Objective To translate the Urinary Incontinence Awareness and Attitude Scale(URINAS)and test its reliability and validity.Methods The Chinese version of the URINAS was developed by Brislin's translation model for translation,back translation,cultural adaptation,and pilot investigation.A convenience sampling method was used to select 384 urinary incontinence patients who visited a tertiary hospital in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province from June 2024 to October 2024 for investigation,in order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.Results The Chinese version of the URINAS consisted of 5 dimensions with 26 entries.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this scale was 0.843;the folded half reliability was 0.917;the retest reliability was 0.852.The content validity of the scale at the level of the entries ranged from 0.846 to 1.000,and that at the level of the scale was 0.979.A total of 5 metrics were extracted by exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.286％.The results of the validation factor analysis showed a chi-square/degree of freedom of 2.268,a root mean square error of approximation of 0.064,a standardized fit index of 0.916,a Tucker-Lewis index of 0.923,a comparative fit index of 0.906,and a goodness-of-fit index of 0.922.Conclusion The URINAS has good reliability and validity,and can better reflect the level of patients' cognition and attitude towards urinary incontinence,thus providing theoretical basis for the development of corresponding intervention programs for such patients.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To translate the Urinary Incontinence Awareness and Attitude Scale(URINAS)and test its reliability and validity.Methods The Chinese version of the URINAS was developed by Brislin's translation model for translation,back translation,cultural adaptation,and pilot investigation.A convenience sampling method was used to select 384 urinary incontinence patients who visited a tertiary hospital in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province from June 2024 to October 2024 for investigation,in order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale.Results The Chinese version of the URINAS consisted of 5 dimensions with 26 entries.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this scale was 0.843;the folded half reliability was 0.917;the retest reliability was 0.852.The content validity of the scale at the level of the entries ranged from 0.846 to 1.000,and that at the level of the scale was 0.979.A total of 5 metrics were extracted by exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.286％.The results of the validation factor analysis showed a chi-square/degree of freedom of 2.268,a root mean square error of approximation of 0.064,a standardized fit index of 0.916,a Tucker-Lewis index of 0.923,a comparative fit index of 0.906,and a goodness-of-fit index of 0.922.Conclusion The URINAS has good reliability and validity,and can better reflect the level of patients' cognition and attitude towards urinary incontinence,thus providing theoretical basis for the development of corresponding intervention programs for such patients.

Objective:To evaluate and summary the relevant evidence of emergency target blood pressure management in acute aortic dissection, so as to provide guidance for the evidence-based practice of emergency target blood pressure management.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence pyramid model, the evidence about emergency target blood pressure management of acute aortic dissection in various databases and professional association websites at home and abroad was retrieved, including clinical decision, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic evaluation, randomized controlled trial, cohort study, case series, etc. Two researchers used corresponding literature quality evaluation tools to evaluate the quality of the included literature, extracted and summarized the evidence of the literature above grade B.Results:A total of 22 articles were included in this study, including 6 clinical decisions, 5 guidelines, 7 expert consensus, 1 systematic evaluation, 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 cohort study and 1 case series, forming 37 best evidences, including 9 topics such as target value setting, management strategies, disease observation, medical history collection, monitoring methods, vasoactive drugs, non vasoactive drugs, auxiliary examination, health education.Conclusions:The summarized best evidence provides a reference for emergency medical staff to manage the emergency target blood pressure of acute aortic dissection. It is recommended that emergency medical staff follow the summarized best evidence to formulate an individualized target blood pressure management scheme for patients.

Objective:To construct a prediction model of gastric cancer related methylation using machine learning algorithms based on genomic data.Methods:The gene mutation data, gene expression data and methylation chip data of gastric cancer were downloaded from The Caner Genome Atlas database, feature selection was conducted, and support vector machine (radial basis function), random forest and error back propagation (BP) neural network models were constructed; the model was verified in the new data set.Results:Among the three machine learning models, BP neural network had the highest test efficiency (F1 score=0.89,Kappa=0.66, area under curve=0.93).Conclusion:Machine learning algorithms, particularly BP neural network, can be used to take advantages of the genomic data for discovering molecular markers, and to help identify characteristic methylation sites of gastric cancer.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis value of heparin-binding protein ( HBP ) and pentraxin 3 ( PTX3 ) in neonatal bacterial infectious diseases . Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 30 septic neonatal as neonatal sepsis group and 84 local infection neonatal as general infection group from May to November 2017 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University .It also selected 50 high bilirubin hematic disease but without infection or shock neonatal ( control group ) .A total of 114 neonatal bacterial infection ( neonatal sepsis group and general infection group ) were divided into shock group ( 39 cases) and non-shock group ( 75 cases ) . The levels of plasma HBP and PTX3 were tested with immunoturbidimetry and ELSIA respectively .The results of procalcitonin ( PCT ) and white blood cells (WBC) counts were collected.Non-parametric test were performed for non-normal distribution data; the diagnostic performances of data were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve; pearson correlation coefficient was performed for correlation analysis .Results Plasma levels of HBP in neonatal sepsis group, general infection group and control group were (64.41 ±78.51) ng/ml, (47.16 ±50.59) ng/ml and (31.97 ±20.76) ng/ml, respectively; plasma levels of PTX3 were (2.23 ±1.44) ng/ml, (1.76 ±0.94) ng/ml and (1.26 ±0.66) ng/ml, respectively;serum levels of PCT were (31.92 ±36.65) ng/ml,( 7.72 ±9.28 ) ng/ml and ( 1.87 ±5.02 ) ng/ml, respectively.The levels of PTX3 and PCT in neonatal sepsis group were significantly higher than in general infection group (Z=3.74, Z=5.01, all P<0.05) and control group (Z=3.98, Z=5.20, all P<0.05).The levels of HBP in neonatal sepsis group were significantly higher than in control group ( Z =2.37, P <0.05 ), but there were no significant difference in neonatal sepsis group and general infection group (Z=1.16, P>0.05).The levels of PTX3 and PCT in shock group were significantly higher than in non-shock group ( Z=2.20, Z=3.70, all P<0.05), but there were no significant difference in plasma HBP of shock and non-shock group ( Z=0.37, P>0.05).The area under curve (AUC) of HBP, PTX3 and PCT were 0.683, 0.802 and 0.869 respectively in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection diseases .The biggest AUC of combined diagnosis of HBP, PTX3 and PCT was 0.910.There was a positive correlation between PTX 3 and PCT ( r=0.242, P<0.05) .Conclusions PTX3 and PCT could probably be acted as an important biomarker for diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection diseases , and combined diagnosis of HBP , PTX3 and PCT could be superior to single biomarker diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection situation and relative factors in reproductive women in Shandong area,so as to provide the evidences for establishing strategies for reducing the birth defects and improving the quality of population. Methods A total of 5 386 reproductive women who visited hospitals at county and city levels in Shandong region from January 2013 to December 2015 were treated as the research objects,and their venous blood samples were collected to de?tect the antibodies(IgG and IgM)against T. Gondii in serum. Meanwhile,the related risk factors of T. gondii infection were sur?veyed by questionnaires. Results Among the 5 386 reproductive women,623 ones were positive for IgG antibody and the posi?tive rate was 11.56%,and 328 ones were positive for IgM antibody and the positive rate was 6.21%. The single factor analysis showed that the pregnant status(χ2 =13.12,P<0.01),whether the residences were in downtowns or counties(χ2 =6.27, P<0.05),whether having animal contact history(χ2=10.46,P<0.01),and whether eating half?baked foods(χ2=21.19, P < 0.01)were related to T. gondii infection. Conclusions The T. gondii infection rate of reproductive women in Shandong Province is high;the related risk factors include pregnant status,residence,degree of intimate contact with animal,and wheth?er eating half?baked foods. It suggests that the detection of T. gondii infection and health education in reproductive women should be strengthened.

Objective To explore dynamic changes of renal cortex blood perfusion in Goto-Kakizaki rats(GK rats) by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.The clues for early diagnosis and intervention of diabetic renal impairment may be obtained from the study.Methods Male GK rats were taken as experimental groups,and Wistar male rats were used as controls.Contrast-enhanced agent SonoVue was administered via the femoral vein cannulation in a bolus fashion.Image changes of renal cortex were observed in real time, and dynamic image changes within 0 - 5 minute after injection were observed and stored.The renal cortex blood perfusion changes were analyzed using the time-intensity curve (TIC).Results (1) The kidney was quickly enhanced after the injection of contrast agent.The renal artery, cortex, renal vein were displayed in sequence.(2)The shape of renal perfusion TIC in all the objects was a single peak,steep ascending, flat descending curve.The overall shape of TIC in GK rats was wider than controls and they were wider and wider with age increasing of the GK rats.(3) Compare to controls,the time to peak (TTP)and the half time of peak descending (HDT) in GK rats was longer (P ＜0.01), the slope rates of the ascending curve (S1) and the slope rates of the descending curve (S2) decreased and the area under the curve increased in 12-week-old and 20-week-old GK rats (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The abnormal blood perfusion of renal cortex microcirculation was present in the early stage of diabetic in GK rats.Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and TIC could display this change effectively.