Background: As of 2024, approximately 39 million people worldwide are living with HIV, and approximately 1.3 million new infections are registered annually. In terms of human resources, there is an insufficient supply of doctors and specialists specializing in infectious diseases, and in some regions the workload per doctor is 1.5–2 times higher than the national average. Aim: To assess the current status of the structure and accessibility of human resources for STD, HIV, and AIDS care and services. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design using quantitative and qualitative research methods. The “SARA-Service Availability and Readiness” standard questionnaire developed by WHO was used to assess the availability, type, location, and accessibility of STD, HIV, and AIDS care and services. The results of the study were processed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The current status of human resources providing STD, HIV, and AIDS care and services nationwide. A total of 56 STD, HIV, and AIDS doctors, 37 nurses, 10 junior doctors, 3 counselors, 16 senior laboratory doctors, and 33 laboratory technicians are working. The doctor-nurse ratio is 1:0.66. The average number of doctors and nurses working in the field of STDs, HIV, and AIDS is 0.21 per 10,000 population. The average number of doctors, junior doctors, and nurses providing STDs, HIV, and AIDS care and services per 10,000 population is 0.20. Provinces with a number of doctors, junior doctors, and nurses providing STDs, HIV, and AIDS care and services per 10,000 population is less than 0.10, which are provinces that do not have a qualified senior doctor or no doctor at all, that have a doctor but are not qualified but work alongside other doctors, and that do not have junior doctors or nurses. Six out of 21 provinces, or 29 percent, fall into the category of less than 0.10. The national STD, HIV, and AIDS care and services access index is 54.8. Conclusion When calculating the index of access to STD, HIV, and AIDS care and services based on indicators such as human resource adequacy and availability of clinics, access to care and services is poor.

Introduction: Delayed or wrong diagnosis in patients with appendicitis can result in perforation and consequently increased morbidity and mortality. Serum total bilirubin may be a useful marker for appendiceal perforation. The aim of this study was to determine and compare pre-operative total bilirubin level and other diagnostic tools (patient age, duration of symptoms, Alvarado score, white blood cell, C-reactive protein, ultrasound and contrast enchanced CT scan) in cases of acute appendicitis in order to improve the clinical decision making. Materialsand methods: We identified 102 patient with acute appendicitis after excluding those with other causes of hyperbilirubinemia among the 180 patients that underwent a laparoscopic or an open appendectomy from June, 2011 to March, 2015 in UB Songdo Private Hospital. These cases were also subjected to liver function tests and clinical diagnosis was confirmed perioperatively and postoperatively by histopathological examination. According to histological results, these cases were classified two groups: positive(acute appendicitis with perforation and/or gangrene) and negative(acute appendicitis without perforation or gangrene). Their clinical and investigative data were compiled and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t test, Chi square test, and direct logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P< 0.05. Results: Serum total bilirubin was found to be significantly increased(1,5mg/dL) in case of negative group and much higher (3,6mg/dL) in cases of positive group (P <0.001). The level of total bilirubin was higher than 3 mg/dL in cases of gangrenous/ perforated appendicitis while in cases with acute appendicitis it was lower than 3 mg/ dL. Also Alvarado score (P <0.01), C-reactive protein (P <0.001) and contrast enchanced CT scan (P <0.05) were statistically significant diagnostic tools for acute appendicitis. Conclusion: Assessment of preoperative total bilirubin is useful for the differential diagnosis of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis.

Introduction: Delayed or wrong diagnosisin patients with appendicitis can result inperforation and consequently increasedmorbidity and mortality. Serum total bilirubinmay be a useful marker for appendicealperforation. The aim of this study wasto determine and compare pre-operativetotal bilirubin level and other diagnostictools (patient age, duration of symptoms,Alvarado score, white blood cell, C-reactiveprotein, ultrasound and contrast enchancedCT scan) in cases of acute appendicitis inorder to improve the clinical decision making.Materialsand methods: We identified102 patient with acute appendicitis afterexcluding those with other causes ofhyperbilirubinemia among the 180 patientsthat underwent a laparoscopic or an openappendectomy from June, 2011 to March,2015 in UB Songdo Private Hospital.These cases were also subjected toliver function tests and clinical diagnosiswas confirmed perioperatively and postoperativelyby histopathological examination.According to histological results, these caseswere classified two groups: positive(acuteappendicitis with perforation and/organgrene) and negative(acute appendicitiswithout perforation or gangrene). Theirclinical and investigative data were compiledand analyzed. Statistical analysis wasperformed using independent sample t test,Chi square test, and direct logistic regression.The level of significance was set at P< 0.05.Results: Serum total bilirubin was foundto be significantly increased(1,5mg/dL) incase of negative group and much higher(3,6mg/dL) in cases of positive group (P<0.001). The level of total bilirubin washigher than 3 mg/dL in cases of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis while in cases withacute appendicitis it was lower than 3 mg/dL. Also Alvarado score (P <0.01), C-reactiveprotein (P <0.001) and contrast enchanced CTscan (P <0.05) were statistically significantdiagnostic tools for acute appendicitis.Conclusion: Assessment of preoperativetotal bilirubin is useful for the differentialdiagnosis of gangrenous/perforatedappendicitis.