Background Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with 19.3 million new cases recorded in 2020 and an estimated 28.4 million by 2040. In Mongolia, it ranks second after cardiovascular diseases in terms of mortality. Receiving a cancer diagnosis significantly impacts not only the physical condition of patients but also their psychological and social well-being. Studies indicate that 35–50% of cancer patients experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. This study aims to determine the stress levels of cancer patients and investigate the relationships between the factors that influence these levels. The Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), developed by the WHO for primary healthcare physicians, was officially approved and used in this study. In terms of gender distribution, the majority were female (69.8%), while males accounted for 30.2%.
According to the study, in stage I of cancer, 9.5% of patients experienced high stress, 14.3% had moderate stress, and 7.9% reported no stress. In stage II, 9.5% had high stress, 22.2% had moderate stress, and 11.1% had no stress. In stage III, 6.3% experienced high stress, 9.5% had moderate stress, and 3.2% reported no stress. In stage IV, 4.8% experienced high stress, and 1.6% had moderate stress; no patients in this stage reported being stress free.
The highest percentages of moderate stress were observed in stages I and II (14.3% and 22.2%, respectively), possibly due to the strong emotional reaction at the time of initial diagnosis. In contrast, all stress levels declined sharply in stages III and IV, with 6.3% experiencing high stress, 9.5% moderate stress, and 3.2% no stress in stage III. In stage IV, 4.8% had high stress and 1.6% moderate stress, while no patients reported being stress-free.

The global average cancer incidence is 9.3 per 100,000 population, while this figure is 93.7, or 10 times higher, in our country. At the end of the 2023 report, 28,855 people were being monitored and treated for cancer under the supervision of the province's district oncologists. According to the 2022 statistics of the World Health Organization, about 10 million people die from this disease every year in the world. In Mongolia, the incidence and mortality rate of cancer have also increased rapidly in recent years, and as of 2021, it has become the second leading cause of death.
To determine the level of depression in cancer patients and study the relationship between some factors affecting it research methods and scope: The study was conducted using a single-point analytical research design, and data were collected from 95 cancer patients under the care of a family health center between February 10, 2025 and March 20, 2025 using the PHQ 9, 18 Sleep Disorders Questionnaires, and 15 General Information Questionnaires, a total of 42 questionnaires issued by the WHO for primary health care providers. 26.3% (25) of the study participants were male, and 73.7% (70) were female. Of the total study participants, 39 (41.1%) were not depressed, 25 (26.3%) had self-limiting depression, 15 (15.8%) had moderate depression, 3 (3.2%) had moderate to severe depression, and 13 (13.7%) had severe depression. The majority of cancer patients are depressed. Severe depression can make it difficult to perform simple social activities and may even lead to suicide, so psychiatric evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment are necessary.

Introduction: A considerable proportionof adult living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) recipients experience biliarycomplication (BC), but there are few reportsregarding BC based on long-term studies ofa large LDLT population.Methods: The present study examinedBC incidence, from 16 adult and pediatricpatients (14 right liver and 2 left liver graft )between 2011 and 2016 First Central Hospitalof Mongolia.Results: The mean follow-up period was36±1 months. First Central Hospital has DDanastmosis (n=22) double DD (n=2) singlehepaticojejunostomy (n=3). There 3 caseshave biliary stricture after operation. One ofthe 3 cases has biliary laek 2 months laterafter the operation.Conclusion: Close surveillance for BCappears necessary for at least the first 3 yrafter LDLT. In terms of anastomotic stenosisrisk, HJ appears a better choice than DD forright liver grafts involving ducts less than 4mm in diameter.

Within the spectrum of diagnostic procedures in hepatology, the procurement of a liver specimen plays an important role. The method has been diversifi ed to encompass not only different needle types for cutting and aspiration but also different routes proceeding transvenously or transcutaneously. Over the subsequent 50 years the technique of obtaining liver biopsy samples has been modifi ed regarding the approach, the needle type, and the combination with diagnostic imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, angiography and laparoscopy. Histological analyses are capable of establishing the etiology of a chronic or acute liver disease, are determined the inflammatory activity (Grading), degree of fi brosis/cirrhosis (Staging), are relevant for the prognosis of the patient and for indication for cost-intensive as well as potentially side are effect-prone therapies. In general, the accepted mortality rate from liver biopsy is between 0,1% and 0,01%. Among the most feared complications of liver biopsies are hemorrhage, seeding of cancer cells, infections, and injury to the viscera. The increasing number of liver transplant patients within the hepatological spectrum requires regular, safe, and high quality biopsies and their appropriate.