ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect and mechanism of Gegen Qianliantang （GQT） on intestinal mucosal barrier function in dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced ulcerative colitis （UC） model mice. MethodsA UC model was established in C57BL/6 mice using a 2.5% DSS solution. Mice were randomly divided into five groups （n=8 per group）： blank group， model group， mesalazine sustained-release granule group （0.52 g·kg^-1）， high-dose GQT group （2.23 g·kg^-1）， and low-dose GQT group （1.12 g·kg^-1）. Fecal characteristics and body weight changes were observed before and after treatment. The body weight loss and disease activity index （DAI） of UC mice were calculated to evaluate symptom severity. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Alizarin blue-periodic acid-Schiff （AB-PAS） staining were used to detect histological changes in colon tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of zonula occludens-1 （ZO-1） and mucin 2 （MUC2）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， IL-17A， and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Flow cytometry was used to detect the activation of helper T lymphocyte subsets （Th1， Th17）， regulatory T cells （Treg）， and regulatory B cells （Breg） in spleen and colon tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of T-bet， forkhead box protein P3（FoxP3）， nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB p65， phosphorylated NF-κB p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）， and phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3）. ResultsCompared with the model group， both high- and low-dose GQT groups significantly improved the body weight loss and DAI scores （P<0.05）， alleviated colonic inflammation， and showed optimal efficacy in the high-dose group. AB-PAS staining showed that compared with the model group， both the high- and low-dose GQT groups significantly increased goblet cell proliferation and mucin secretion， indicating improved mucosal barrier function. GQT upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and MUC2 in colon tissue （P<0.05）， suppressed IFN-γ， IL-6， and TNF-α secretion （P<0.05）， elevated IL-10 secretion （P<0.05）， but had no significant effect on IL-17A. At the same time， high- and low-dose GQT intervention increased the activation of CD4⁺ FoxP3⁺ Treg cells （P<0.05） and suppressed activation of CD4⁺ IFN-γ⁺ Th1 cells （P<0.05）. Western blot showed that GQT downregulated T-bet， NF-κB p65， and STAT3 protein expression （P<0.05）， upregulated FoxP3 （P<0.05）， and also reduced phosphorylation levels of p-NF-κB p65 and p-STAT3 （P<0.05）. ConclusionGQT can upregulate the activation of CD4⁺ FoxP3⁺ Treg cells， reduce the activation of CD4⁺ IFN-γ⁺ Th1 cells， inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ， IL-6， and TNF-α， and increase the secretion of IL-10. It enhances the expression of MUC2 and ZO-1 in colon tissue， thereby alleviating inflammatory damage to the intestinal mucosa and restoring mucosal barrier integrity. These effects may be related to its regulation of NF-κB p65 and STAT3 signaling pathways， ultimately regulating the activation of transcription factors T-bet and FoxP3.

Objective To explore the relationship between disease risk perception and objective risk in stroke risk population,and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of stroke.Methods From February to May 2023,560 residents who participated in medical examinations in 2 community health service centers of Zhengzhou and Luohe were selected as respondents.The objective risk of stroke was assessed,and the general data questionnaire and Risk Perception Questionnaire for People at High Risk of Stroke were used for investigation.Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the correlation and the dose-response relationship between disease risk perception and objective stroke risk.Results A total of 542 effective questionnaires were collected.The detection rate of stroke high-risk groups was 48.71％.Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors,the objective risk of stroke in the general population and in different gender stratification decreased first and then increased with the increase of the level of disease risk perception.The results of the restricted cubic spline showed that the disease risk perception and objective risk of stroke in the total population and gender stratification showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship(P nonlinear＜0.05),and the curve showed a"U"type change.The disease risk perception score of 90.0～110.0 was the protective factor of objective risk of stroke.Conclusion The objective risk of stroke decreases first and then increases with the increase of the perceived risk.Medical staff should maintain individual disease risk perception within the appropriate level,and pay attention to the difference in disease risk perception of different gender groups to implement targeted risk communication strategies,so as to promote the development of healthy behaviors and reduce the incidence of stroke.

Objective To review the application scope of risk communication based on eHealth technology in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases,so as to provide references for future research and application.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,CNKI,Wanfang database,and SinoMed.The search time limit was from the establishment of databases to March 1,2024.The included literature was summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 24 articles were included.The forms of eHealth technology applied in risk communication for primary prevention of cardiovascular include online websites,computerized decision support systems,electronic health records,mobile applications,email,telephone,and text messages.The functions include risk assessment,risk notification,personalized advice,risk tracking and reminders.The outcome indicators include risk perception,physiological indicators,lifestyle and behavior,psychological indicators,feasibility evaluation,decision correlation,doctor-patient communication,intention,risk score,and physician drug prescription.Conclusion The use of eHealth technology in risk communication of cardiovascular diseases has potential value in improving patients'risk perception and promoting healthy behaviors.It is necessary to continuously improve the functions of eHealth technology and enhance its precision and intelligence,so as to better meet the needs of medical staff and patients and promote the efficient implementation of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To investigate the value of targeted three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound（3D-tCEUS）in efficacy evaluation of non-surgical treatments for renal cell carcinoma（RCC）.Methods:Forty nude mice with subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of human RCC（786-O cells）were divided into four groups based on different treatment methods：control，thermal ablation（TA），sunitinib（Suni），and TA+Suni. 3D-tCEUS were performed on days 1，3，7，and 14 post-treatment using self-developed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2）targeted microbubbles. Tumor overall volume（V T）and non-enhanced volume（V N）were measured，from which the volume of the active（enhanced）region was calculated as V A = V T - V N. The tumor total and active area volume was standardized as V T st and V A st（standardized tumor volume = tumor volume after treatment / tumor volume at the beginning of treatment）. Tumor growth curves were plotted and tumor inhibition rates calculated for V T and V A respectively. Quantitative parameters，including the area under the curve（AUC）and the difference in peak intensity before and after burst（dTE），were obtained from the viable tumor enhanced region，and the standardized targeted quantitative parameters were derived by calculating the ratios of parameters at various time points post-treatment to those pre-treatment. The differences in V T st，V A st，AUC and dTE between different treatment groups at different time points were compared. At the end of the experiment，tumor tissues were obtained for immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of VEGFR2 and CD31 antigens. Results:During the treatment period，no statistically significant differences in weight changes were observed among groups（all P > 0.05）. When V T was taken as the research object，V T st increased across all groups during the treatment period，with the TA group showing the most significant growth，while the TA + Suni group exhibited the smoothest increase in growth curve. When analyzing the tumor enhanced region，tumor growth trend of V A st was different with V T st for all groups；the Suni group showed a slow upward trend，whereas the TA + Suni group showed a continuous decline. Significant differences in tumor inhibition rate originated from V T and V A were noted within the same experimental group（ P < 0.05 for all experimental groups）. One day post-treatment，the AUC and dTE of the TA group were higher than that of the Control group，while the dTE of the TA + Suni group was lower than that of the Control group（all P < 0.05）. By day 3，statistically significant differences in AUC and dTE were observed between each experimental group and Control groups（all P < 0.05）. At day 14，the TA group showed increased AUC and dTE compared with those before treatment，while all other groups，particularly Suni group and TA + Suni group，demonstrated significant reductions（all P < 0.05）. Immunohistochemical results revealed the highest VEGFR2 and CD31 positivity in the TA group，followed by the Control group，while the Suni and TA + Suni groups exhibited lower rates. Conclusions:The combination of TA and targeted therapy effectively induces RCC cells death，demonstrating superior efficacy compared to monotherapy. 3D-tCEUS serves as a accurate and reliable tool for early evaluating the efficacy of non-surgical RCC treatments.

Bronchial asthma(asthma)is a chronic respiratory disease with complex etiology.Because of increasing application of heavy metals in human society,human exposure to heavy metals is a challenge to public health.This review summarizes recent studies to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of heavy metal exposure on asthma in chil-dren.Results of researches have showed that heavy metal exposure resulted in production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to induce oxidative stress,enhancement of the level of inflammatory cytokines,promoting airway inflamma-tory response and airway remodeling and thus aggravating the occurrence and development of asthma.Further study on these effects may lead to the development of clinical guidance for asthma management.

OBJECTIVE To establish a population pharmacokinetic(PopPK)model to predict the PK characteristics of GLS-010 in humans.METHODS Fifty-eight cynomolgus monkeys were used,18 of which were randomly divided into three groups and received a single intravenous infusion of GLS-010 at doses of 2,6,and 18 mg·kg-1,respectively.The rest were randomly assigned to four groups and received multiple intravenous infusions of GLS-010 at doses of 0,5,25,and 100 mg·kg-1,respectively,once a week(quaque week,qw)for five consecutive weeks.Blood samples were collected before and after administration.The concentrations of GLS-010 in the monkey serum were measured using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while those of anti-drug antibodies(ADA)in the cynomolgus monkey serum were determined by ultra-sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.The PK data on GLS-010 in cynomolgus monkeys was obtained,and the drug-time curves were plotted.A PopPK model was constructed using non-compartmental analysis and evaluated by goodness-of-fit plots and visual predictive checks.The constructed PopPK model was used to predict the PK characteristics in humans,which were finally compared with actual Phase Ⅰ clinical study results for validation.RESULTS The predictive results of the PopPK model were highly consistent with the actual Phase Ⅰ clinical study results.The model was able to predict the human PK characteristics under various dosing regimens,including 1 mg·kg-1 quaque 2 weeks(q2w),4 mg·kg-1(q2w),240 mg(q2w),240 mg(q3w),and 10 mg·kg-1(q2w).The predicted maximum plasma concentrations(Cmax)were 24.8,99.1,85.0,85.0,and 247.8 mg·L-1,respectively,and the AUC0-336h was 4 902.0,20 060.0,17 147.7,22 145.7(AUC0-504h),and 50 817.6 mg·h·L-1,respectively.The safety risks for the corresponding dosing regimens were 47.3,11.6,13.5,10.5,and 4.6,respectively.The predicted receptor occupancy at steady state(ROss)at Cmax,average plasma concentration(Cavg),and minimum plasma concentration(Cmin)were 38.8％,72.7％,69.4％,64.1％and 87.2％,29.1％,63.8％,60.0％,49.8％and 82.1％,21.9％,55.5％,51.3％,36.3％and 76.7％,respectively.CONCLUSION The PopPK model can effectively predict the human PK characteristics under different dosing regimens with high consistency with actual Phase Ⅰ clinical study results,which can serve as an important reference for selection of safe and effective doses for first-in-human research.

The receptor-binding region(RBD)of the spike protein(S)on the surface of porcine epi-demic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a critical structural domain mediating viral invasion of host cells and serves as a key target for inducing neutralizing antibodies.In order to prepare antibodies that can be used to study the biological function of PEDV RBD and develop novel diagnostic and thera-peutic methods,recombinant RBD protein expressed in Sf9 insect cells was utilized as an immuno-gen to immunize BALB/c mice.Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)were generated via hybridoma tech-nology,and positive hybridoma clones were screened using indirect ELISA.The reactivity of the mAbs was subsequently characterized.The results of ELISA,Western blot,and indirect immuno-fluorescence assay(IFA)showed that three monoclonal antibodies screened(3E5,4F9 and 5A5)had good reactivity with the virus and RBD protein.Antibody subtype results showed that 3E5 and 4F9 were of IgG1 subtypes and 5A5 was of IgM subtype.Neutralization assay further revealed that 3E5 monoclonal antibody had viral neutralizing activity.In this study,three monoclonal antibodies against PEDV RBD proteins were successfully prepared,providing the basis for the study of the bi-ological function of RBD proteins,PEDV serologic detection and vaccine development.

Objective To analyze the basic characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary hospi-tal from 2014 to 2023,and provide references for the prevention,treatment,management,and quality control of this disease.Methods Based on the data from the medical records of patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 1,2014,to December 31,2023,the basic characteristics of hospitalized patients and trends in hospitalization costs were analyzed to summarize the development patterns.Results Over the past decade,the number of hospitalized patients with a-cute myocardial infarction has been increasing,while the average length of hospital stay,average cost per hospitalization,and mortality rate have been decreasing.Among the 19 937 patients,there were 16 037 male patients(80.44％)and 3 900 female patients(19.56％),with a male-to-female ratio of 4.11∶1.The median age for male patients was 60 years,while for female patients it was 68 years,indicating that males tend to develop the disease approximately 10 years earlier than females.Among pa-tients aged 60 and above,the mortality rate is positively correlated with age,while among patients below 60,the mortality rate is negatively correlated with age.The decision to undergo surgery has a significant impact on hospitalization costs.From the per-spective of cost structure,the proportion of consumables has decreased from 69.81％to 54.60％in the past decade but remains relatively high.Conclusion With the advancement of hospital management and medical insurance policies,the diagnosis,treat-ment,and quality of care for acute myocardial infarction have significantly improved.However,consumables management remains a key focus.Men and individuals aged 50 and above should be given special attention.During the diagnosis and treatment process,greater attention should also be given to younger or older patients and female patients to reduce the mortality rate.

Objective To explore the relationship between disease risk perception and objective risk in stroke risk population,and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of stroke.Methods From February to May 2023,560 residents who participated in medical examinations in 2 community health service centers of Zhengzhou and Luohe were selected as respondents.The objective risk of stroke was assessed,and the general data questionnaire and Risk Perception Questionnaire for People at High Risk of Stroke were used for investigation.Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the correlation and the dose-response relationship between disease risk perception and objective stroke risk.Results A total of 542 effective questionnaires were collected.The detection rate of stroke high-risk groups was 48.71％.Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors,the objective risk of stroke in the general population and in different gender stratification decreased first and then increased with the increase of the level of disease risk perception.The results of the restricted cubic spline showed that the disease risk perception and objective risk of stroke in the total population and gender stratification showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship(P nonlinear＜0.05),and the curve showed a"U"type change.The disease risk perception score of 90.0～110.0 was the protective factor of objective risk of stroke.Conclusion The objective risk of stroke decreases first and then increases with the increase of the perceived risk.Medical staff should maintain individual disease risk perception within the appropriate level,and pay attention to the difference in disease risk perception of different gender groups to implement targeted risk communication strategies,so as to promote the development of healthy behaviors and reduce the incidence of stroke.

Objective To review the application scope of risk communication based on eHealth technology in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases,so as to provide references for future research and application.Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,CNKI,Wanfang database,and SinoMed.The search time limit was from the establishment of databases to March 1,2024.The included literature was summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 24 articles were included.The forms of eHealth technology applied in risk communication for primary prevention of cardiovascular include online websites,computerized decision support systems,electronic health records,mobile applications,email,telephone,and text messages.The functions include risk assessment,risk notification,personalized advice,risk tracking and reminders.The outcome indicators include risk perception,physiological indicators,lifestyle and behavior,psychological indicators,feasibility evaluation,decision correlation,doctor-patient communication,intention,risk score,and physician drug prescription.Conclusion The use of eHealth technology in risk communication of cardiovascular diseases has potential value in improving patients'risk perception and promoting healthy behaviors.It is necessary to continuously improve the functions of eHealth technology and enhance its precision and intelligence,so as to better meet the needs of medical staff and patients and promote the efficient implementation of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.