Objective:To explore the association between cognitive function and the level of gamma-amino-butyric acid(GABA)in anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)before and after treatment in patients with major depres-sion disorder.Methods:Totally 31 medication-naive patients with major depression disorder meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)and 33 normal controls were col-lected.Each eligible patient received treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agents for 8 weeks.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)was used to evaluate the cognitive function.By means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,anterior cingulate cortex GABA concentrations were measured.Results:At base-line,the concentration of ACC GABA relative to water(GABA+/W)was lower in the patient group than in the control group(P＜0.05)and increased after treatment(P＜0.05).ACC GABA+/W was negatively associated with verbal learning and visual memory score in patient group at baseline(correlation coefficient and P value were r=-0.40,P＜0.05;r=-0.42,P＜0.05,respectively).The ACC GABA+/W difference resulted of treatment in patient group was positively associated with the difference of working memory score and the difference of reasoning and problem-solving score(correlation coefficient and P value were r=0.58,P＜0.05;r=0.66,P＜0.05,respec-tively).Conclusion:The cognitive dysfunction of patients with major depression disorder may not be related to the degree of depression and anxiety.And improvement of cognitive function may be associated with increase of ACC GABA concentrations.

AIM:To explore the expression of calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2(CALCOCO2)in ani-mal models of atrial fibrillation(AF)and its role and mechanism in reversing atrial remodeling in AF mice.METHODS:Twelve rats and 12 mice were randomly divided into the following 2 groups(n=6 each):saline control group(saline group)and angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-induced AF group(Ang Ⅱ group).Western blot and immunohistochemistry(IHC)were used to detect CALCOCO2 expression in rat and mouse atrial muscle tissues.Another 24 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 each):saline-oeNC,Ang Ⅱ-oeNC,saline-oeCALCOCO2,and Ang Ⅱ-oeCALCOCO2.An adeno-asso-ciated virus was used to induce CALCOCO2 overexpression in mouse atrial myocardium.Subsequently,transthoracic echocardiography and intracardiac electrophysiological testing were used to compare mouse cardiac function among the 4 groups.Western blot and TUNEL staining were also used to evaluate the effect of CALCOCO2 on apoptosis of cardiomyo-cytes in AF models.Additionally,IHC was used to assess the effect of CALCOCO2 on the levels of oxidative stress-related proteins[NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)and NOX4]and fibrosis-related proteins[collagen type Ⅰ(Col Ⅰ),connexin 40(Cx40)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)]in AF atrial myocardium.RESULTS:The CALCOCO2 protein level in the atrial myocardium of rats and mice was significantly decreased in Ang Ⅱ group compared with saline group,as detected by Western blot and IHC(0.19±0.01 vs 0.32±0.03 for rats,0.37±0.10 vs 1.00±0.10 for mice,P<0.01).Compared with Ang Ⅱ-oeNC group,the mice in Ang Ⅱ-oeCALCOCO2 group exhibited decreased left atrial inner diameter,shorter AF duration,and increased ejection fraction(P<0.05).Semi-quantitative analysis of TUNEL staining revealed a signifi-cantly decreased apoptosis rate of mouse atrial myocytes in Ang Ⅱ-oeCALCOCO2 group compared with Ang Ⅱ-oeNC group(0.30±0.06 vs 0.61±0.03,P<0.01),which was consistent with the Western blot trend of apoptosis-related proteins such as BAX(1.94±0.34 vs 3.14±0.34,P<0.05)and cleaved caspase-3(2.19±0.41 vs 3.52±0.55,P<0.05).The semi-quantitative results of IHC and immunofluorescence revealed significantly increased levels of oxidative stress-related pro-teins(NOX2 and NOX4)and fibrosis-related proteins(Col Ⅰ and α-SMA),as well as decreased Cx40 levels,in Ang Ⅱ-oeNC group compared with saline-oeNC group.However,the expression levels of these proteins were significantly re-versed after CALCOCO2 overexpression(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Overexpression of CALCOCO2 reverses AF-in-duced electrical and structural remodeling by inhibiting the oxidative stress,apoptosis and fibrosis in mouse atrial tissues.

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) in patients with heart failure.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of patients with heart failure who underwent CCM placement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February to June 2022. With a follow-up of 3 months, CCM sensation, impedance, percent output, and work time were monitored, and patients were compared with pre-and 3-month postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values, and 6-minute walk test distance and New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification, and the occurrence of complications was recorded.Results:CCM was successfully implanted in all 9 patients. Seven(7/9) of them were male, aged (56±14) years, 3 patients had ischaemic cardiomyopathy and 6 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. At 3-month postoperative follow-up, threshold was stable, sense was significantly lower at follow-up than before (right ventricle: (16.3±7.0) mV vs. (8.2±1.1) mV, P<0.05; local sense: (15.7±4.9) mV vs. (6.7±2.5) mV, P<0.05), and impedance was significantly lower at follow-up than before (right ventricle (846±179) Ω vs. (470±65) Ω, P<0.05, local sense: (832±246) Ω vs. (464±63) Ω, P<0.05). The CCM output percentage was (86.9±10.7) %, the output amplitude was (6.7±0.4) V, and the daily operating time was (8.6±1.0) h. LVEF was elevated compared to preoperative ((29.4±5.2) % vs. (38.3±4.3) %, P<0.05), the 6-minute walk test was significantly longer than before ((96.8±66.7)m vs. (289.3±121.7)m, P<0.05). No significant increase in the number of NYHA Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients was seen (7/9 vs. 2/9, P>0.05). The patient was not re-hospitalised for worsening heart failure symptoms, had no malignant arrhythmic events and experienced significant relief of symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath. No postoperative complications related to pocket hematoma, pocket infection and rupture, electrode detachment, valve function impairment, pericardial effusion, or cardiac perforation were found. Conclusions:CCM has better short-term safety and efficacy in patients with heart failure.

Objective:To explore the related risk factors for systemic embolism (SE) in patients aged≥75 years with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).Methods:A case-control study. NVAF patients aged≥75 years who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from October 2018 to October 2020 were divided into no SE ( n=1 127) and SE ( n=433) groups according to the occurrence of SE after NVAF. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze SE-related factors in patients with NVAF without anticoagulation treatment. Results:In the multivariate model, the following factors were associated with an increased risk of SE in patients with NVAF: history of AF≥5 years [odds ratio ( OR)=2.75, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.98-3.82, P<0.01], lipoprotein(a)>300 g/L ( OR=2.07, 95% CI 1.50-2.84, P<0.01), apolipoprotein (Apo)B>1.2 g/L ( OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.25-2.93, P=0.003), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30%-49% ( OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.63-3.69, P<0.01), left atrial diameter>40 mm ( OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.16-2.07, P=0.003), and CHA 2DS 2-VASc score≥3 ( OR=15.14, 95% CI 2.05-112.13, P=0.01). ApoAI>1.6 g/L was negatively correlated with the occurrence of SE ( OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.51, P<0.01). Conclusions:History of AF≥5 years, lipoprotein(a)>300 g/L, elevated ApoB, left atrial diameter>40 mm, LVEF of 30%-49%, and CHA 2DS 2-VASC score≥3 are independent risk factors for SE whereas ApoAI>1.6 g/L is a protective factor against SE in patients with NVAF.

Objective: Present study analyzed the association betwen the postassium voltage-gated channel KQT-like subfamily member 1 gene (KCNQ1) mutation and the clinical and the electrocardiographic features in 2 pedigrees with congenital long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods: Three family members were diagnosed as LQT1 patients in 2 Uygur congenital LQT1 families, these 3 LQT1 patients served as long QT group, 24 Uygur healthy volunteers served as control group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and the gene detection were applied to compare the ECG and molecular genetic features between the long QT group and control group, and to explore the relationship between the KCNQ1 gene mutation and the clinical and the electrocardiographic features in these 2 families with congenital long QT syndrome type 1. Results: The LQT1 was diagnosed in 3 cases of the 2 pedigrees. The common features of ECG were QTc>480 ms, prolonged ST segment, and delayed T wave. The gene test evidenced a polymorphism of KCNQ1 gene exon 13:47G➝A(R16R). The mutation of 133G➝A9(G45S) of exon 16 resulted in the change of the original glycine (G) to serine (s). The ECG of the control group were normal, and there were no KCNQ1 gene mutations in control group. Conclusion The exon sequencing results of KCNQ1 gene in 2 Xinjiang Uygur congenital long LQT1 families showed that exon16 missense changes (133G to A (G45S)) can lead to amino acid mutation, this mutation may be a pathogenic mutation. Subsequent validation of the expanded sample will provide a reference for revealing the relationship between the KCNQ1 gene and the pathogenesis of LQT1.

Objective To evaluate the association between LDL-C and ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).Method A total of 2 470 patients with nonvalvular AF were included in the present study.The clinical data and laboratory examination results of the patients in the hospital were collected.The subjects were either divided into the ischemic stroke history (n =560),and non-ischemic stroke history groups (n =1 910),or divided into the low-middle risk (n =566) and high risk groups (n =1 904) based on CHA2 DS2-VASc score.Results There were significant differences in the proportion of Han,the ratio of gender,age,hemoglobin,hematocrit,ALT,serum uric acid,HDL-C and LDL-C between the patients with ischemic stroke history and without (all P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,there were significant differences in the proportion of Han,the ratio of gender,age,white blood cell count,hemoglobin,hematocrit,platelet count,ALT,albumin,TG and LDL-C between subjects in the low-middle risk group and those in the high risk group (all P ＜ 0.05).A logistical regression analysis showed that LDL-C was an independent risk factor for both the ischemic stroke history (OR 2.089,95％ CI 1.860-2.347,P ＜0.05),and future ischemic stroke risk (OR 1.270,95％ CI 1.079-1.494,P ＜ 0.05) in patients with nonvalvular AF.Conclusion LDL-C is associated with ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF,and it is also an independent risk factor for future ischemic stroke in these patients.

Objective: To conduct a preliminary evaluation for the usability of Carelink remote monitoring system by clinical physician. Methods: A total of 215 patients received cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) with Carelink remote monitoring function from 12 hospitals in China between 2012-01 and 2013-10 were prospectively enrolled. The patient's mean age was (62.3±14.3) years including 108 male and 107 female. There were 54 physicians completed questionnaire survey. Based on the type of CIED, the patients were divided into3 groups: PM (pace maker) group,n=110, ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) group,n=54 and CRT (cardiac resynchronization therapy) group,n=51. The patients received routine hospital visit at 3 months of CIED implantation and meanwhile, they performed device data transmission at 3 and 6 months of Carelink remote monitoring. The time physician spent to evaluate data was collected at 3 months and the questionnaire survey was completed by physician at 6 months after CIED implantation. Results: All 54 physicians felt that Carelink remote monitoring system was simple to operate and easy to use. There were 147 patients ifnished hospital visit at 3 months after CIED implantation, the mean time for physician to evaluate data was (14.8±8.4) min; 150 patients ifnished Carelink remote monitor at 3 months after CIED implantation, the mean time for physician to evaluate data was (8.2 ±4.6) min,P<0.0001.Conclusion: Carelink remote monitoring system was easy to use, it may save time in follow-up study which with high satisfaction in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the effect of different doses of octreotide acetate on the clinical efficacy of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Ninety patients with SAP were admitted to the Department of First Aid Medicine Second Section of the First Hospital of Jilin University from September 2013 to January 2016, and according to difference in drug doses, they were divided into octreotide small dose, moderate dose and large dose groups, 30 cases in each group. All the three groups were given the basic treatment, and in the mean time octreotide 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg respectively was dissolved in 0.9 % sodium chloride 100 mL, then the low, moderate and high dose solutions were intravenously continuously infused by a micro pump into the veins of patients in respective small, medium and large dose groups, once every 12 hours, for a total of 20 days. The times of improvement of clinical symptoms (such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting), blood amylase recovery time, hospitalization time and clinical efficacy, the incidence of shock, renal insufficiency and other complications were compared among the three groups.Results With the increase of drug dosage, the symptom improvement time (days) was gradually decreased (5.0±1.2, 3.0±1.2, 2.8±1.2) in small, medium and large dose groups, the recovery time of blood amylase and hospitalization time were the shortest in medium dosage group, less than those in large and small dosage groups [blood amylase recovery time (days): 4.5±1.0 vs. 6.0±1.0, 4.6±1.0, hospitalization time (days) 12.0±1.5 vs. 15.0±1.5, 12.5±1.5], the total effective rate was the highest in the middle dosegroup, higher than those in the large and small dose groups [96.7% (29/30) vs. 93.3% (28/30), 83.3% (25/30)]; the incidence of complications was the highest in the lowdose group, higher than those in the middle and large dose groups [26.67% (8/30) vs. 10.0% (3/30), 13.3% (4/30)].Conclusions When using micro infusion pump for intravenous infusion of octreotide, the efficacy of moderate dose is better than that of small dose, but compared with the efficacy in large dose group, no significant difference is seen.

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on autophagy and apoptosis of lung cells in rats with acute paraquat poisoning.Methods A total of 150 Wistar rats were randomly (random number) divided into three groups.The rats in control group had stomach lavaged once with 1 mL of normal saline followed by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL normal saline twice a day.PQ poisoning model was produced by stomach lavaged once with 1 mL of 40 mg/kg PQ solution followed by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL normal saline once a day.In PQ + ulinastatin (PU) group,UTI in dose of 12 000 U/kg was intraperitoneally injected in rats twice a day.The lung tissue was obtained on the 7th day after modeling,and the histopathological changes were observed under microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The positive expressions of autophagy-related LC3 protein LC3 and Bcl-2 pretein in lung tissue were observed after immunohistochemistry staining,and the levels of LC3、Bax 、Bcl-2 proteins were determined by Western blot.Results HE staining Results showed:it was observed from the PQ poisoning group that the abnormal cellular structure,enlargement in the pulmonary alveoli,leaking a lot of inflammatory cells,increased thickness of the alveoli wall and bleeding in the local area of lung tissue.Compared with the PQ poisoning group,the above changes in ulinastatin groups were relieved.Western blot Results showed:compared with the control group,the protein expressions of LC3-A/B were significantly increased in PQ poisoning group [LC3-A/B expression (A scale):0.22 ± 0.05 vs.0.14 ± 0.03,F =22.48,P ＜ 0.01].compared with PQ group,the expression of LC3 A/B obviously increased in the group of PU [LC3-A/B expression (A scale):0.36 ± 0.08 vs.0.22 ± 0.05,F =22.78,P ＜ 0.01].compared with Con group,the expression of Bcl-2/Bax obviously decreased in the group of PQ [Bcl-2/Bax expression (A scale),0.11 ±0.04 vs.0.83 ± 0.09,F =154.43,P ＜ 0.01].Compared with PQ poisoning group,the protein expressions of Bcl-2/Bax were obviously increased in PU groups [Bcl-2/Bax expression (A scale):(0.63 ± 018) vs.(0.11 ±0.04),F =154.43,P ＜0.01].Immunohistochemistry result:compared with Con group,the expression of LC3 and Bcl-2 obviously decreased in the group of PQ [LC3expression (A scale):(78.34±10.71) vs.(117.58±15.26),F=31.63,P＜0.01) (Bcl-2 expression (A scale):(62.54±9.74)vs.(130.52 ± 9.86,F =118.44,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with PQ poisoning group,the protein expressions of LC3 and Bcl-2 were obviously increased in PU groups [LC3expression (A scale):(162.58 ± 25.76) vs.(78.34 ± 10.71),F=31.63,P＜0.01]; [Bcl-2 expression (A scale):(145.56±10.26) vs.(62.54±9.74),F=118.44,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions Theendoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy is activated in the lung cells of rats with acute PQ poisoning.UTI can adjust endoplasmic reticul um stress,increased the expression of Bcl-2 and enhance the proportion of Bcl-2/Bax to protect the lungs of rats from acute PQ poisoning.

Objective: To observe the clinical characteristics and current treatment status in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) at different grade hospitals in Xinjiang Area.
Methods: A total of 5357 patients with CHF diagnosis discharged from 20 different grade hospitals in Xinjiang area from 2011-01 to 2012-02 were enrolled. The age, gender, nationality, etiology of CHF, cardiac function, complications and current medication status in all patients were systemically studied.
Results:①There were 2295/5357 (42.8%) patients with Han nationality, 2255 (42.1%) with Uyghur nationality and 8.07 (15.1%) with other nationalities. The average age of patients was at (64.60 ± 12.77) years.②The etiology of CHF were, in turn, as: coronary artery disease (CAD) 50.8%, hypertension (31.8%), dilated cardiomyopathy (7.2%).③ The ratios of patients with NYHA III-IV in county hospital 440/682 (64.5%), in regional hospital 1180/1557 (75.8%) were higher than that that in grade A class 3 hospital 967/3118 (31.0%), ( =1390.362,P=0.000).④The patients in county hospital, regional hospital showed increased left atrial diameter (44.7 ± 8.8) mm, (39.5 ± 8.1) mm and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (60.6 ± 11.1) mm, (56.9 ± 11.1) mm than those in grade A class 3 hospital (37.3 ± 7.1) mm and (53.8 ± 9.7) mm; while decreased LVEF (41.9 ± 10.5) %, (42.3 ± 13.0) % than that in grade A class 3 hospital (46.5 ± 12.8), allP<0.001.⑤The medication status in different grade hospitals as ACEI/ARB, β-blocker, aldosterone antagonist, diuretics, digitalis were at 72.8%, 66.8%, 46.6% , 45.5% and 26.8% respectively. The application of ACEI/ARB and β-blocker in county hospital (61.4% and 51.5%) and in regional hospital (72.3% and 58.3%) were lower than those in grade A class 3 hospital (75.6% and 74.3%); while the application of aldosterone antagonist in county hospitals (57.9%) and in regional hospital (73.8%) were higher than that in grade A class 3 hospital (30.6%), allP<0.001.
Conclusion: The etiology of CHF were mainly as CAD and hypertension in Xinjiang area, the patients in county and regional hospitals had more severe conditions than that in grade A class 3 hospital, which implying the distance between the guideline standard and real practice especially in basic level hospitals.