Objective To explore the impact of national volume-based procurement policies on the use of medicines in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） and provide data support for the rational clinical use of medicines in BPH treatment. Methods Data on the use of BPH treatment medications from 2019 to 2023 were extracted from the Chinese Medicine Economic Information Network （CMEI）, covering 892 hospitals （including 645 tertiary hospitals and 247 secondary hospitals）. The changes in various indicators, including the consumption sum, Defined daily doses （DDDs）, Defined daily dose cost （DDDc）, and the ranking ratio （B/A） of these drugs were analyzed and compared. Results From 2019 to 2023, due to the influence of relevant policies, the overall consumption sums of medicines used in the sample hospitals in BPH treatment showed a trend of decreasing first and then rising steadily. The DDDs showed an overall upward trend, while the DDDc demonstrated a gradual decline. Tamsulosin and finasteride consistently ranked first and second in DDDs. The B/A value for tamsulosin was significantly higher than that of other BPH treatment medications. Conclusion The implementation of national centralized drug volume-based procurement policies and other policies from 2019 to 2023 had effectively reduced the economic burden of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin and finasteride, which had the highest B/A in the two categories of α-blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors, dominated the market for BPH treatment. The clinical use of BPH treatment medications was relatively rational.

Animal experiments are an essential component of life sciences and medical research. However, the external validity and reliability of individual animal studies are frequently challenged by inherent limitations such as small sample sizes, high design heterogeneity, and poor reproducibility, which impede the effective translation of research findings into clinical practice. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis represent a key methodology for integrating existing evidence and enhancing the robustness of conclusions. Currently, however, the application of systematic reviews and meta-analysis in the field of animal experiments lacks standardized guidelines for their conduct and reporting, resulting in inconsistent quality and, to some extent, diminishing their evidence value. To address this issue, this paper aims to systematically delineate the reporting process for systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and to propose a set of standardized recommendations that are both scientific and practical. The article's scope encompasses the entire process, from the preliminary preparatory phase [including formulating the population， intervention， comparison and outcome （PICO） question, assessing feasibility, and protocol pre-registration] to the key writing points for each section of the main report. In the core methods section, the paper elaborates on how to implement literature searches, establish eligibility criteria, perform data extraction, and assess the risk of bias, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis （PRISMA) statement, in conjunction with relevant guidelines and tools such as Animal Research： Reporting of in Vivo Experiments （ARRIVE) and a risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). For the presentation of results, strategies are proposed for clear and transparent display using flow diagrams and tables of characteristics. The discussion section places particular emphasis on how to scientifically interpret pooled effects, thoroughly analyze sources of heterogeneity, evaluate the impact of publication bias, and cautiously discuss the validity and limitations of extrapolating findings from animal studies to clinical settings. Furthermore, this paper recommends adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to comprehensively grade the quality of evidence. Through a modular analysis of the entire reporting process, this paper aims to provide researchers in the field with a clear and practical guide, thereby promoting the standardized development of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of animal experiments and enhancing their application value in scientific decision-making and translational medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of dabrafenib （DAB） combined with tremelimumab （TREM） on melanoma. Methods The effects of DAB combined with TREM on cell viability, cytotoxicity and cell migration of A375 cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8） method, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） method and scratch assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, adenosine triphosphate （ATP）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were detected to evaluate the effects of combined drugs on oxidative stress and energy metabolism. In addition, A375 tumor-bearing nude mice model was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the combined treatment on tumor growth in vivo, and the degree of cell apoptosis and cell proliferation in tumor tissues were analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutP Nick end labeling （TUNEL） and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） immunohistochemical staining. Results The combined treatment significantly inhibited the survival rate and migration ability of A375 cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity. The combined intervention also significantly increased ROS level, decreased ATP, SOD and MDA levels. It effectively inhibited tumor growth in tumor-bearing nude mice, increased the apoptosis rate of tumor cells and inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusion DAB combined with TREM may improve the therapeutic effect of melanoma by enhancing oxidative stress, inhibiting energy metabolism, and promoting cell apoptosis. This combination therapy may provide a new therapeutic strategy to overcome the limitations of singledrug therapy.

Objective: To analyze the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 in Baoshan City, so as to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of eliminating and consolidating iodine deficiency disorders in Baoshan City. Methods: From 2018 to 2024, a stratified random sampling method was used to sample 7 363 non boarding children aged 8-10 from 35 survey sites in 5 counties of Baoshan City (Longyang County, Shidian County, Changning County, Tengchong City, Longling County). The salt iodine content and urinary iodine concentration were detected, and the thyroid volume of children was measured by ultrasound. Group comparison was conducted by using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Chi square test. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of salt iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid volume. Results: A total of 7 361 samples of household edible salt for children were detected. The iodized salt coverage rate was 99.70%, the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 97.02 %. The proportion of unqualified iodized salt fluctuated and decreased from 3.14% in 2018 to 2.14% in 2024. The median iodine content of household edible salt for children was 23.70 (21.60, 25.80) mg/kg. The median urinary iodine of children was 217.41 (152.40, 294.59) μg/L, and the proportions of iodine deficiency, adequate iodine, and iodine excess were 9.75 %, 66.66%, and 23.58%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the median urinary iodine of children among different years, ages, genders and before and after the supply of non iodized salt ( Z/H =134.88, 11.04,-4.28,-2.66, all P < 0.01). An average thyroid volume of children was 3.32 (2.77, 3.93) mL, with a goiter rate of 1.91%. Before and after the implementation of non iodized salt supply in Baoshan City in 2023, there were no statistically significant differences in the median iodine content of household edible salt and the goiter rate of children ( Z/χ 2=-1.54, 3.25, both P >0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in the qualified status of iodized salt, the median urinary iodine, and the frequency distribution of urinary iodine ( χ 2/Z =15.53,-2.66, 10.14, all P <0.05). Salt iodine was positively correlated with urinary iodine ( r =0.04) and negatively correlated with thyroid volume ( r =-0.07), and urinary iodine was negatively correlated with thyroid volume ( r =-0.03) (all P < 0.05 ). The thyroid volume of children consuming iodized salt was larger than that of children consuming non iodized salt ( H = 9.99 ), and there were statistically significant differences in thyroid volume among children with different urinary iodine levels ( H =15.13) (both P <0.01). Conclusions From 2018 to 2024, the overall iodine nutritional level of children aged 8-10 in Baoshan City is at an adequate level. The elimination status of iodine deficiency disorders has been continuously consolidated.

Drug-induced liver injury （DILI） has a complex mechanism involving various pathways with a synergistic effect on each other and a causal relationship with each other， among which immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DILI. In the context of genetic background， drug active metabolites， drug-molecule complexes， and danger signal molecules may be used as the trigger factors for immune response in DILI， activating the mechanism of drug antigenic hypersensitivity， P-i hypothesis， and danger signal mechanism in innate immunity. The cascade reaction of innate immunity and adaptive immunity leads to the imbalance of the innate immune tolerance of the liver and thus causes immunoinflammatory injury of liver tissue. This article mainly elaborates on the immunological mechanism of DILI， in order to provide new ideas for the research and development of therapeutic targets for DILI and the methods for avoiding adverse drug reactions.

Sha （痧） is an acute infectious disease characterised by the appearance of rashes on the skin， caused by exposure to epidemic toxin and pestilent qi. Sha Zhang Yu Heng （《痧胀玉衡》） discussed the treatment principles and methods， and listed collateral bloodletting as one of the main treatments. Through organizing the articles and proved cases， we found that the author believes Sha （痧） is caused by epidemic pathogen， belonging to heat toxin with rapid changes， so timely treatment for qi and blood simultaneously could achieve the effect of transforming qi into defensive qi. Sha Zhang Yu Heng focuses on patient's position during treatmet， the material of the needle， the site of treatment， the quantum of stimulation and the operation of the contraindications and other essentials. According to the depth of the disease location， use traditional Chinese herbal medicine， scraping together to identify the root of the disease. In addition， diet suggestions for the prevention of the recrudescence of disease are also described in detail.

ObjectiveTo investigate the high-risk detection rate and aggregation of cardiovascular diseases（CVD） in 8 districts of Shanghai and influencing factors， and to provide scientific references for prevention and control of CVD. MethodsBased on the Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Management Program in Shanghai from 2016 to 2021， 104 685 participants aged 35 to 75 in 8 districts of Shanghai were selected for analysis. χ² test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis of the influencing factors of CVD and aggregation of CVD. ResultsThe proportion of high-risk CVD individuals in the population was 19.17%， including the high-risk individuals with hypertension （8.65%）， dyslipidemia （6.33%）， CVD history （5.58%）， and WHO assessed risk ≥20% types （2.69%）， respectively. Old age， overweight and obesity， central obesity， smoking， drinking， farmers， unmarried， and low family income were the risk factors of CVD， while high education level was the protective factor. In the participants， 16 323 people （81.34%） were classified as CVD high-risk groups； The number of aggregation of 1， 2 and ≥3 high risk types of CVD were 16 323（81.34%）， 3 236（16.13%）， 509（2.54%）， respectively. Old age， low education level， low annual family income， farmers， unmarried， smoking， drinking， overweight， obesity and central obesity were associated with the risk of aggregation of high risk types of CVD， and the correlation strength increased with the increase of aggregation types. ConclusionThe prevention and control of CVD in Shanghai should focus on the hypertension， elderly， overweight， obesity， central obesity， smoking， drinking， low educated， low family income， farmers and unmarried people， and targeted intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of CVD among residents.

Clinically,pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive tumor,and neurotropic growth is an important biological feature of pancreatic cancer.Nerve invasion brings great pain burden to patients,and it seriously affects the quality of life and the will to survive of patients.The"three-step analgesia principle"for the management of cancer pain proposed by World Health Organization(WHO)is a traditional therapeutic regimen for cancer pain.However,because of its obvious toxic side effects,poor efficacy,easy addiction,easy drug resistance,non-standard medication of clinical physicians,etc.,the"three-step analgesia principle"is unable to meet the needs of the patient's condition..In recent years,with the development of interventional technology and the development of extensive clinical trials,the interventional means,which is regarded as the"fourth step"of cancer pain management,has achieved great clinical effect,it includes various therapeutic methods and imaging-guided techniques such as neural destruction(denervation),125I particle implantation,patient-controlled analgesic pump technology,implantation of intrathecal drug infusion system,etc.,and clinical practice has proved that these techniques have significant clinical efficacy and they can provide a convenient,safe and effective treatment method for HCC patients.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory disease mortality in Baoshan residents during the period of 2009‒2020. MethodsRespiratory disease deaths of Baoshan residents from 2009‒2020 were collected. ICD-10 codes were used to classify the causes of death， and R-4.2.1 was applied for statistical analysis. The average annual percent change （AAPC） of standardized mortality rates of different respiratory diseases were analyzed by using Joinpoint 4.9.0.0. ResultsThe average annual mortality rate of respiratory diseases in Baoshan from 2009 to 2020 was 58.86/10⁵， and the standardized mortality rate was 35.62/10⁵， which was the 3rd leading cause of mortality. The mortality rate of respiratory diseases was higher in men than in women （χ²=46.70， P<0.001）. COPD ranked first among respiratory diseases in Baoshan from 2009 to 2020， followed by pneumonia， asthma and pneumoconiosis in that order. The standardized mortality rate for COPD decreased from 38.66/10⁵ in 2009 to 19.88/10⁵ in 2020 （AAPC=-6.6%， 95%CI： -8.2% to -4.9%， P<0.001）. The standardized mortality rate of asthma decreased from 2.86/10⁵ in 2009 to 1.43/10⁵ in 2020 （AAPC=-5.8%， 95%CI： -8.8% to -2.8%， P<0.01）. The standardized mortality rate of pneumoconiosis decreased from 0.64/10⁵ in 2009 to 0.12/10⁵ in 2020 （AAPC=-7.4%， 95%CI： -13.0% to -1.5%， P<0.05）. The standardized mortality rate for pneumonia decreased from 2.63/10⁵ in 2009 to 0.70/10⁵ in 2020 （AAPC=-6.2%， 95%CI： -12.2% to 0.2%， P=0.056）， but not statistically significant. The annual average mortality rates of COPD， pneumonia and asthma were all highest in January. Crude mortality rates for COPD （χ²=2 669.01， P<0.001）， pneumonia （χ²=217.82， P<0.001）， asthma （χ²=100.09， P<0.001）， pneumoconiosis （χ²=26.46， P<0.001） and all categories of respiratory diseases （χ²=2 995.84， P<0.001） increased with age showed an increasing trend. The crude mortality rates for COPD （χ²=101.69， P<0.001）， pneumonia （χ²=7.39， P<0.01） and asthma （χ²=7.41， P<0.01） were higher in the central than in the northern part of Baoshan District， while the crude mortality rate for COPD （χ²=19.97， P<0.001） was higher in the central than in the southern part. ConclusionThe attention should be focused on COPD； increased detection in males and the elderly， especially in winter and spring； and a good balance between environmental and economic when planning the regional development.