Xiaoji Yinzi is one of the classic prescriptions for treating urinary diseases， originated from the Yan's Prescriptions to Aid the Living （Yan Shi Ji Sheng Fang） written by YAN Yonghe in the Song dynasty. Xiaoji Yinzi is composed of Rehmanniae Radix， Cirsii Herba， Talcum， Akebiae Caulis， Typhae Pollen， Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus， Lophatheri Herba， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Gardeniae Fructus， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and has the effects of cooling blood and stopping bleeding， draining water and relieving stranguria. The medical experts of later generations have inherited the original prescription recorded in the Yan's Prescriptions to Aid the Living， while dispute has emerged during the inheritance of this prescription. In this study， the method of bibliometrics was employed to review and analyze the ancient documents and modern clinical studies involving Xiaoji Yinzi. The results showed that Xiaoji Yinzi has two dosage forms： powder and decoction. According to the measurement system in the Song Dynasty， the modern doses of hers in Xiaoji Yinzi were transformed. In the prepration of Xiaoji Yinzi powder， 149.2 g of Rehmanniae Radix and 20.65 g each of Cirsii Herba， Talcum， Akebiae Caulis， stir-fried Typhae Pollen， Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus， Lophatheri Herba， wine-processed Angelicae Sinensis Radix， stir-fried Gardeniae Fructus， and stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are grounded into fine powder with the particle size of 4-10 meshes and a decocted with 450 mL water to reach a volume of 240 mL. After removal of the residue， the decoction was taken warm before meals， 3 times a day （i.e.， 7.77 g Rehmanniae Radix and 0.97 g each of the other herbs each time）. In the preparation of Xiaoji Yinzi decoction， 20.65 g each of the above 10 herbs are used， with stir-fried Typhae Pollen， wine-processed Angelica Sinensis Radix， stir-fired Gardeniae Fructus， stir-fired Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and raw materials of other herbs. Xiaoji Yinzi is specialized in treating hematuresis and blood stranguria due to heat accumulation in lower energizer， which causes injury of the blood collaterals of gallbladder and dysfunction of Qi transformation. In modern clinical practice， Xiaoji Yinzi is specifically used for treating urinary diseases and can be expanded to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system and other systems according to pathogenesis. The comprehensive research on the key information could provide a scientific reference for the future development of Xiaoji Yinzi.

ObjectiveBased on non-targeted metabolomics， to analyze the regulation of endogenous differential metabolites in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） rats by Fuling Yunhua granules， and to clarify the metabolic pathways through which this granules exerted its effect on improving T2DM. MethodSeventy SD rats， half male and half female， were randomly divided into the control group， model group， and high， medium， low dose groups of Fuling Yunhua granules（20.70， 10.35， 5.18 g·kg^-1 in raw drug amount） and the positive drug group（pioglitazone hydrochloride tablets， 8.1 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， other groups were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ） to establish a T2DM rat model. After successful modeling， the treatment groups were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage， and the control group and model group were treated with an equal volume of saline by gavage， once/d， for 28 d. Fasting blood glucose（FBG） and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c（GHbA1c） levels were measured in all groups of rats during the administration period， and hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes in the pancreatic tissues of rats at the end of the administration period. The endogenous metabolite levels in rat serum were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS）， and the data were processed using principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）. Differential metabolites were identified by the Human Metabolome Database（HMDB） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and screened for differential metabolites with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05， and fold change（FC）<0.6 or FC>1. And the metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of the screened differential metabolites was performed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0， then the screened differential metabolites were diagnosed and evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curves. ResultCompared with the control group， the FBG level of rats in the model group increased significantly（P<0.01）， the GHbA1c content tended to increase， but the difference was not statistically significant， and the pancreatic tissue of rats was obviously damaged， the number of pancreatic islets decreased， and the pancreatic β-cells were obviously reduced， atrophied and enlarged. Compared with the model group， the FBG levels of rats in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules and the positive drug group were significantly reduced after 2 weeks of administration（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the GHbA1c content of rats in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， and the pancreatic tissue lesions of rats in the different dose groups of Fuling Yunhua granules were reduced. The results of non-targeted metabolomics showed that 46 differential metabolites were significantly changed in the model group compared with the blank group. Pathway enrichment analysis found that T2DM mainly affected biological processes including biosynthesis of primary bile acid， D-amino acid metabolism， steroid hormone biosynthesis， and glycerophospholipid metabolism in rats. Compared with the model group， the levels of 8 differential metabolites in the high dose group of Fuling Yunhua granules were significantly adjusted， and the pathway enrichment analysis found that D-amino acid metabolism， retinol metabolism， glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， tryptophan metabolism and other metabolic pathways were mainly involved. ROC curves further analysis revealed that the four characteristic differential markers of 11-cis-retinol， D-piperidinic acid， D-serine， and p-cresol sulfate had high diagnostic value for the treatment of T2DM with Fuling Yunhua granules. ConclusionFuling Yunhua granules can improve the symptoms of T2DM rats by regulating the amino acid metabolic and retinol metabolic pathways through the modulation of endogenous differential metabolites.

OBJECTIVE To establish the specific chromatogram of Qianghuo Shengshi Tang(QHSS) reference sample, clarify the key quality attributes of QHSS, providing reference for the quality evaluation of QHSS reference sample. METHODS The SilGreen C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase consisted acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution. The detection wavelength was 328 nm. Established an HPLC characteristic spectrum analysis method for the reference sample of QHSS. A variety of chromatographic columns and different instruments were applied to investigate the adaptability of the system. HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was used to identify the specific peaks of the QHSS reference samples in positive ion mode. RESULTS There were 14 peaks in the specific chromatogram, which belonged to Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix, Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, Ligustici Rhizoma Et Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizome, Viticis Fructus, respectively. Ferulic acid(peak 3) was reference peak. A total of 22 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry, including coumarin and flavonoids. CONCLUSION The established specific chromatogram method of QHSS is simple, stable and reproducible. The material basis of QHSS reference sample is basically determined, providing a reference for the development and quality control of QHSS.

The theory of “diagnosing diseases with sinews” means that through the diagnosis and examination of the channel sinews at the site of the lesion， the surplus and deficit state of qi and blood in the channel sinews， vessles and channels， and the degree of damage to the organism caused by the disease and evils， can be determined， forming the three elements （the nature of the disease， the location of the disease， and the disease tendency） of the disease diagnosis can be closely integrated to form the trinity of diagnostic modes， which is “examining the disease nature by sinews， identifying the pattern by sinews， and determining the tendency by sinews”. For intractable facial paralysis， the method of “diagnosing diseases with sinews” can be adopted， in which the morphological changes of the channel sinews are judged through diagnosis by observation， the traditional Chinese patterns are identified through diagnosis by palpation， and the points of meridian tendons and the circulation of tendon and treatment lines are determined through diagnosis by circulation. The “diagnosing diseases with sinews” not only helps to accurately determine the disease condition， patterns and development trend， but also helps to adopt targeted treatment for the disease and prevent the disease from spreading， and providing ideas and methods for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of intractable facial paralysis.

At present,precise radiotherapy has been widely used through the development with many years,but the existing technique still is limited by the limitation of tolerance dose of normal tissues,which cannot achieve the optimal goal of treating tumor.Flash radiotherapy(Flash-RT)is one kind of radiotherapy technique that uses the beam with ultra-high dose rate(UHDR)to conduct irradiation,which can furthest treat tumors while significantly reduce radiation injury of normal tissues.But until now,the biological mechanism,key physical parameters and triggering mechanism of Flash-RT are still unclear,and its principle and clinical translational application are still in the stage of research.This review clarified the technological advance and clinical translational application of Flash-RT research through summarized the relevant research of Flash-RT.

The Flash radiotherapy(Flash-RT),which is the key breakthrough in the basic field of radiotherapy technique,which is expected to cause a new major transformation in the field of radiotherapy.In this paper,we reviewed the latest research advances of the application and the mechanism exploration of Flash-RT in tumor treatment.Current studies have found that both the Flash-RT with electron beams and photon and the Flash-RT with proton can reduce injury of normal tissue than radiotherapy with conventional dose-rate,but the relevant mechanisms are not yet clearly understood,which includes but not limited to oxygen depletion,DNA damage,cellular senescence,apoptosis and immune response.The difference of Flash-RT injury between tumor tissue and normal tissue further reduces the limitations of radiotherapy,and reduces the adverse reaction and complication compared with conventional radiotherapy,which has wide application prospects.

Radiotherapy is an important means to treat lung cancer,but it is easy to cause lung injury and reduce the quality of life of patients.Flash radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)has attracted attention due to its extremely short radiation duration and high dose rate,which can reduce toxicity of normal tissue while ensures treatment intensity of tumor.Whether Flash-RT can reduce radiation-induced lung injury has become an important research topic in recent years.Based on the literature analysis method,this review systematically assessed the effects and mechanisms of Flash-RT and radiotherapy with conventional dose rate on lung injury through searching relevant literatures at home and abroad,so as to provide scientific basis for the treatment of patients with lung cancer by reviewing the comparisons about the effects and mechanisms between Flash-RT and radiotherapy with conventional dose rate on lung injury.Compared with radiotherapy with conventional radiation rate,Flash-RT can significantly reduce lung injury and improve quality of life of patients.It is still demanded to explore the Flash-RT mechanism in future,so as to develop the Flash-RT instrument that is suitable for different tumors and to conduct larger-scale clinical researches.

An efficient vacuum suction system is a necessary prerequisite for the smooth operation of the oral diagnosis and treatment.During the use of the dental units,there is often a situation of vacuum suction weakness,resulting in the inability to discharge the mixture of blood,saliva,dental tissue and other mixtures in time,which affects the doctor's treatment field and increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia and cross-infection in patients.The working principle,pipeline system,filters and other aspects of the vacuum suction system that may affect the suction efficiency was analyzed.The causes and solutions of vacuum suction weakness were discussed,and operation suggestions were proposed to ensure the safe and effective use of equipment and ensure the safety of diagnosis and treatment.

Background::With an increasing number of patients with hematological malignancies being treated with umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT), the correlation between immune reconstitution (IR) after UCBT and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been reported successively, but reports on double-negative T (DNT) cell reconstitution and its association with acute GVHD (aGVHD) after UCBT are lacking.Methods::A population-based observational study was conducted among 131 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent single-unit UCBT as their first transplant at the Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, between August 2018 and June 2021. IR differences were compared between the patients with and without aGVHD.Results::The absolute number of DNT cells in the healthy Chinese population was 109 (70-157)/μL, accounting for 5.82 (3.98-8.19)% of lymphocytes. DNT cells showed delayed recovery and could not reach their normal levels even one year after transplantation. Importantly, the absolute number and percentage of DNT cells were significantly higher in UCBT patients without aGVHD than in those with aGVHD within one year ( F = 4.684, P = 0.039 and F = 5.583, P = 0.026, respectively). In addition, the number of DNT cells in the first month after transplantation decreased significantly with the degree of aGVHD increased, and faster DNT cell reconstitution in the first month after UCBT was an independent protective factor for aGVHD (HR = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.93; P = 0.031). Conclusions::Compared to the number of DNT cells in Chinese healthy people, the reconstitution of DNT cells in adults with hematological malignancies after UCBT was slow. In addition, the faster reconstitution of DNT cells in the early stage after transplantation was associated with a lower incidence of aGVHD.

Objective:To analyze the causal relationship between lifestyle-based factors and the occurrence and development of hepatobiliary malignancies by Mendelian randomization study method,and to provide the potential clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary malignancies.Methods:The data from large-scale,independent genome-wide association studies(GWAS)were selected,and seven-step inclusion criteria for the instrumental variable screening were set up.The exposure lifestyles included the percentage of carbohydrate intake,percentage of fat intake,percentage of protein intake in the diet,coffee intake,weekly alcohol consumption times,leisure electronic screen exposure time,moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)during leisure time,sedentary behavior at work,age at first smoking,daily smoking quantity,current smoking status,and past smoking status,totaling 12 phenotypes.The primary analysis method used was the random effect model of the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,and the heterogeneity was detected by Cochrane's Q test and the horizontal pleiotropy was detected by MR-Egger intercept method.Results:The current smoking status was significantly positively correlated with the increasing risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(OR=1.607,95%CI:1.113-2.322,P=0.011).Higher coffee intake was causally linked to a higher risk of liver cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(OR=1.000,95%CI:0.999-1.000,P=0.012).In the physical activity,more MVPA was associated with the lower risk of liver cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(OR=0.998,95%CI:0.996-0.999,P=0.002).The Cochrane's Q test results showed that there was mild heterogeneity between MVPA and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(Q=18.354,P=0.049)as well as the percentage of protein intake and intraphepatic cholangiocarainoma(Q=12.715,P=0.026),and the MR-Egger intercept method results showed there was no horizontal pleiotropy.Conclusion:There is a causal relationship between current smoking status and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,and there is a causal relationship between more MVPA and the lower risk of liver cancer and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Education on smoking and physical activity for the patients may offer potential benefits for the prevention of hepatobiliary malignancies.