Objective:To investigate the characteristics of β and γ oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID).Methods:Seventeen patients with advanced idiopathic PD received subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) from August 2019 to June 2021 at Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled; 11 patients were without LID before surgery (PD group) and 6 patients were with LID before surgery (LID group). Preoperative electrophysiological data of the STN, including Area under power spectral density (PSD-AUC), burst amplitude and duration of β and γ oscillations, were compared between the two groups.Results:PSD-AUC of β oscillation at 25-35 Hz in the PD group (60.39±1.00) was significantly increased compared with that in the LID group (54.33±0.55), whereas the PSD-AUC of γ oscillation at 65-85 Hz in the LID group (97.31±1.84) was significantly increased compared with that in the PD group (41.52±7.42, P<0.05). The aburst mplitude and duration of β oscillation in the PD group were significantly increased compared with those in the LID group ([8.52±1.00] au] vs. [1.09±0.13] au, [13 344±2 069] ms vs. [1 442±128] ms, P<0.05), while the burst amplitude and duration of γ oscillation in the LID group were significantly higher than those in the PD group ([5.03±0.55] au vs. [0.14±0.01] au, [12 276±5 011] ms vs. [1 741±233] ms, P<0.05). Conclusion:The imbalance of β-γ oscillations in the STN is associated with LID pathophysiology.

Objective:To investigate the correlation among sex hormones, body mass index (BMI) , serum bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) and bone metabolism parameters in adolescent patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) .Methods:A total of 168 PCOS patients admitted from Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023 were included in PCOS group, and 170 healthy adolescent women during the same period were included in the non-PCOS group. At the same time, the patients in PCOS group were divided into the obese group (n=81, BMI≥28 kg/m 2) and non-obese group (n=87, BMI < 25 kg/m 2) according to the BMI level. The levels of sex hormones, BMP-15 and bone metabolism indexes in all subjects were determined, and the correlation among sex hormones, BMI, BMP-15, bone metabolism indexes of PCOS patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results:The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in PCOS group were higher ( t = 25.80, 27.99, P < 0.05) , and there was no statistically significant difference in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels between the two groups ( t = 1.73, P > 0.05) . The levels of LH and T in obese group were higher than those in the non-obese group ( t = 8.24, 23.90, P < 0.05) , and there was no statistically significant difference in FSH between the two groups ( t = 0.29, P > 0.05) . The BMP-15, osteocalcin and amino terminal propeptide (PINP) of type I collagen in PCOS group were lower than those in non-PCOS group ( t = 68.16, 65.89, 11.25, all P < 0.05) , and the cross-linked C-terminal peptide (CTX) of type I collagen was higher than those in non-PCOS group ( t = 13.01, P < 0.05) . BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP in obese group were lower than those in non-obese group ( t = 14.74, 7.36, 7.90, all P < 0.05) , and CTX was higher ( t = 8.55, P < 0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that LH was negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP in adolescent PCOS patients ( r= -0.42, -0.51, -0.42, P < 0.05) , and positively correlated with CTX ( r= 0.44, P < 0.05) . T was negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP ( r= -0.50, -0.49, -0.42, P < 0.05) , and positively correlated with CTX ( r= 0.48, P < 0.05) ; BMI was negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP ( r= -0.60, -0.66, -0.69, P < 0.05) , and positively correlated with CTX ( r= 0.70, P < 0.05) . Conclusions:In adolescent PCOS patients, LH, T and BMI is negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP, while positively correlated with CTX, indicating that PCOS and BMI can affect BMP-15 and bone metabolic markers, which has a certain correlation with ovarian function and abnormal bone metabolism.

Objective:To investigate the correlation among sex hormones, body mass index (BMI) , serum bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) and bone metabolism parameters in adolescent patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) .Methods:A total of 168 PCOS patients admitted from Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2023 were included in PCOS group, and 170 healthy adolescent women during the same period were included in the non-PCOS group. At the same time, the patients in PCOS group were divided into the obese group (n=81, BMI≥28 kg/m 2) and non-obese group (n=87, BMI < 25 kg/m 2) according to the BMI level. The levels of sex hormones, BMP-15 and bone metabolism indexes in all subjects were determined, and the correlation among sex hormones, BMI, BMP-15, bone metabolism indexes of PCOS patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results:The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in PCOS group were higher ( t = 25.80, 27.99, P < 0.05) , and there was no statistically significant difference in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels between the two groups ( t = 1.73, P > 0.05) . The levels of LH and T in obese group were higher than those in the non-obese group ( t = 8.24, 23.90, P < 0.05) , and there was no statistically significant difference in FSH between the two groups ( t = 0.29, P > 0.05) . The BMP-15, osteocalcin and amino terminal propeptide (PINP) of type I collagen in PCOS group were lower than those in non-PCOS group ( t = 68.16, 65.89, 11.25, all P < 0.05) , and the cross-linked C-terminal peptide (CTX) of type I collagen was higher than those in non-PCOS group ( t = 13.01, P < 0.05) . BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP in obese group were lower than those in non-obese group ( t = 14.74, 7.36, 7.90, all P < 0.05) , and CTX was higher ( t = 8.55, P < 0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that LH was negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP in adolescent PCOS patients ( r= -0.42, -0.51, -0.42, P < 0.05) , and positively correlated with CTX ( r= 0.44, P < 0.05) . T was negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP ( r= -0.50, -0.49, -0.42, P < 0.05) , and positively correlated with CTX ( r= 0.48, P < 0.05) ; BMI was negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP ( r= -0.60, -0.66, -0.69, P < 0.05) , and positively correlated with CTX ( r= 0.70, P < 0.05) . Conclusions:In adolescent PCOS patients, LH, T and BMI is negatively correlated with BMP-15, osteocalcin and PINP, while positively correlated with CTX, indicating that PCOS and BMI can affect BMP-15 and bone metabolic markers, which has a certain correlation with ovarian function and abnormal bone metabolism.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of β and γ oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID).Methods:Seventeen patients with advanced idiopathic PD received subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) from August 2019 to June 2021 at Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled; 11 patients were without LID before surgery (PD group) and 6 patients were with LID before surgery (LID group). Preoperative electrophysiological data of the STN, including Area under power spectral density (PSD-AUC), burst amplitude and duration of β and γ oscillations, were compared between the two groups.Results:PSD-AUC of β oscillation at 25-35 Hz in the PD group (60.39±1.00) was significantly increased compared with that in the LID group (54.33±0.55), whereas the PSD-AUC of γ oscillation at 65-85 Hz in the LID group (97.31±1.84) was significantly increased compared with that in the PD group (41.52±7.42, P<0.05). The aburst mplitude and duration of β oscillation in the PD group were significantly increased compared with those in the LID group ([8.52±1.00] au] vs. [1.09±0.13] au, [13 344±2 069] ms vs. [1 442±128] ms, P<0.05), while the burst amplitude and duration of γ oscillation in the LID group were significantly higher than those in the PD group ([5.03±0.55] au vs. [0.14±0.01] au, [12 276±5 011] ms vs. [1 741±233] ms, P<0.05). Conclusion:The imbalance of β-γ oscillations in the STN is associated with LID pathophysiology.

Using big data and artificial intelligence to establish a multi-point monitoring, early warning, and disposal system to achieve early warning and intervention of infectious disease outbreaks is an important means of controlling the spread of the epidemic. Taking Xiaoshan district as an example, this study analyzes the monitoring contents, warning methods, and application effectiveness of the infectious disease monitoring, early warning and disposal system. Based on Xiaoshan′s health big data resources, the system starts with syndrome, disease diagnosis and etiology. Through advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and block chain, it realizes early identification of infectious disease outbreaks, data fusion, multi-cross collaboration, and closed-loop management. It has improved the sensitivity of clustered outbreaks monitoring and the effectiveness of epidemic disposal and provided a reference for grassroots disease prevention and control departments to establish an infectious disease monitoring and early warning system.

Objective To investigate the effect of the glutathione peroxidase 4(GPx4)on mouse so-matic cell reprogramming.Methods To compare the expressions of GPx4 in OG2 mouse embryonic fibroblast(OG2-MEF)cells(MEFs group)and mouse embryonic stem cells(mESC,mESCs group),the expression lev-el of intracellular GPx4 was determined by transcriptome sequencing technique and Western blot.To verify the effect of GPx4 on the efficiency of the somatic cells reprogramming,the complete open reading frame se-quence of GPx4 gene and its selenocysteine insertion sequence(SECIS)were connected to the retroviral vector pMXs for constructing the overexpressed plasmid pMXs-GPx4.Gpx4-targeting short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was synthesized and connected to pSUPER vector,GPx4 shRNA1 and GPx4 shRNA2 were constructed to knockdown GPx4 expression.The above plasmids were co-transfected with pMXs-Sox2,pMXs-Klf4 and pMXs-Oct4 into MEF cells for reprogramming induction to obtain the pMXs no-load control group(pMXs NC),pMXs GPx4 group,pSUPER no-load control group(pSUPER NC),GPx4 shRNA1 group and GPx4 shRNA2 group.The expressions of GPx4 gene and multifunctional marker genes Rex1,Sox2,Dappa3,Sall4,Oct4 and Nanog were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC)were detected by immunofluorescence staining;the number of iPSC clones generation was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining of pluripotent stem cells;the GPx4 protein expression was detected by Western blot.Results The mRNA and protein expression of GPx4 in the mESCs group was higher than that in the MEFs group;compared with the pMXs NC group,the expression level of GPx4 mRNA in the pMXs GPx4 group was significantly increased;compared with the pSUPER NC group,the GPx4 mRNA and protein levels in the GPx4 shRNA1 group and GPx4 shRNA2 group were decreased(P＜0.05);the iPSC clone number in the pMXs GPx4 group was higher than that in the pMXs NC group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The number of iPSC clones in the GPx4 shRNA1 group and GPx4 shRNA2 group was significantly lower than that in the pSUPER NC group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After completing the reprogramming,compared with the original MEF cells,the expression levels of various pluripotent marker genes Rex1,Sox2,Dappa3,Sall4,Oct4 and Nanog in the generated iPSC of each group were increased.Conclusion GPx4 knockdown could inhibit the efficiency of somatic cell reprogram-ming,its generated induced pluripotent stem cells have the normal pluripotent gene expression ability.

With intensified aging， Alzheimer's disease has become a serious problem in China's health field. In the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， Alzheimer's disease mainly describes cognitive deficits such as dementia and amnesia. After the inheritance and summary by medical experts of successive generations， the theory of "toxin damaging brain collaterals" has become a mature pathogenesis hypothesis of this disease. Blood stasis， as one of the main viral pathogens， is also closely related to the theory of Alzheimer's disease in modern pharmacology. Chuanxiong Rhizoma is used frequently in clinical prescriptions for Alzheimer's disease. As the main component of Chuanxiong Rhizoma， tetramethylpyrazine has a series of pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system such as vasodilation， anti-platelet aggregation， anti-atherosclerosis， and anti-myocardial ischemia， which reflects the effects of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However， few studies have focused on the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. From the perspective of TCM theory and modern pharmacology， this article discussed the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the pathology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease from the aspects of cardiovascular function， oxidative stress， inflammatory response， mitochondrial function， and cholinergic system and made prospects for the future application of tetramethylpyrazine to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease.

Using big data and artificial intelligence to establish a multi-point monitoring, early warning, and disposal system to achieve early warning and intervention of infectious disease outbreaks is an important means of controlling the spread of the epidemic. Taking Xiaoshan district as an example, this study analyzes the monitoring contents, warning methods, and application effectiveness of the infectious disease monitoring, early warning and disposal system. Based on Xiaoshan′s health big data resources, the system starts with syndrome, disease diagnosis and etiology. Through advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and block chain, it realizes early identification of infectious disease outbreaks, data fusion, multi-cross collaboration, and closed-loop management. It has improved the sensitivity of clustered outbreaks monitoring and the effectiveness of epidemic disposal and provided a reference for grassroots disease prevention and control departments to establish an infectious disease monitoring and early warning system.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the expression of hippocampal cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) after cardiac arrest-resuscitation in rats.Methods:Ninety clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 280-320 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group (group Sham, n=20), cardiac arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation group (group CPR, n=35), and hydrogen-rich saline group (group H 2, n=35). Cardiac arrest was induced by transoesophageal cardiac pacing followed by CPR in group CPR.Only femoral arteriovenous puncture and tracheal intubation were performed in group Sham.Hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately after recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and at 6 and 12 h after ROSC in group H 2 , while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in the other two groups.Neuro-functional deficit was assessed using neurologic deficit scores (NDS) at 1 and 3 days after ROSC.The animals were sacrificed immediately after intubation in group Sham and at 6 h and 1, 2 and 3 days after ROSC in CPR and H 2 groups, and the hippocampal tissues were obtained to detect the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic CIRP by Western blot. Results:Compared with group Sham, NDS was significantly decreased at each time point after ROSC in group CPR and group H 2, the expression of nuclear CIRP was significantly down-regulated at 1, 2 and 3 days after ROSC, and the expression of cytoplasmic CIRP was up-regulated at 1 and 2 days after ROSC in group CPR, and the expression of nuclear CIRP was significantly down-regulated at each time point after ROSC, and the expression of cytoplasmic CIRP was down-regulated at 2 and 3 days after ROSC in group H 2 ( P<0.05). Compared with group CPR, NDS was significantly increased at each time point after ROSC, the expression of nuclear CIRP was down-regulated at 6 h after ROSC, and the expression of cytoplasmic CIRP was down-regulated at 1 and 2 days after ROSC in group H 2 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The nechanism by which hydrogen reduces brain injury after cardiac arrest-resuscitation may be related to down-regulating hippocampal CIRP expression in rats.

Objective:To observe the clinical application of flexible endoscope assisted by general versus pillow-under-shoulder supine position in nasotracheal intubation of the patients with difficult airway, and to explore the influence of intubation position in the intubation effect.Methods: A total of 168 patients with difficult airway who underwent nasotracheal intubation and oromaxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into general supine position (control group) and pillow-under-shoulder supine position (experimental group) with 84 cases in each group.The first-time and the total success rate of intubation, the intubation time, and the rate of direct glottis exposure of the patients in two groups were recorded.The mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate (HR), and complications of intubation of the patients in two groups before induction, before tracheal intubation, during intubation, 1 and 5 min after intubation, were also recorded.Results:The first-time success rate of intubation in experimental group (94.0 %, 79/84) was significantly higher than that in control group (71.4%, 60/84) (P<0.01);the total success rate of intubation (98.8%, 83/84) had no difference compared with control group (97.6 %, 82/84) (P>0.05);the intubation time (57 s±12 s) was significantly shorter than that in control group (146 s±29 s) (P<0.01);the rate of direct glottis exposure (47.6%, 40/84) when the flexible endoscope passed through the posterior nasal apertures was obviously higher than that in control group (15.5 %, 13/84) (P<0.01).The values of MAP and HR of the patients in two groups before and during intubation were decreased significantly compared with the baselines (P<0.01), and came back to the baselines 1 and 5 min after intubation (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the MAP and HR between different time points (P>0.05).The incidence rates of complications including pharyngalgia, hoarseness and epistaxis had no differences between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Flexible endoscope assisted by pillow-under-shoulder in nasotracheal intubation has a higher intubation success rate, shorter intubation time and it is a superior procedure for the patients with difficult airway.