The result of determination of some risk factors of hearing loss, deafness in neonates and infants Background: Newborns born prematurely or with high risk for hearing loss are 10 times more likely to develop hearing loss than well babies. Also, 1 out of 50 newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit are at risk of hearing loss. The risk factors of hearing loss and deafness in children was first developed and tracked by Joint Committee on Infant Hearing in 1972, and has been further refined and updated since then. The last update was made in 2007 and used worldwide. The risk factors of hearing loss for children vary by age. Materials and methods: A case-control study was performed to identify some risk factors for the development of hearing loss and deafness in neonates and infants. The research case group included all the cases in which the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss or deafness was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response test (ABR) in the 3 stages of the study or the stage of diagnosis confirmation, while the control group included infants whose diagnosis was not confirmed and normal hearing was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response test (ABR). The study groups were selected in 1:1 ratio. Results: The perinatal disorders (OR 7.67; 95% CI; 3.61-16.34; p=<0.0001), genetic predisposition (OR 8.45; 95% CI; 1.04-68.46; p=0.045), PCOS (OR 2.85; 95% CI; 1.27-6.41; p=0.011), premature birth (OR 3.90; 95% CI; 1.27-6.41; p=<0.0001), hearing of children with congenital malformations (OR 16.55; 95% CI; 2.15-127.01; p=0.007) reduction and deafness are statistically significant. Conclusion: The perinatal disorders (OR 5.31), genetic factors (OR 10.01), congenital malformations (OR 2.65), ear disorders (OR 8.94), and premature birth (OR 2.57) are statistically significant factors in the development of hearing loss and deafness in neonates and infants.

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of ROP screening of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a prospective of prematurity infants screened ROP from 2020 April 13th to April 28th 2020 and from 2020 June 08 th to June 22th 2020 and prospective cohort study of premature infants with treatment-requiring ROP who received intravitreal injections, laser surgery. Demographic factors, diagnosis and clinical course were recorded. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retinal imaging was performed using RetCam (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA) and images were taken. Each eye was evaluated by the pediatric ophthalmologist and aimag’s ophthalmologist for the presence or absence of ROP, zone of vascularization, stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP). The diagnosis and classification of ROP for this current study were determined by examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and treatment plans were determined according to the International Classification for ROP and the Early Treatment for ROP Study (ET-ROP).^2,13 Results: A total of 90 premature infants with BW ≤ 2000g and/or GA ≤ 34 weeks were screened for ROP during the study period. 8 (8.8%) of the 90 infants screened required treatment. The 8 infants who received ROP treatment had a mean GA of 28.5 ± 1.7 weeks, mean BW of 1237.5 ± 125.42g, mean PMA of 36 weeks and mean follow-up time of 2 months. Conclusion After treatment, resolution of ROP was noted in approximately 100 % of the patients who had treatment-requiring ROP.

Outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity screening Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding eye disorder that primarily affects premature infants weighing about 1250 grams or less that are born before 31 weeks of gestation (a full-term pregnancy has a gestation of 38-42 weeks). The smaller a baby is at birth, the more likely that baby is to develop ROP. This disorder — which usually develops in both eyes — is one of the most common causes of visual loss in childhood and can lead to lifelong vision impairment and blindness. ROP was first diagnosed in 1942. Our goal was to investigate the outcomes of ROP screening of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Materials and methods :This was a prospective of prematurity infants screened ROP from 2020 April 13th to April 28th 2020 and from 2020 June 08 th to June 22th 2020 and prospective cohort study of premature infants with treatment-requiring ROP who received intravitreal injections, laser surgery. Diagnosis and clinical course were recorded. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retinal imaging was performed using RetCam (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA) and images were taken. Each eye was evaluated by the pediatric ophthalmologist and aimag's ophthalmologist for the presence or absence of ROP, zone of vascularization, stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP). The diagnosis and classification of ROP for this current study were determined by examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and treatment plans were determined according to the International Classification for ROP and the Early Treatment for ROP Study (ET-ROP). Results: A total of 90 premature infants with BW ≤ 2000g and/or GA ≤ 34 weeks were screened for ROP during the study period. 8 (8.8%) of the 90 infants screened required treatment. The 8 infants who received ROP treatment had a mean GA of 28.5 $ 1.7 weeks, mean BW of 1237.5 $ 125.42g, mean PMA of 36 weeks and mean follow-up time of 2 months. Conclusions: After treatment, resolution of ROP was noted in approximately 100 % of the patients who had treatment-requiring ROP

Outcomes of the retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment in Mongolia Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease characterized by abnormal retinal vasculature that can have devastating visual consequences. Despite evidence that early detection and treatment can prevent blindness, ROP remains a leading cause of pediatric blindness worldwide. We aimed at investigating the outcomes of ROP screening, intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and laser surgery in the treatment ROP and describe an evidence-based and specific process for identifying birth weight and gestational age screening guidelines in Mongolia utilizing telemedicine. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective of prematurity infants screened ROP from 2012 September to July 2020 and prospective cohort study of premature infants with treatment-requiring ROP who received intravitreal injections, laser surgery and combined therapy from 2015 December 01 to January 31, 2017. Demographic factors, diagnosis and clinical course were recorded in a de-identified manner using REDCap, a secure, web-based platform to collect image and demographic data. The IRB approved the study protocol not requiring parental consent due to the de-identified nature of the data which was used for program monitoring purposes. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and Retinal imaging was performed using RetCam (Natus Medical, Pleasanton, CA) and images were uploaded to the web-based platform which could be accessed by the Mongolian ophthalmologist for reference. Each eye was evaluated by the local Mongolian ophthalmologist for the presence or absence of ROP, zone of vascularization, stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP). The diagnosis and classification of ROP for this current study were determined by examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and treatment plans were determined according to the International Classification for ROP and the Early Treatment for ROP Study (ET-ROP).2,13 Regression analysis to determine association between BW and GA and the development of ROP. Results: A total of 9126 premature infants with BW ≤ 2500 g and/or GA ≤ 36 weeks were screened for ROP during the study period. 327 (3.5%) of the 9126 infants screened required treatment. The193 infants who received ROP screening had a mean GA of 30.09 ± 1.7 weeks, and mean BW of 1500.3 ± 125.42g. The BW of infants in this study ranged from 750g to 2000g, and the GA at birth ranged from 25 to 35 weeks. The BW of infants in this study ranged from 750g to 2000g, and the GA at birth ranged from 25 to 35 weeks. There were 96 boys (49.7%) and 97 girls (50.3%). Among infants receiving treatment, the highest BW was 2000g (born at 31 weeks GA), and the oldest was 34 weeks (with a BW of 1300g). The distribution of birth weight and gestational age in Mongolia was similar to other low-middle income countries, with higher birth weight and older gestational age. As birth weight and gestational age decreased, relative risk of developing ROP increased. Conclusions: After treatment, resolution of ROP was noted in approximately 90 % of the patients who had treatment-requiring ROP. 10 % of patients treated with IVB, IVR, Laser surgery and combined therapy however, did not respond and progressed to retinal detachment. This prospective study provides information about the development of ROP in preterm infants in the capital city of Mongolia. The distributions of BW and GA among infants developing ROP in Mongolia differ from those found in higher-income countries, and are comparable to other low and middle-income countries. We used a secure, web-based data collection and retrieval system that could be extended to multiple countries, which is now equipped with a telemedicine platform enabling remote grading of fundus images.