ObjectiveBased on the Huangdi Neijing，a traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）identification scale of five human qualities was constructed and applied in elderly people to evaluate its reliability and validity. MethodsBased on the original text of the Huangdi Neijing and a review of relevant ancient and modern literature， an identification scale of five human qualities was developed through Delphi expert interviews. Offline surveys were conducted to evaluate the feasibility，reliability，and validity of its application in elderly people，and the scale was evaluated and revised. ResultsThe scale of five human qualities is divided into five subscales：wood，fire，earth，metal，and water. Each subscale is divided into four dimensions：morphological structure，psychological characteristics，tolerance，and physiological characteristics，with a total of 75 items. The survey results in elderly people show that：（1） The recovery rate and completion rate are 100%，and the average filling time is 23.3 min. 85.5% of the samples are completed within the preset time. （2） Reliability analysis results：The homogeneity reliability of each subscale，Chronbach's α，ranges from 0.702 to 0.793. The scores of each subscale in the split-half reliability range from 0.758 to 0.841， indicating that the internal consistency of the scale is good. （3） Validity analysis results. Content validity：During the development stage of the scale，the item pool，dimensions，and structure of the scale are designed reasonably， and the content is complete. The evaluation of content validity shows that the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranges from 0.83 to 1.00， and the scale-level content validity index for universal agreement （S-CVI/UA） is 0.92，indicating good content validity of the scale. Construct validity extracts 22 common factors based on an eigenvalue of 1，with a contribution rate of 62.333% to the overall system. The number of common factors in the five subscales is 4，5，4，5，and 4，respectively，with contribution rates of 52.64%，53.376%，51.445%，51.359%，and 50.714%，respectively，indicating the required structure for physical fitness measurement in elderly people. ConclusionThe scale constructed in this study has high reliability and validity，and it is suitable for evaluating the physical condition of elderly people in TCM.

The theory of"conjunction of annual and seasonal energies"is a core component of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors theory.Its formation integrates ancient astronomy-calendars,five-element philosophy,and clinical practice.This study,through textual research and theoretical analysis,reveals that it originated from the pre-Qin period five-element triple combination theory,with The Inner Canon of Huangdi as its theoretical foundation.Integrating the"twelve palaces of longevity"and"twelve months"systems from classics like Rishu and Huainanzi,it constructs a five-element periodic model framed by"growth,prosperity,and tomb."This theory simulates the process of qi's growth,flourishing,aging,and death via the twelve palaces of five-element longevity.Through the spatiotemporal connection between earthly branch triple combinations(e.g.,yin-wu-xu fire combination,shen-zi-chen water combination)and the twelve months,it explains climatic cycles and changes in human qi activity.In clinical application,it corresponds structurally to the"opening-closing-pivoting"theory of three yin and three yang,offering new ideas for qi regulation.It has also derived the"earthly branch triple combination"acupuncture methods:for postherpetic neuralgia,it uses shen-zi-chen water combination and yin-wu-xu fire combination with five-shu point,regulating heart and kidney via reinforcing-reducing techniques.In heavenly stem-earthly branch auricular therapy,it builds a three-dimensional"auricular position-viscera-five evolutive phases and six climatic factors"regulatory model centered on five-element triple combinations.For children with bronchial asthma in remission,it applies earth combination auricular points to reinforce earth to generate metal,combined with five evolutive phases and six climatic factors characteristics for individualized intervention.This theory deepens the holistic medical view of"correspondence between human body and natural environment"and provides new perspectives and methods for traditional Chinese medicine chronomedicine and syndrome differentiation.

Depression is primarily characterized by persistent low mood,emotional disorders,and loss of interest.Somatization disorder is a type of neurotic disorder,primarily featuring recurrent,varied,and non-organic physical discomfort symptoms.In traditional Chinese medicine,depression with somatization disorder can be classified under the category of"depression"and"hysteria"according to its clinical symptoms.This article focuses on the dynamic evolution of the functions of the kidney,spleen,and liver,and explains the core pathogenesis of depression with somatization disorder based on the theory of"cold water,damp earth,and stagnant wood"proposed by HUANG Yuanyu.It explores the causes and related manifestations.Symptoms mainly characterized by cramps and convulsions can be attributed to the liver;symptoms primarily characterized by heaviness,distension,and dull pain accompanied by weakness can be attributed to the spleen;symptoms primarily characterized by stiffness,reluctance to move or inability to move,and reluctance to extend outward can be attributed to the kidney.Liver depression and spleen dampness,as well as wood depression and earth congestion,are treated by strengthening the spleen and soothing the liver,drying dampness and calming wind,and the modified Xiaoyao Powder combined with Yueju Pill is recommended.Spleen dampness and kidney coldness,earth failure and water overflow,are treated by tonifying the spleen and kidney,warming water and transforming dampness,and the modified Jingui Shenqi Pill combined with Linggui Zhugan Decoction is recommended.Kidney coldness and liver hyperactivity,water not nourishing wood,are treated by warming the kidney and enriching essence,replenishing water and nourishing wood,and the modified Dihuang Yinzi is recommended.This article explores the corresponding etiology,pathogenesis,treatment methods,and prescriptions for depression with somatization disorder,with the aim of providing new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Depression is primarily characterized by persistent low mood,emotional disorders,and loss of interest.Somatization disorder is a type of neurotic disorder,primarily featuring recurrent,varied,and non-organic physical discomfort symptoms.In traditional Chinese medicine,depression with somatization disorder can be classified under the category of"depression"and"hysteria"according to its clinical symptoms.This article focuses on the dynamic evolution of the functions of the kidney,spleen,and liver,and explains the core pathogenesis of depression with somatization disorder based on the theory of"cold water,damp earth,and stagnant wood"proposed by HUANG Yuanyu.It explores the causes and related manifestations.Symptoms mainly characterized by cramps and convulsions can be attributed to the liver;symptoms primarily characterized by heaviness,distension,and dull pain accompanied by weakness can be attributed to the spleen;symptoms primarily characterized by stiffness,reluctance to move or inability to move,and reluctance to extend outward can be attributed to the kidney.Liver depression and spleen dampness,as well as wood depression and earth congestion,are treated by strengthening the spleen and soothing the liver,drying dampness and calming wind,and the modified Xiaoyao Powder combined with Yueju Pill is recommended.Spleen dampness and kidney coldness,earth failure and water overflow,are treated by tonifying the spleen and kidney,warming water and transforming dampness,and the modified Jingui Shenqi Pill combined with Linggui Zhugan Decoction is recommended.Kidney coldness and liver hyperactivity,water not nourishing wood,are treated by warming the kidney and enriching essence,replenishing water and nourishing wood,and the modified Dihuang Yinzi is recommended.This article explores the corresponding etiology,pathogenesis,treatment methods,and prescriptions for depression with somatization disorder,with the aim of providing new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The theory of"conjunction of annual and seasonal energies"is a core component of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors theory.Its formation integrates ancient astronomy-calendars,five-element philosophy,and clinical practice.This study,through textual research and theoretical analysis,reveals that it originated from the pre-Qin period five-element triple combination theory,with The Inner Canon of Huangdi as its theoretical foundation.Integrating the"twelve palaces of longevity"and"twelve months"systems from classics like Rishu and Huainanzi,it constructs a five-element periodic model framed by"growth,prosperity,and tomb."This theory simulates the process of qi's growth,flourishing,aging,and death via the twelve palaces of five-element longevity.Through the spatiotemporal connection between earthly branch triple combinations(e.g.,yin-wu-xu fire combination,shen-zi-chen water combination)and the twelve months,it explains climatic cycles and changes in human qi activity.In clinical application,it corresponds structurally to the"opening-closing-pivoting"theory of three yin and three yang,offering new ideas for qi regulation.It has also derived the"earthly branch triple combination"acupuncture methods:for postherpetic neuralgia,it uses shen-zi-chen water combination and yin-wu-xu fire combination with five-shu point,regulating heart and kidney via reinforcing-reducing techniques.In heavenly stem-earthly branch auricular therapy,it builds a three-dimensional"auricular position-viscera-five evolutive phases and six climatic factors"regulatory model centered on five-element triple combinations.For children with bronchial asthma in remission,it applies earth combination auricular points to reinforce earth to generate metal,combined with five evolutive phases and six climatic factors characteristics for individualized intervention.This theory deepens the holistic medical view of"correspondence between human body and natural environment"and provides new perspectives and methods for traditional Chinese medicine chronomedicine and syndrome differentiation.

"Balance between yin and yang,the spirit is treated"means the best health state of the human body.The theory of yin and yang is the foundation of TCM theory,and the key to the treatment of chronic skin diseases is to regulate yin and yang.The key to the balance of yin and yang lies in the sufficiency of yang-qi.Sufficient yang-qi can guarantee the defense outside is solid and dense.The healthy-qi inside can avoid the invasion of pathogenesis.The invisible pathogenesis is difficult to transform into tangible pathogenesis.In the clinical syndromes,it has been found that the lack of yang-qi is one of the important reasons for the occurrence and development of skin diseases.By warming yang and dispersing pathogenic factors,dissolving muscles and dispelling wind,reconciling nutrient and defense,warming and dissipating cold,clearing heat and detoxifying,nourishing blood and moistening dryness,etc.,the deficiency yang can be warmed,the yang can be concealed,the balance between yin and yang can be achieved,and the diseases can be eliminated.

Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic) is the earliest medical classic work existing at present in Chinese medical treasures and is the foundation of TCM. It not only contains rich medical words, but also supplements the new meanings of seven words, i. e. Wang, Xiu, Yuan, Fang, Xu, Jiu and Bian for removing needle, retaining needling, reinforcing technique, reducing technique, slow needling, moxibustion and stone-needle puncturing, respectively.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; Books ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history

Take the common diseases of TCM as the objects such as cough,retention of phlegm and morbid fluid,vomiting,diarrhea,diabetes,edema,stranguria,abdominal mass,jaundice,and consumption,the inherits and the differences in zang-fu syndromes of diseases between ancient time and now were inspected.As a result,a big difference has been appeared in zang-fu syndromes in distribution of same disease between ancient time and now.It mainly displays in: The quantity of zang-fu localizations of disease attribute is different;it has diversity on specific zang-fu organs in syndrome differentiation of disease;the main connected zang-fu organs are different;natures of zang-fu syndromes are different.It has the vital significance to profoundly understand the essence of treatment based on syndrome differentiation through out promulgating the tremendous changes of zang-fu syndrome differentiation of diseases between ancient and modern times.

Objective: To study ginseng stem leaf saponin's effect on brain aging. Methods: The natural aging mice were adopted, divided randomly groups by weight and fed with ginseng stem leaf saponiu for three months, learning and memory ability of mice, the content of MDA and the action of MAO B of brain tissue were determined. The mice was fed with drugs for 40 days, the action of SOD and GSH Px of brain tissues were determined. Bissecting and fecthing the brain of the adult and aging rats and preparing brain chondriosomes and microsomes, and MDA content of brain chondriosomes and microsomes by the method of Fe 2+ cysteine inducing oxidation reduction reaction were determined. Results: Ginseng stem leaf saponin can increase learning and memory ability of aging mice, decrease the content of lipid peroxide and inhibit the action of MAO B of brain tissues; increase the action of SOD and GSH Px of brain tissues; and also inhibit the content of LPO induced oxidation reduction reaction by Fe 2+ cysteine in brain chondriosomes and microsomes of the adult and aging rats. Conclusion:Ginseng stem leaf saponin can protect brain function and postpone brain aging by decreasing free radical's damage and increasing action of GSH Px and SOD of brain tissue.