Epimedium sagittatum is a perennial herb of Berberidaceae. Its leaves have a long history of medicinal use in China. This plant is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine，with the main functions of tonifying kidney Yang，strengthening bones and muscles，and dispelling wind and dampness. It can be used for treating kidney Yang deficiency，impotence，spermatorrhea，flaccidity of bones and muscles，rheumatic arthralgia，numbness，and spasms. The chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids，polysaccharides，lignans，and alkaloids. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities，including cartilage repair，anti-aging，anti-fatigue，cough-relieving，blood glucose-lowering，and anti-tumor effects. Modern pharmacological research has shown that E. sagittatum has definite pharmacological effects on the reproductive system，respiratory system，nervous system，cardiovascular system，skeletal system，etc. It has remarkable effects of helping pregnancy，resisting osteoporosis，controlling diabetes，improving immunity，and inhibiting tumor. Under the background of advocating one health and Chinese medicine，E. sagittatum is widely used in health care products，serving as the main raw material of various products. It has great market potential and is a Chinese medicinal herb with great clinical application and research value. This paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of E. sagittatum based on domestic and foreign reports， providing a theoretical basis for further study on E. sagittatum and its safe clinical application.

Epimedium sagittatum is a perennial herb of Berberidaceae. Its leaves have a long history of medicinal use in China. This plant is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicine，with the main functions of tonifying kidney Yang，strengthening bones and muscles，and dispelling wind and dampness. It can be used for treating kidney Yang deficiency，impotence，spermatorrhea，flaccidity of bones and muscles，rheumatic arthralgia，numbness，and spasms. The chemical constituents of this plant include flavonoids，polysaccharides，lignans，and alkaloids. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients. These compounds show a wide range of biological activities，including cartilage repair，anti-aging，anti-fatigue，cough-relieving，blood glucose-lowering，and anti-tumor effects. Modern pharmacological research has shown that E. sagittatum has definite pharmacological effects on the reproductive system，respiratory system，nervous system，cardiovascular system，skeletal system，etc. It has remarkable effects of helping pregnancy，resisting osteoporosis，controlling diabetes，improving immunity，and inhibiting tumor. Under the background of advocating one health and Chinese medicine，E. sagittatum is widely used in health care products，serving as the main raw material of various products. It has great market potential and is a Chinese medicinal herb with great clinical application and research value. This paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of E. sagittatum based on domestic and foreign reports， providing a theoretical basis for further study on E. sagittatum and its safe clinical application.

Objective To monitor the dynamic changes in liver stiffness and their correlation with clinical indicators among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected individuals in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, and to provide important evidence for the early detection and effective intervention of liver fibrosis (LF) progression. Methods Based on the Wuwei Hepatitis B Specialty Cohort, this study conducted annual serological and FibroScan ultrasonographic examinations for 3 882 chronic HBV-infected individuals. Over an average of 4 years of follow-up, the liver fibrosis outcome was monitored, and influencing factors were analyzed by constructing a logistic regression model. Results Among the 2 053 chronic HBV-infected individuals who completed at least one follow-up, baseline LF grades F0 to F4 were distributed as follows: 1 581 cases (77.0%), 164 cases (8.0%), 99 cases (4.8%), 110 cases (5.4%), and 99 cases (4.8%), respectively. Significant differences were observed among the five groups in terms of age, gender, smoking, antiviral treatment, liver function indicators, control attenuation index (CAP), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) (P<0.05). After an average of 4 years of follow-up, 1 686 cases (17.9/100 person-years) showed no significant change in LF grade, 260 cases (2.8/100 person-years) demonstrated a decrease in LF grade, and 107 cases (1.1/100 person-years) exhibited an increase in LF grade. Stratified by baseline treatment status, among patients with chronic HBV infection who did not undergo treatment, baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR=5.50, 95%CI：1.79-16.83, P=0.003) and LSM (OR=3.35, 95%CI：1.23-9.13, P=0.018) were identified as risk factors for LF progression. In contrast, among patients who underwent antiviral treatment, baseline aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR=2.23, 95%CI：1.41-3.53, P<0.001) and total bilirubin (TBIL) (OR=1.79, 95%CI：1.14-2.81, P=0.012) levels were identified as risk factors for LF progression. Conclusion LSM and liver function indicators, such as ALT, AST, and TBIL, are important influencing factors for LF progression. The monitoring of LSM and liver function indicators will be of great significance for the prevention and early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of action of Lycii Cortex in the treatment of periodontitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods:Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) was used to screen the drug components of Lycii Cortex. Swiss Target Prediction was used to predict the action targets of the drug components. GeneCards was used to obtain the disease targets of periodontitis. Venny 2.1 was used to obtain the intersecting targets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed using the STRING, and network diagrams were constructed using Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis were performed using Metascape. The Cytoscape software was used to construct "drug-target-pathway" network diagrams. The rats were randomly divided into model group and treatment group, with 5 rats in each group. After modeling for 8 weeks, the treatment group was injected with 1 ml of Lycii Cortex (150 mg Lycii Cortex Granules were dissolved in 1 ml water), and the model group was injected with the same amount of normal saline locally for 4 weeks. Results:A total of 10 active components of Lycii Cortex were founded. These components acted directly on 55 disease targets through multiple pathways to treat periodontitis. The results showed that β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, scopoletin, chrysin, atropine, and ivytin were the core components, and V-Rel reticuloendotheliosis hyperplasia viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), JUN, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (CASP3), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2) were important targets. GO analysis revealed that the most likely biological process (BP) associated with the intersecting genes was mainly involved in the response to steroid hormones, cellular response to organic ring compounds, programmed cell death positive regulation, response to hormones, apoptosis signaling pathway, leukocyte apoptotic process, positive regulation of neuronal apoptotic process, response to oxygen levels, positive regulation of apoptotic process, etc. The cellular component (CC) of the Lycii Cortex was mainly involved in the outer membrane of organelles, outer membrane, transcriptional regulatory complex, outer membrane of mitochondria, RNA polymerase Ⅱ transcriptional regulatory complex, mitochondrial membrane, membrane rafts, membrane microregion, perinuclear region of cytoplasm, etc. The molecular function (MF) of the Lycii Cortex was mainly involved in protein structural domain-specific binding, transcription factor binding, cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway, DNA-binding transcription factor binding, RNA polymerase Ⅱ-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding, cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process, general transcription initiation factor binding, ubiquitin protein ligase binding, ubiquitin-like protein ligase, etc. The results of KEGG analysis suggested that dermatophytes were mainly involved in the apoptotic process through p53, apoptosis, advanced genetically engineered end products and their receptors (AGE-RAGE), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), interleukin-17 (IL-17), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways for the treatment of periodontitis. Animal experiments showed that diclofenac could significantly improve periodontitis, as well as improve the expression levels of RELA, Bcl-2, PTGS2, JUN, CASP3, TP53, and NCOA2. Conclusions:Lycii Cortex mainly regulates enzymatic activity, anti-inflammatory, and other biological processes such as RELA, BCL2, PTGS2, JUN, CASP3, TP53, NCOA2, and other disease targets of the signaling pathways such as p53, apoptosis, AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, IL-17, HIF-1, TNF, MAPK, and NF-κB, etc., to treat periodontitis.

Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures containing various bioactive molecules that can be secreted by almost all cells.However,exosomes released by different types of cells perform differ-ent biological functions,and have been confirmed to participate in physiological processes such as immune response,antigen presentation,cell migration and differentiation,and hair growth through ligand receptor binding.Recent research reports have shown that exosomes can also be secreted from the fetus and placenta,playing an important role in embryo implantation and development,as well as in the treatment of animal pregnancy diseases.In order to offer recommendations for endan-gered and unique economic animals in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy and pregnancy-re-lated illnesses,this paper reviewed the most recent developments and innovative theories about the use of extracellular vesicles in pregnancy.

Abstract: Objective To express Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and study the antigenicity of the purified recombinant Rv2626c protein. Methods The amino acid sequence of Rv2626c protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain (accession number: CCP45424.1) in GenBank was retrieved and converted into the corresponding DNA sequence according to the codon preference of E. coli. This DNA sequence was synthesized and cloned into pET24a(+) plasmid to construct pET24a(+)-Rv2626c recombinant plasmid. This plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells, and the expression of Rv2626c protein was induced under various conditions of isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentrations, temperature, and period. The recombinant Rv2626c protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. The recombinant Rv2626c protein was purified by nickel chelate affinity chromatography and used to immunize violet blue rabbits to prepare anti-Rv2626c anti-serum. The specificity and titer of the serum were respectively detected by Western Blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The recombinant plasmid pET24a(+)-Rv2626c was successfully constructed. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that recombinant Rv2626c was expressed in the recombinant plasmid transformed E. coli with IPTG induction, with a molecular weight of about 14 500, and the size was consistent with the expectation. The optimal expression condition for recombinant Rv2626c protein was at 31 ℃ with 1.0 mmol/L IPTG for 6 hours. The target protein was mainly present in a soluble form, which was consistent with the results of Western blot. The hyperimmunized serum with recombinant Rv2626c protein vaccination showed good specificity, with a titer of 1∶ 256 000 detected by ELISA. Conclusions Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c protein is successfully expressed in E. coli, and the purified protein has good purity and antigenic activity, laying the foundation for further reveals of its biological functions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation among the botanical characteristics， biological characteristics， chemical composition， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from latex-containing plants， so as to strengthen the theory of "identifying symptoms for qualities" and provide a reference for the development and utilization of the latex-containing plant resources. MethodStatistics on the meridians for properties and tastes， efficacy， medicinal parts， family and genus， and chemical components of TCM from latex-containing plants were carried out. A total of 53 TCM from latex-containing plants included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were screened by mining the Chinese Botanical Journal， Chinese Materia Medica， Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines， and related literature. In addition， their meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， chemical components， and TCM classifications were summarized and statistically analyzed by using Excel 2013 and ChiPlot 2023.3.31 software. ResultIt was found that latex-containing plants were mainly distributed in one kingdom， one phylum， two classes， and 20 families， and most of the TCM from latex-containing plants belonged to Dicotyledonaceae under Angiosperms. In terms of properties and tastes， plain>cold>warm>cool>hot and bitter>pungent>sweet>sour>salty. In terms of meridians， liver>lung>kidney>spleen=large intestine=stomach>heart>bladder=gallbladder=small intestines. In terms of medicinal parts， roots （root， rhizomes， tuberous root， and root bark）>resin>seed>whole herb （whole herb and above-ground part）>stem （stem and branch）>fruit>leaf>flower=skin. In terms of research on chemical components， they were mostly glycosides. In terms of TCM classification， they were mostly medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. ConclusionThe TCM from latex-containing plants is mainly plain， with a uniform warm and cold distribution. The tastes are mainly bitter and pungent， and the major meridians are the liver and lung. The roots and resins are mainly used as medicines. The components mostly contain glycosides， alkaloids， and volatile oils， and most of them are medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis， as well as for removing heat and toxins. There is a certain degree of correlation among the growth habits， medicinal parts， chemical components， and the properties， tastes， and efficacy of the TCM from latex-containing plants. It may provide a reference for resource development and utilization of TCM from latex-containing plants.

ObjectiveThe relevant laws among the biological characteristics， medicinal parts， growth environment， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from fungi were excavated， so as to strengthen the theory of distinguishing symptoms for quality and provide a reference for the development and utilization of TCM from fungi. MethodThe medicinal parts， meridians for properties and tastes， heterotrophic mode， and efficacy of commonly used TCM from fungi were summarized. By consulting the Compendium of Materia Medica， Shennong Materia Medica， Flora of China， and literature， the TCM from fungi indexed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some local pharmacopeias were checked. ResultA total of 28 common TCM from fungi were selected. Different TCMs from fungi have different meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， habits， and growth environments. The relevant information was counted. Among the four properties， plain>cold>warm. Among the five tastes， sweet>bitter>light>pungent=salty. In terms of medicinal parts， fruiting body>sclerotia>complex>spermia=outer skin=other. In terms of meridians， lung>liver=heart>spleen=kidney>stomach. In terms of habits， parasitism>saprophysis>symbiosis=facultative parasitism=facultative saprophysis. ConclusionTCM from fungi are mainly parasitic and saprophytic， and the plain property and sweet taste the most. The meridians are mostly lung， heart， and liver. Nourishment and diuresis are the main efficacy. There is a certain correlation between the color， habit， medicinal parts， and growth environment of TCM from fungi and their properties， tastes， and efficacy， providing comprehensive literature reference and theoretical basis for their in-depth research， clinical use， and resource development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the functions and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines and explore the related laws of the medicinal tissue， property， taste， efficacy， and clinical application， so as to strengthen the theory of identifying symptoms for qualities and provide references for the development and utilization of TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines. MethodBy reviewing the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some local pharmacopeias， TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines were screened out， and the characteristics， functions， and precautions of TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines were summarized. Statistical analysis was carried out with Excel. ResultA total of 62 TCM from plant skin were found， mainly distributed in one kingdom， three phyla， and 31 families. In terms of the family genus， Rutaceae>Leguminosae>Cucurbitaceae. In terms of the medicinal tissue， bark>root bark>fruit bark>seed bark. In terms of property and taste， warm>cold>plain>cool>hot， and bitter>sweet=pungent>acidic. In terms of meridians， lung>liver>spleen>heart>colorectal>kidney>stomach=bladder. In terms of TCM classification， most of them belong to the category of heat-clearing medicines. There were 485 types of Chinese patent medicines from plant skin， with the most Chinese patent medicines containing Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Among the forms of administration， pills were the most predominant. In terms of the tastes of the medicines， bitter and sweet flavors predominated. In terms of functions， medicines for strengthening the body resistance were the most. For the precautions， contraindications during pregnancy were the most common. ConclusionThere is a correlation among medicinal tissue， property， taste， efficacy， and clinical application of TCM from plant skin. It is also necessary to pay attention to the contraindications of the medicines and rationally choose TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of TCM theory based on syndrome differentiation and treatment.

Objective:It aims at constructing the equipment visualization management system in orthopedics on the basis of Godot engine,as well as exploring and discussing its values related to equipment visualization management system in orthopedics of hospitals.Methods:The equipment visualization management system in orthopedics on the basis of Godot engine was designed which further contained data collection,model drawing and function development,then,it further realized the equipment visualization management in orthopedics by relying on the movable terminal.180 medical equipment commonly used in orthopaedic clinic of Beijing Puren Hospital were selected in 2021-2022.Moreover,they were managed by two modes of management which were respectively the traditional equipment management mode(traditional equipment mode)and equipment visualization management system in orthopedics on the basis of Godot engine(visual system).Finally,the effectiveness of the two management modes of the medical equipment,the level of management and the satisfaction scores of doctors,nurses and patients on the two management modes were assessed accordingly.Results:The time utilization rate,quality stability rate and diagnosis and treatment effectiveness rate of the visual system equipment were respectively(95.37±4.06),(96.74±4.72)and(96.41±5.01)%,which were higher than that of the traditional equipment model and the differences were all statistically significant(t=9.608,9.438,4.909,P<0.05).the standardized placement rate,standardized recording rate and intact rate of the visual system equipment were respectively 97.22%(175/180),97.78%(176/180)and 99.44%(179/180),which were higher than that of the traditional equipment model and the differences were all statistically significant(x2=6.972,11.429,9.656,5.236,P<0.05).the failure rate of the visual system was 5.00%(9/180),which was lower than the traditional equipment mode(x2=5.236,P<0.05).the satisfaction scores of doctors,nurses and patients for the visual system equipment were respectively(95.63±3.47),(96.85±3.21)and(95.79±3.92),which were higher than that of the traditional equipment mode and the difference was statistically significant(t=14.068,17.996,14.438,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of equipment visualization management system in orthopedics on the basis of Godot engine can visualize and manage medical equipment in orthopedics of hospitals,enhance the equipment effectiveness,intensify the equipment management level,as well as improve the users'satisfaction degree with the equipment.