Background Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor aggregation (CMRF≥ 2), and few studies have focused on the correlation between the two in occupational populations. Objective To investigate the current status of CMRF≥2 and the compliance of healthy lifestyle in male occupational personnel, explore the effect of lifestyle on cardiometabolic risk, and provide reference for formulating healthy behavior promotion strategies and reducing cardiometabolic risk in occupational populations. Methods The study subjects were selected from male workers who completed occupational health examinations at an occupational disease prevention and control hospital in Shanxi Province from May to December 2023, and 15125 study subjects aged 18−60 years were finally included according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All subjects received a series of assessments including questionnaires (basic information, lifestyle habits, and occupational factors), physical examination, laboratory tests, and six cardiometabolic risk factors (central obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and hyperuricemia). A healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on six behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, physical activity, diet, sleep, sedentary behavior) and 1 point for one positive healthy behavior. The enrolled workers were then divided into three groups according to their total scores: 0−1 points (poor group), 2−3 points (moderate group), and 4−6 points (good group). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the statistical associations between lifestyle and CMRF≥2. Results The median age of the 15125 male study participants was 40 years, and the positive rate of CMRF≥2 was 53.5%. Adherence to moderate alcohol consumption was the most compliant healthy behavior (79.4%), followed by current non-smoking (41.7%), while adherence to adequate sedentary behavior (23.6%) and healthy eating (21.1%) were relatively low, and only 17.4% were able to adhere to four or more healthy lifestyle behaviors. After adjusting for confounders, when compared with the poor group high lifestyle score was found to be a protective factor for CMRF≥2 (moderate group: OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.77; good group: OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.75). In stratified analyses across different job types (coal miners, auxiliary workers, ground workers, and others), occupational stress (with or without), shift patterns (day shift, night shift, or rotating shift), dust exposure (with or without), and noise exposure (with or without), individuals with higher lifestyle scores exhibited a consistently lower risk of CMRF≥2. There was an interaction between shift pattern and lifestyle on CMRF≥2 (P_interaction<0.05). Conclusion This occupational group has a high positive rate of CMRF≥2 and a high prevalence of poor lifestyles with low adherence to some healthy behaviors. High healthy lifestyle scores are associated with a lower risk of aggregation of cardiometabolic risk factors, which may be reduced through lifestyle interventions.

Objective To establish method for simultaneous determination of hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol in Chunyang Zhengqi capsules by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The column was Agilent PorosheⅡ 120 EC-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×150 mm, 4 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution. The column temperature was 35℃. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelength was 284 nm. Results The methodological verification showed that hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol had a good linearity (r≥0.999 9). The precisions were less than 2.0%. The average recovery was between 98.0% and 101.9%. The stability and repeatability of RSD were also less than 3.0%, which met the requirements of method validation. Conclusion The method is simple, stable, reproducible and accurate, which could be used to the quality control of Chunyang Zhengqi capsules.

BACKGROUND:Scaffold materials serve as platforms that provide space and structure,playing a crucial role in the regeneration of cartilage tissue.Scholars from around the world are exploring different approaches to fabricate more ideal scaffold materials. OBJECTIVE:To review the design principles and preparation methods of cartilage scaffolds,and to further explore the advantages and limitations of various preparation methods. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted on the databases of CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed,and FMRS from 1998 to 2023.The search terms were"cartilage repair,cartilage tissue engineering,cartilage scaffold materials,preparation"in Chinese and English.A total of 57 articles were ultimately reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The articular cartilage has a unique structure and limited self-repair capacity after injury.Even if self-repair occurs,the newly formed cartilage is typically fibrocartilage,which is far inferior to normal articular cartilage in terms of structure and mechanical properties.It is difficult to maintain normal function and often leads to degenerative changes.Currently,the design and fabrication of scaffold materials for cartilage repair need to consider the following aspects:biocompatibility and biodegradability,suitable pore structure and porosity,appropriate mechanical properties,and bioactivity.(2)Research on the preparation of cartilage scaffolds has made significant progress,continuously introducing new preparation methods and optimization strategies.These methods have their advantages and disadvantages,providing more possibilities for customized preparation and functional design of cartilage scaffolds according to specific requirements.

BACKGROUND:Bone formation is the process by which osteoblasts synthesize and secrete osteoid and promote its mineralization,which generally involves mechanical signal transduction.Osteoblasts are primarily regulated by mechanical factors such as gravity,compressive stress,tensile stress,fluid shear stress,and hydrostatic pressure in vivo,and different mechanical stimuli modulate the proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis of osteoblasts through various mechanisms,including hormones,cytoskeletal proteins,and microRNAs.By clarifying the effects of biomechanical forces on osteoblasts,it provides ideas and a reference basis for the treatment of osteometabolic diseases involving osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of different biomechanical forces on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts. METHODS:We conducted a literature search using PubMed,Web of Science,FMRS,CNKI,and WanFang databases for relevant publications published from 2000 to 2023,covering basic research and tissue engineering studies related to the effects of biomechanical forces on osteoblasts.Ultimately,a total of 70 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different biomechanical forces have an impact on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts,including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis,and these effects are dependent on the intensity and duration of the applied force.Specifically,the effects are as follows:(1)Under microgravity conditions,osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are inhibited,resulting in a decrease in bone density and the development of osteoporosis.(2)Compared to microgravity,hypergravity has a promoting effect on osteoblast proliferation.(3)The effects of compressive stress on osteoblasts are dependent on the loading intensity and time.Appropriate compressive stress can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation,which is beneficial for bone tissue formation and repair,while excessive compressive stress can cause osteoblast apoptosis and bone tissue destruction.(4)The biological effects of different types of tensile stress on osteoblasts differ.Studies have shown that a strain rate within the range of 0-12%has a promoting effect on osteoblast proliferation.(5)Fluid shear stress can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and enhance the bone-inducing effect of biomaterials.(6)Static hydrostatic pressure can affect the biological behavior of osteoblasts,including proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis,and these effects are closely related to the time and intensity of the pressure.Understanding the effects of different biomechanical forces on osteoblasts is of great significance for a deeper understanding of bone growth and maintenance mechanisms.

Objective·To study the alterations in vestibular hair cell morphology and function of ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+transporting 2 oblivion(Atp2b2 Oblivion)heterozygous mice at different ages.Methods·Atp2b2 Oblivion heterozygous male mice aged 2 months and 8 months were selected with ten in each kind and C57BL/6J wild-type mice with the same gender,age and number were selected as the control group.Expression patterns of ATP2B2 in vestibular hair cells and numbers of hair cells in the striola zone and the extra striola zone in the two groups of mice at different ages were observed and calculated respectively through immunofluorescence assay.Hair bundle structures were detected by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and mitochondria and ribbon synapse structures were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Vestibular evoked potential(VsEP),vestibular evoked myogenic potential(VEMP),rotarod rod test,and balance beam test were adopted for the evaluation of vestibular functions.Results·ATP2B2 was mainly expressed in the hair bundle of vestibular hair cells in the two groups of mice.Hair cell numbers in the striola zone and the extra-striola zone did not exhibit any differences between Atp2b2 Oblivion heterozygous mutant mice and wild-type mice of 2-month-old and 8-month-old.No visible structural abnormality in the hair bundle could be seen through SEM.TEM results implied no morphological abnormality in mitochondria or ribbon synapses in the 2-month-old heterozygous mutant mice,while vacuolar degeneration was discovered in the mitochondria under the cuticular plate in the 8-month-old heterozygous mutant mice with the normal ribbon synapses and the normal mitochondria near the innervation site.VsEP and VEMP thresholds of 2-month-old and 8-month-old Atp2b2 Oblivion heterozygous mutant mice were significantly elevated compared with the wild-type mice.Analysis of VsEP waveform manifested prolonged P1 latency and declined P1N1 amplitude in heterozygous mutant mice(P＜0.05).Results of rotarod rod test and balance beam test acquired from 2-month-old Atp2b2 Oblivion heterozygous mutant mice were not significantly different from the wild-type mice,while the ability of the mutant mice to accomplish the tests descended significantly at 8 months of age compared with the wild-type mice(P＜0.05).Conclusion·Atp2b2 Oblivion heterozygous mutant mice showed defective vestibular electrophysiological function at 2 months old,and abnormalities in vestibule-related behaviors can be detected at 8 months old.The vestibular function ofAtp2b2 Oblivion heterozygous mutant mice deteriorate progressively.

Objective:To investigate the application value of laparoscopic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) based on purse-string suture for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 14 patients undergoing laparoscopic NOSES based on purse-string suture for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2022 to June 2023 were collected. There were 8 males and 6 females, aged (56±10)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical conditions; (2) postoperative conditions; (3) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Surgical conditions. All patients underwent laparoscopic NOSES based on purse-string suture for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer successfully, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time of 14 patients was (162±32)minutes, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was (22±12)mL. (2) Postoperative conditions. Time to postoperative first out-of-bed activity, time to postoperative first flatus, time to postoperative first drinking, time to postoperative initial liquid food intake, duration of postoperative hospital stay of 14 patients were (1.6±0.7)days, (2.1±0.6)days, (2.4±0.6)days, (3.8±1.0)days, (6.0±0.9)days, respectively. None of patient had perioperative complications such as postoperative anastomotic leakage and bleeding. (3) Follow-up. All 14 patients were followed up for (9.7±1.9)months. There was no postoperative recurrence, metastasis or death in 14 pati-ents.Conclusion:The laparoscopic NOSES based on purse-string suture can be used for sigmoid colon and upper rectal cancer, which is safe and feasible.

Objective:To study the differentially expressed genes (DEG) during the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into pericytes and endothelial cells, and to identify key molecules and signaling pathways that may regulate this differentiation process.Methods:hiPSC and hESC were selected and expanded using mTeSR medium. A "two-step method" was used to induce the differentiation of hiPSC and hESC into pericytes and endothelial cells. Pericytes were identified using immunofluorescence staining, while endothelial cells were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. Total RNA samples were extracted on days 0, 4, 7, and 10 of differentiation and consistently significant DEGs were screened. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the screened DEGs.Results:Both hiPSCs and hESCs successfully differentiated into pericytes and endothelial cells under induction conditions. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that with the extension of differentiation time, the DEGs in hiPSCs and hESCs were significantly upregulated or downregulated, following a generally consistent trend. During the differentiation process, marker genes for pericytes and endothelial cells were significantly upregulated. A total of 491 persistent DEGs were detected in both hiPSC and hESC, with 164 unique to hiPSCs and 335 to hESCs, while 8 DEGs were co-expressed in both cell lines. Among these, SLC30A3, LCK, TNFRSF8, PRDM14, and GLB1L3 showed sustained downregulation, whereas CLEC18C, CLEC18B, and F2RL2 exhibited sustained upregulation. GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs with sustained upregulation were primarily enriched in terms related to neurogenesis, differentiation, and developmental proteins, while DEGs with sustained downregulation were enriched in terms related to membrane structure and phospholipid metabolic processes. KEGG pathway analysis showed that upregulated genes were primarily enriched in cancer-related pathways, pluripotency regulatory pathways, the Wnt signaling pathway, and the Hippo signaling pathway, whereas downregulated genes were predominantly enriched in metabolism-related pathways. Conclusions:During the differentiation of hiPSC and hESC into pericytes and endothelial cells, 8 DEGs exhibit sustained specific expression changes. These changes may promote pericyte and endothelial cell differentiation by activating the Wnt and Hippo pathways, inhibiting metabolic pathways, releasing the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, affecting the cell cycle, and inhibiting cell proliferation.

Femoral neck fracture (FNF) in the elderly patients is currently a major health challenge worldwide, with excessive consumption of medical resources, high incidence of complications as well as suboptimal outcome and prognosis. Hip joint arthroplasty (HJA) has been the mainstream treatment for FNF in the elderly, but the conventional surgical approaches and techniques are still confronted with a series of bottlenecks such as dislocation, limp and limb length discrepancy. In recent years, direct anterior approach (DAA) for HJA (DAA-HJA) has been a major new choice in the field of joint replacement, which achieves improved clinical effectiveness of HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF, due to the fact that DAA approach involves the neuromuscular interface and accords with the idea of soft tissue retention and enhanced recovery after surgery. However, there is still a lack of unified understanding of standard technique and procedure of DAA-HJA in the treatment of elderly FNF. Therefore, relevant experts from the Hip Joint Group of Chinese Orthopedics Association of Chinese Medical Association, Youth Arthrology Group of Orthopedic Committee of PLA, Orthopedic Committee of Chongqing Medical Association, Branch of Orthopedic Surgeons of Chongqing Medical Doctor Association and Sport Medicine Committee of Chongqing Medical Association were organized to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the technical standard of direct anterior hip arthroplasty for elderly femoral neck fracture ( version 2023)" based on evidence-based medicine. This consensus mainly proposed 13 recommendations covering indications, surgical plans, prosthesis selections, surgical techniques and processes, and postoperative management of DAA-HJA in elderly patients with FNF, aiming to promote standardized, systematic and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment to improve the functional prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of flap combined with 3D printed microporous titanium(tantalum)prosthesis in the treatment of lower extremity soft tissue defect with large bone defect.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, 2 patients with large soft tissue defects on dorsal foot together with large metatarsal bone defect and 4 patients with soft tissue defects of calf with large tibial bone defect were treated. The areas of soft tissue defect were 5.0 cm×8.0 cm-15.0 cm×10.0 cm. The length of the bone defect were 3.8 cm to 7.0 cm, 5.75 cm in average. In the first stage, metatarsal bone defect or tibial bone defect was filled with vancomycin blended bone cement, meanwhile, soft tissue defect was repaired with anterolateral femoral flap(ALTF) with vascular anastomosis in 2 cases of feet, and local fascia flap was trans-positioned in 4 cases of lower extremity defects. The sizes of repairing flap were 6.0 cm×8.5 cm-16.0 cm×11.0 cm. Two to 7 months after the initial surgery, the customer designed microporous titanium prostheses were used(5 cases with microporous titanium and 1 with microporous tantalum) to repair the bone defects. The wound healing, the integration of metatarsal and tibial fractures with 3D printed microporous titanium(tantalum) prostheses, and the walking condition were observed after surgery. The follow-up lasted from 6 to 25 months, with an average of 12.7 months.Results:The wound healing in 5 patients was good. The patients stood on the foot in 2 months after surgery, started to walk with the assistance of crutch in 3 months after surgery, and took walk without assistance in 5-6 months after surgery. Good osseous integration were achieved. One diabetic patient had infection of foot wound 3 months after surgery. After removal of microporous titanium prosthesis and replacement of vancomycin blended interstitial substance of bone cement, the wound healed and the patient resumed walking.Conclusion:It is an effective method to encourage the patients to take early ambulation after the surgery for lower extremity soft tissue defect with large bone defect that was repaired by a flap and 3D printed microporous titanium(tantalum)prosthesis. Further observations are required to investigate the long-term efficacy, and the reduction of prosthesis infection rate requires further exploration.

Silicone oil is widely used in intraocular filling of fundus disease after vitrectomy, which improves retinal reattachment rate andpostoperative visual function of patients. With the era of minimally invasive vitreous surgery coming, the utilization rate of silicone oil filling is decreasing, however, it still plays an indispensable role in the surgical treatment of complex fundus diseases. In the process of using silicone oil, the indications should be strictly selected, and the potential risks should be fully considered and possibly avoided. The study of vitreous substitutes with certain physiological functions is currently a research hotspot in the field of fundus diseases.