AIM To explore the clinical effects of Jiawei Yanghe Decoction combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation on patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma in chronic and persistent period.METHODS One hundred and eighteen patients were randomly assigned into control group(59 cases)for 4-week administration of Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation,and observation group(59 cases)for 4-week administration of both Jiawei Yanghe Decoction and Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation.The changes in clinical effects,ACT score,bronchial asthma control rate,pulmonary function indices(FEV1,PEF,FEV1％,PEF％),inflammatory indices(EOS,EOS％,FeNO),TCM syndrome score and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed increased bronchial asthma control rate,ACT score,PEF(P＜0.05),and decreased TCM syndrome score(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05);the observation group exhibited increased FEV1,FEV1％,PEF％(P＜0.05),among which FEV1,PEF％were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the observation group showed decreased inflammatory indices(P＜0.05),among which FeNO was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma in chronic and persistent period,Jiawei Yanghe Decoction combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation can safely and effectively alleviate clinical symptoms,improve pulmonary functions,airway inflammatory reactions,and enhance bronchial asthma control rate.

Objective: To investigate the regional differences in the incidence of urothelial carcinoma among kidney transplant recipients between northern and southern China，so as to provide reference for early diagnosis of this disease. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases，including CNKI，Wanfang，CBM，and PubMed，using the keywords “kidney transplantation” and “tumor” to collect clinical data from qualified kidney transplant centers.The latest and most complete literature data published by 17 transplant centers in northern China and 14 in southern China were included.Statistical analyses were performed to compare the incidence of post-transplant urothelial carcinoma and non-urothelial malignancies. Results: A total of 37 475 kidney transplant recipients were included，among whom 837 (2.23%) developed post-transplant malignancies，including urothelial carcinoma (366/837，43.73%)，non-urothelial carcinoma (444/837，53.05%)，and malignancies with unspecified pathology (27/837，3.23%).The incidence of malignancies was significantly higher in northern China than in southern China [(2.82±1.39)% vs. (1.67±0.83)%，P=0.011]，with a particularly pronounced difference in the incidence of urothelial carcinoma [(1.68±1.12)% vs. (0.32±0.32)%，P<0.001].No significant difference was observed in the incidence of non-urothelial carcinoma between the two regions [(1.11±0.56)% vs. (1.35±0.65)%，P=0.279].Additionally，female transplant recipients exhibited a higher incidence of malignancies than males in both regions (southern China：2.38% vs. 1.80%; northern China：8.93% vs. 2.52%). Conclusion: The incidence of urothelial carcinoma following kidney transplantation is significantly higher in northern China than in southern China，underscoring the importance of implementing regular tumor screening for kidney transplant recipients，particularly for female patients in northern China，to facilitate early diagnosis and timely intervention.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Jiawei Yanghe Decoction combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation on patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma in chronic and persistent period.METHODS One hundred and eighteen patients were randomly assigned into control group(59 cases)for 4-week administration of Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation,and observation group(59 cases)for 4-week administration of both Jiawei Yanghe Decoction and Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation.The changes in clinical effects,ACT score,bronchial asthma control rate,pulmonary function indices(FEV1,PEF,FEV1％,PEF％),inflammatory indices(EOS,EOS％,FeNO),TCM syndrome score and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed increased bronchial asthma control rate,ACT score,PEF(P＜0.05),and decreased TCM syndrome score(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05);the observation group exhibited increased FEV1,FEV1％,PEF％(P＜0.05),among which FEV1,PEF％were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the observation group showed decreased inflammatory indices(P＜0.05),among which FeNO was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).No significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions was found between the two groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with mild to moderate bronchial asthma in chronic and persistent period,Jiawei Yanghe Decoction combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Powder for Inhalation can safely and effectively alleviate clinical symptoms,improve pulmonary functions,airway inflammatory reactions,and enhance bronchial asthma control rate.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial communities of biting midges and ticks collected from three sites in the Poyang Lake area,namely,Qunlu Practice Base,Peach Blossom Garden,and Huangtong Animal Husbandry,and whether vectors carry any bacterial pathogens that may cause diseases to humans,to provide scientific basis for prospective pathogen discovery and disease prevention and control. Methods Using a metataxonomics approach in concert with full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit(OPU)analysis,we characterized the species-level microbial community structure of two important vector species,biting midges and ticks,including 33 arthropod samples comprising 3,885 individuals,collected around Poyang Lake. Results A total of 662 OPUs were classified in biting midges,including 195 known species and 373 potentially new species,and 618 OPUs were classified in ticks,including 217 known species and 326 potentially new species.Surprisingly,OPUs with potentially pathogenicity were detected in both arthropod vectors,with 66 known species of biting midges reported to carry potential pathogens,including Asaia lannensis and Rickettsia bellii,compared to 50 in ticks,such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and Staphylococcus sciuri.We found that Proteobacteria was the most dominant group in both midges and ticks.Furthermore,the outcomes demonstrated that the microbiota of midges and ticks tend to be governed by a few highly abundant bacteria.Pantoea sp7 was predominant in biting midges,while Coxiella sp1 was enriched in ticks.Meanwhile,Coxiella spp.,which may be essential for the survival of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann,were detected in all tick samples.The identification of dominant species and pathogens of biting midges and ticks in this study serves to broaden our knowledge associated to microbes of arthropod vectors. Conclusion Biting midges and ticks carry large numbers of known and potentially novel bacteria,and carry a wide range of potentially pathogenic bacteria,which may pose a risk of infection to humans and animals.The microbial communities of midges and ticks tend to be dominated by a few highly abundant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction(TD)in malignant tumor patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).Methods A total of 157 cancer patients who were hospitalized and received ICIs treatment in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from January 2019 to June 2022 were collected and divided into the normal thyroid function group and abnormal thyroid function group based on whether TD had occurred.Fifty-eight patients with the normal thyroid function and 58 patients with the abnormal thyroid function were selected,and 58 healthy adults who underwent the physical examination in our hospital were randomly selected as the control group.The baseline data on the gender,age,tumor and ICIs type,history of surgery before medication,history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and the related indicators of liver and kidney function,blood lipids,thyroid hormone levels and so on were collected.The relevant indicators of the three groups were statistically analyzed,and the normal thyroid function group and abnormal thyroid function group were compared to evaluate the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of TD caused by ICIs.Results 1.Among 157 patients treated with ICIs,58 cases(36.9%)had thyroid dysfunction,including 39 cases of hypothyroidism(including subclinical hypothyroidism),9 cases of hyperthyroidism(including subclinical hyperthyroidism),and 10 cases of pure related antibody abnormality.2.The analysis of the data of the normal thyroid function group,the abnormal thyroid function group and the control group showed that the age,thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),and thyroid function of the three groups were significantly different.TSH)baseline level,free triiodothyronine(FT3)baseline level and aspartate transaminase(AST)baseline level were statistically different(P<0.05).There were significant differences in TSH baseline and radiotherapy history between the normal thyroid function group and the abnormal thyroid function group(P<0.05);Multivariate analysis showed that the radiotherapy history(OR=7.291,95% CI= 1.579-33.663,P<.05),baseline TSH level(OR=3.917,95% CI= 1.697-9.038,P<0.05)were the independent risk factors for thyroid dysfunction in cancer patients after ICIs treatment.Conclusion Hypothyroidism is the most common type of TD caused by ICIs in cancer patients.The baseline TSH level and the history of radiotherapy are the independent risk factors for thyroid dysfunction.

Background: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) at diagnosis in Korea. Methods: This was a multicenter, registry-based, inception cohort study conducted in Korea between 2021 and 2023. Children and adolescents newly diagnosed with UC < 18 years were included. Baseline clinicodemographics, results from laboratory, endoscopic exams, and Paris classification factors were collected, and associations between factors at diagnosis were investigated. Results: A total 205 patients with UC were included. Male-to-female ratio was 1.59:1, and the median age at diagnosis was 14.7 years (interquartile range 11.9–16.2). Disease extent of E1 comprised 12.2% (25/205), E2 24.9% (51/205), E3 11.2% (23/205), and E4 51.7% (106/205) of the patients. S1 comprised 13.7% (28/205) of the patients. The proportion of patients with a disease severity of S1 was significantly higher in patients with E4 compared to the other groups (E1: 0% vs. E2: 2% vs. E3: 0% vs. E4: 24.5%, P < 0.001). Significant differences between disease extent groups were also observed in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (median 25 vs. 35 vs. 40 vs. 45, respectively, P < 0.001), hemoglobin (median 13.5 vs.13.2 vs. 11.6 vs. 11.4 g/dL, respectively, P < 0.001), platelet count (median 301 vs. 324 vs. 372 vs. 377 × 103 /μL, respectively, P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (median 0.05 vs. 0.10 vs. 0.17 vs. 0.38 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.001), and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (median 4 vs. 4 vs. 4 vs. 5, respectively, P = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in factors between groups divided according to sex and diagnosis age. Conclusion This study represents the largest multicenter pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort in Korea. Disease severity was associated with disease extent in pediatric patients with UC at diagnosis.

Background/Aims: The recent update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease initiative has added normal growth in children as an intermediate target in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. We aimed to investigate factors associated with reaching midparental height (MPH) in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and the adolescent period. Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study included pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease that had reached adult height. Factors associated with reaching MPH were investigated by logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 166 patients were included in this study (128 Crohn’s disease and 38 ulcerative colitis). Among them, 54.2% (90/166) had reached their MPH. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that height Z-score at diagnosis and MPH Z-score were independently associated with reaching MPH (odds ratio [OR], 8.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.44 to 17.90;p<0.001 and OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.24; p<0.001, respectively). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cutoff level of "height Z-score at diagnosis minus MPH Z-score" that was associated with reaching MPH was –0.01 with an area under the curve of 0.889 (95% CI [0.835 to 0.944], sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 84.2%, positive predictive value 87.0%, negative predictive value 86.5%, p<0.001). Conclusions Height Z-score at diagnosis and MPH Z-score were the only factors associated with reaching MPH. Efforts should be made to restore growth in pediatric patients who present with a negative “height Z-score at diagnosis minus MPH Z-score.”

Objective To investigate the correlation between coagulation function and peripheral arterial plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 269 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology of our hospital from May to Aug. 2022 were enrolled and divided into carotid plaque group (131 cases) and non-carotid plaque group (138 cases),or lower extremity arterial plaque group (134 cases) and non-lower extremity arterial plaque group (135 cases). General data and coagulation function indexes of the patients between groups were compared. Independent influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with peripheral arterial plaques were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results Compared with the non-carotid plaque group,the fibrinogen level was significantly higher in the carotid plaque group (3.15[2.79,3.79]g/L vs 2.99[2.66,3.42]g/L,P=0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinogen was an independent risk factor of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (odds ratio=1.338,95％ confidence interval 1.061-2.078,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in coagulation function indexes between the lower extremity arterial plaque and non-lower extremity arterial plaque groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion There are different correlations between peripheral arterial plaques in different parts and coagulation function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients;those with carotid plaque have higher fibrinogen level,and fibrinogen is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque after controlling other confounding factors;however,there is no correlation between lower extremity arterial plaque and coagulation function indexes.

Objective To design a pressure reading system for splinting distal radius fractures to enable real-time monitoring of splint fixation pressure.Methods A pressure reading system for splinting distal radius fractures was developed with the components of a main contrl unit,a pressure and temperature acquisition unit and a power management unit.The main control unit had a STC15 series SCM as the main control chip,and the pressure and temperature acquisition unit was realized with a FSR400 thin film pressure sensor and a DS18B20 digital temperature measurement chip.The software of the system was developed with C language.The system developed was used to test the magnitude and distribution of the pressure on the splints by applying loads on the fixation straps at 90°,60° and 30° directions to the willow splint and 3D printing splint,respectively,with the total mass of the loads increased from 600 g to 1 200 g and each test repeated by 6 times.Results The system developed was capable of collecting the pressure values at real time and showed them on the display screen.The maximum pressure always occurred at the the connection between the fixation straps and the edge of the splints and the middle parts of the splints were subject to relatively low pressure in case of different loads,when the fixation straps were 90°,60° and 30° to the willow splint and 3D printing splint respectively.The maximum pressure on the willow splint was(239.17±4.49)g when the fixation strap was 90° to the splint and loaded with 1 200 g;the minimum pressure on the willow splint was(89.83±17.38)g when the fixation strap was 60° to the splint and loaded with 600 g.The maximum pressure on the 3D printing splint was(177.67±21.77)g when the fixation strap was 90° to the splint and loaded with 1 100 g;the minimum pressure was(66.50±3.02)g for the 3D printing splint when the fixation strap was 30° to the splint and loaded with 600 g.Conclusion The ssystem developed can read pressure values of the splint under different loads and angles,and the 3D printing splint behaves better than the willow splint in the evenness of pressure distribution.Theoretical references are provided for quantitative clinical treatment with splint fixation.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(8):44-50]

Background: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) at diagnosis in Korea. Methods: This was a multicenter, registry-based, inception cohort study conducted in Korea between 2021 and 2023. Children and adolescents newly diagnosed with UC < 18 years were included. Baseline clinicodemographics, results from laboratory, endoscopic exams, and Paris classification factors were collected, and associations between factors at diagnosis were investigated. Results: A total 205 patients with UC were included. Male-to-female ratio was 1.59:1, and the median age at diagnosis was 14.7 years (interquartile range 11.9–16.2). Disease extent of E1 comprised 12.2% (25/205), E2 24.9% (51/205), E3 11.2% (23/205), and E4 51.7% (106/205) of the patients. S1 comprised 13.7% (28/205) of the patients. The proportion of patients with a disease severity of S1 was significantly higher in patients with E4 compared to the other groups (E1: 0% vs. E2: 2% vs. E3: 0% vs. E4: 24.5%, P < 0.001). Significant differences between disease extent groups were also observed in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (median 25 vs. 35 vs. 40 vs. 45, respectively, P < 0.001), hemoglobin (median 13.5 vs.13.2 vs. 11.6 vs. 11.4 g/dL, respectively, P < 0.001), platelet count (median 301 vs. 324 vs. 372 vs. 377 × 103 /μL, respectively, P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (median 0.05 vs. 0.10 vs. 0.17 vs. 0.38 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.001), and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (median 4 vs. 4 vs. 4 vs. 5, respectively, P = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in factors between groups divided according to sex and diagnosis age. Conclusion This study represents the largest multicenter pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort in Korea. Disease severity was associated with disease extent in pediatric patients with UC at diagnosis.