Objective To explore the identification method,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics and individualized pharmacotherapy of asymptomatic hyperuricemia after renal transplantation.Methods The pharmacist was on duty at the organ transplant outpatient clinic.During this time,they analyzed and sorted out the medications,identified and differentiated a case of asymptomatic hyperuricemia related to spironolactone in a patient who had undergone a renal transplant,and provided comprehensive care throughout the entire process.Results The asymptomatic hyperuricemia in this patient might be associated with spironolactone,and the adverse reactions of the patient were alleviated by pharmacists through optimizing clinical treatment.Up to now,no hyperuricemia occurred.Conclusions Pharmacists are required to collaborate closely with clinicians to establish medication profiles for patients under long-term follow-up and to closely monitor and evaluate drug-related adverse reactions.Additionally,they should assess the renal function and immune status of transplant recipients promptly and formulate individualized treatment plans in order to enhance the long-term survival of both the transplanted kidneys and the recipients.

Objective To explore the identification method,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics and individualized pharmacotherapy of asymptomatic hyperuricemia after renal transplantation.Methods The pharmacist was on duty at the organ transplant outpatient clinic.During this time,they analyzed and sorted out the medications,identified and differentiated a case of asymptomatic hyperuricemia related to spironolactone in a patient who had undergone a renal transplant,and provided comprehensive care throughout the entire process.Results The asymptomatic hyperuricemia in this patient might be associated with spironolactone,and the adverse reactions of the patient were alleviated by pharmacists through optimizing clinical treatment.Up to now,no hyperuricemia occurred.Conclusions Pharmacists are required to collaborate closely with clinicians to establish medication profiles for patients under long-term follow-up and to closely monitor and evaluate drug-related adverse reactions.Additionally,they should assess the renal function and immune status of transplant recipients promptly and formulate individualized treatment plans in order to enhance the long-term survival of both the transplanted kidneys and the recipients.

AIM: To establish individualized drug therapy strategy for patients with rejection and hyperglycemia after liver transplantation. METHODS: Clinical pharmacist collaborated with the surgeons and participated in the diagnosis and treatment of rejection and hyperglycemia after liver transplantation. Taking together liver function, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug-drug interactions between tacrolimus and wuzhi capsule, individualized drug therapy was adapted to improve the prognosis. RESULTS: The patient recovered well and survived in good health till now. CONCLUSION: It is highly suggested that clinical pharmacists actively involved in treatment of more severe and difficult-to-treat disease and design the individualized dosing regimens. This will largely contribute in reduced adverse drug reaction, improved safety and effectiveness in drug use as well as the quality of life in the "post-transplantation era".

Objective To explore the possibities of routine disinfection for prosthetic sockets. Methods From June to August, 2016, 19 lower limbs prosthesis wearers wiped their prosthetic socket surfaces and sprayed the stump socks with a compound of quaternary ammoni-um salt every night for three weeks. Meanwhile, field investigation and sampling were carried out weekly. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudo-monas aeruginosa, Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans were isolated and identified, and colony counting was carried out. Results After disinfection, the number of bacteria on the prosthetic socket reduced 1.8-3.0 log, and the number of fungi reduced 1.6-1.9 log. One strain of Staphylococcus aureus and one strain of Escherichia Coli were isolated before disinfection and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated after disinfection. Eczema and itching symptoms relieved or disappeared and deodorant effect was distinguished after continuous disinfection. Conclusion Disinfection on prosthetic sockets with compound of quaternary ammonium salt may control the microbial contam-ination and odor, reduce the incidence of eczema and other skin diseases.

Objective To analyze the status and distribution of skin squamous cell carcinoma patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and to explore the relationship between HPV infection and skin squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The PCR technique was used to detect HPV DNA in 290 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin tissue samples after histopathological diagnosis,and the main detector type were 6,16 and 33.Results Among 290 cases with skin squamous cell carcinoma,196 cases had positive HPV,and HPV infection rate was 63.23％.HPV infection rate in male patients was 68.37％,and the rate was 31.63％ in female patients (P ＞ 0.05).Infection rate in high differentiation group (I ～II) was 67.87％,which was significantly higher than 47.38％ in low differentiation group (Ⅲ ～ IV) (P ＜0.05).Infection rates of HPV infection in regions such as head,face,neck,arms and legs,torso,and genitals,groin were 47.96％,26.53％,7.14％,26.53％,14.29％,and there were significant differences in different parts (P ＜ 0.05).Totally 57 cases were detected with high-risk type (HPV 16,33) infection,and 53 cases were with low-risk type (HPV6) infection.Conclusion HPV infection is significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

Objective To analyze the status and distribution of skin squamous cell carcinoma patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and to explore the relationship between HPV infection and skin squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The PCR technique was used to detect HPV DNA in 290 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin tissue samples after histopathological diagnosis,and the main detector type were 6,16 and 33.Results Among 290 cases with skin squamous cell carcinoma,196 cases had positive HPV,and HPV infection rate was 63.23％.HPV infection rate in male patients was 68.37％,and the rate was 31.63％ in female patients (P ＞ 0.05).Infection rate in high differentiation group (I ～II) was 67.87％,which was significantly higher than 47.38％ in low differentiation group (Ⅲ ～ IV) (P ＜0.05).Infection rates of HPV infection in regions such as head,face,neck,arms and legs,torso,and genitals,groin were 47.96％,26.53％,7.14％,26.53％,14.29％,and there were significant differences in different parts (P ＜ 0.05).Totally 57 cases were detected with high-risk type (HPV 16,33) infection,and 53 cases were with low-risk type (HPV6) infection.Conclusion HPV infection is significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

BACKGROUND:At present, there is no relevant systematic research about the effects of ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscles. OBJECTIVE:To extract the main features of the surface electromyography signals of the lower limbs from normal people with ankle-foot orthoses and to analyze the effects of the fixed ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscle fatigue. METHODS:Each of five male healthy young adults was respectively required to walk with and without special ankle-foot orthoses for three times. (1) Group 1, walking in a nature gait without orthoses. (2) Group 2, walking in a natural gait with ankle-foot orthoses (the ankle center was packaged over 1.0 cm by the orthoses that was recorded 1.0 cm); wearing the same orthoses but 1.0 cm in the ankle was removed and the ankle plastic edge was just through the ankle center to colect the data (recorded as 0 cm); after 1.0 cm was removed again in the ankle, walking in a natural gait (recorded as-1.0 cm). (3) Group 3, wearing 1.5 cm heel-height ankle-foot orthoses and walking in a natural gait; wearing the same orthoses but with 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm heel-height and walking in a natural gait. During walking, surface electromyography signals were colected from the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius of the lower limbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Without orthoses, the surface electromyography signals were the weakest. (2) For any muscle, the electrical activity of subjects without orthoses was weaker than that of subjects wearing orthoses at different hardness. (3) For the biceps femoris muscle, the integral electrical value without orthoses was very close to that wearing orthoses with normal heel height. Meanwhile, these two values were lower than that wearing orthoses with abnormal heel height. These findings indicate that the fixed plastic ankle-foot orthoses could cause the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius; and the orthoses with abnormal heel height can further increase the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle.

Objective To explore the epidemiological and clinical feature of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HBV/HCV) co-infection in Guangzhou area,and provide evidence to elevate the diagnoses and treatment for the co-infection.Methods Data of patients with chronic HBV infection seen from April 2005 to October 2011 were retrospectively collected,and the epidemiological features of HBV/ HCV co-infection were analyzed.Patients with HBV/HCV co-infection were stratified according to the HBeAg status and the levels of HBV DNA and HCV RNA,and their clinical feature were analyzed.Results The prevalence of HBV/HCV co-infection was 1.9％ (128/6604),which was mainly seen in middle age of male populations with history of drug addiction.There were no significant differences in biochemical markers and percentage of end-stage liver disease between HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative co-infection patients.The HBV DNA positive rate in HBeAg positive patients was higher than those in HBeAg negative patients (P ＜ 0.001),while the HCV RNA positive rate was lower than those in HBeAg negative patients (P =0.007).The frequency of end-stage liver disease in HBV DNA positive patients was higher than that in HBV DNA negative patients (58.1％ vs.37.9％,P =0.027),but it was similar between HCV RNA positive and negative patients (43.6％ vs.49.2％,P =0.540).Conclusions The prevalence of HBV/ HCV co-infection in Guangzhou area in low,and the levels of HBV DNA may associate with progression of disease.

This article discussed the problem of assistive technology curriculum in higher vocational education school, and the reform in the future.

This article discussed the cultivation of Double Qualified Teacher for prosthetics and orthopedics education.