time and their proliferation and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,the expression of CD95 (Fas) mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR,the expression of protein CD95 and membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit p47Phox were analyzed by Western blotting,and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in primary hepatocytes was analyzed with reactive oxygen detection kit.Results UA intervention at 30min before TGF-β1 stimulating hepatocytes markedly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis (63.97 ± 3.19 vs 80.53 ± 1.56,P＜0.01) and promoted hepatocyte proliferation (18.67 ± 1.60 vs 10.83 ± 2.03,P＜0.01).UA intervention notably down-regulated the expressions of CD95 mRNA and protein (1.28 ± 0.15 vs 2.40 ± 0.25,P＜0.01;1.05 ± 0.15 vs 1.37 ± 0.18,P＜0.05),restrained membrane translocation of p47phox (1.13 ± 0.12 vs 1.76 ± 0.22,P＜0.01),and decreased ROS level in primary hepatocytes induced by TGF-β1 (2.12 ± 0.45 vs 3.23 ± 0.53,P＜0.01).Conclusion The mechanism of UA inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TGF-β1 is likely to be that UA intervention reduced hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting NOX activation and decrease generation of ROS so as to down-regulate expression of CD95 in hepatocytes.

Objective Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The purpose of this study was to recognize the clinical characteristics of gastric Dieulafoy and to identify possible predictive factors of rebleeding. Methods Retrospective study of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to Dieulafoy's lesion from January 2009 to June 2016. We analyzed the clinical data and endoscopic findings and the correlated with rebleeding risk factors with Dieulafoy's lesion. Results 111 patients were included in the study, 97 (87.4%) patients were male; the most common location of the bleeding lesions were Proximal stomach of 53 cases (47.7%); According to the Forrest type, 46.8% of the cases were arterial (spurting), 52.3% of the cases were arterial (oozing), there were 101 (91.0%) patients treated by endoscopic combined drug therapy. The success rate of Endoscopic hemostatic treatment was 84.2%, endoscopic hemostatic treatment success rate was as follows: single endoscopic, 85.0%; two endoscopic, 84.8%; three endoscopic, 75.0%. The hemostatic treatment success rate of 101 patients with endoscopic combined drug was as follows: Proximal stomach, 83.7%; mid-stomach, 82.1%; and distal stomach, 88.9%. Age (P = 0.002) and blood transfusion (P = 0.004) were risk factors for rebleeding in the study. Blood transfusion was associated with a higher recurrence rate for bleeding (P = 0.018, OR=37.77, 95% CI = 1.86~766.47) for 101 patients with endoscopic in combination with drug. Conclusion Endoscopic therapy is effective for treating Dieulafoy's lesion. The blood transfusion was associated with a high rate of bleeding recurrence. There were no significant differences between the rebleeding and non-rebleeding groups with respect to bleeding location or hemostatic methods.

Objective To explore effects of shuanghuanglian combined with levofloxacin on antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC29213 to levofloxacin. Methods Tissue cage infection model with Staphylococcus aureus was established in rabbits, and the infected animals were given with levofloxacin alone ( group A ) or in combination with shuanghuanglian ( group B) for 5 days respectively. Steady-state concentration of levofloxacin in tissue cage, bacteria recovery and bacterial resistance in tissue cage infection model were studied. Results Steady-state concentration of levofloxacin in tissue cage was not significantly different between group A and group B. The recovery rate of bacteria was significantly lower in group B than in group A (20. 0% vs. 100. 0%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower in group B than in group A. Conclusion Shuanghuanglian combined with levofloxacin is helpful to reduce antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to levofloxacin, indicating that some Chinese traditional medicine combined with antibiotics can reduce antibiotic resistance.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and esophageal variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) with different hardeners for esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB).Methods Clinical data of 314 patients with EVB were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the endoscopic treatments they have received,i.e.,endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) group (n =112),sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy (EVS1) group (n =48),lauromacrogol sclerotherapy (EVS2) group (n =40),EVL plus sodium morrhuate sclerotherapy (EVLS1) group (n =26) and EVL plus lauromacrogol sclerotherapy (EVLS2) group (n =88).The efficacy,variceal recurrence rate and complication rate were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in efficacy of stop bleeding among 5 groups,which was 85.7％ (96/112) in EVL group,83.3％ (40/48) in EVS1 group,92.5％(37/40) in EVS2 group,92.3％ (24/26) in EVLS1 group and 94.3％ (83/88) in EVLS2 group (P ＞0.05).The complete cure rates in EVLS1 group (88.5％,23/26) and EVLS2 group (87.5％,77/88)were significantly higher than those in 3 other groups (P ＜ 0.05).Rebleeding rates in EVS1 group (18.8％,9/48) and EVL group (11.6％,13/112) were significantly higher than those in other 3 groups (P ＜0.05).The patients were followed up for 6-18 months,and the varices recurrence rate was highest in group EVL (23.2％,26/112) and lowest in EVLS2 (10.2％,9/88,P ＜0.05).The complication rate in group EVS1 (32.2％,49/152) was significantly higher than that in other 4 groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusion EVL plus EVS,either with sodium morrhuate or lauromacrogol EVS is safe and effective for EVB,especially EVL plus Lauromacrogol EVS,may become an optimal therapy to control esophageal variceal bleeding and rebleeding.

Objective To compare the predictive value of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), MELD-Na and Child-Pugh (CP) for rebleeding in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with esophageal varices within 3-month and 1-year. Methods A cohort of 365 decompensated liver cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, who were admitted to hospital between Jan.2003 and Oct.2008, were retroseptively studied and followed up at least for one year. Patients were divided into hyponatremia group and normal group. MELD-Na, MELD and Child-Pugh scores were calculated for each patients on the first day of admission.Receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) and the area under ROC (AUC) were used to determine the ability of three models for predicting rebleeding in 3-month and 1-year. Z-test was used to compare predictive ability of three models. Results At 3-month and 1 year of enrollment, AUC of MELD-Na was 0.825 and 0.842, respectively, whereas AUC of MELD was 0.779 and 0.802, respectively. MELD-Na and MELD were superior to Child-Pugh in rebleeding prediction (0.678 and 0.634, P＜0.05). But there was no significantly difference between MELD-Na and MELD in rebleeding prediction for 3-month and 1-year (P＞ 0.05). Conclusions MELD-Na and MELD are superior to Child-Pugh score in exactly predicting the rebleeding risk in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with esophageal varices. MELD-Na compensates a deficiency of MELD.

Objective To investigate the levels of mieropartieles originated from platelet (PMP),endothelium (EMP),and tissue factor-bearing microparticles (TF+ MP) in diabetes mellitus and to analyze its relationship with diabetic angiopathy.Methods PMP,EMP or TF+ MP were measured in 106 cases of diabetes mellitus and 50 controls by flow eytometry.The differences of EMP between groups of diabetic macrovascular disease and diabetic microvascular disease were determined.Results The levels of EMP in diabetic patients were higher than that in the control(164.20±128.88 vs 63.81±40.84,P<0.05).Diabetic cases with complication showed higher expression level of EMP than those without complications(184.12±152.77,188.21±149.55 vs 138.53±99.87,both P<0.05).However,no distinct increase was observed in PMP and TF+ MP level in diabetes groups compared with control group.Conclusions Endothelial dysfunction,may contribute to the increased level of EMP in patients with diabetes,especially those complicated with vascular diseases.EMP level may be used to evaluate the status of endothelial function and the development of diabetic angiopathy.