OBJECTIVE: To review clinical application and research progress of different types of intelligent responsive hydrogels in repairing articular cartilage injury. METHODS: The animal experiments and clinical studies of different types of intelligent responsive hydrogels for repairing articular cartilage injury were summarized by reviewing relevant literature at home and abroad. RESULTS: The intrinsic regenerative capacity of articular cartilage following injury is limited. Intelligent responsive hydrogels, including those that are temperature-sensitive, light-sensitive, enzyme-responsive, pH-sensitive, and other stimuli-responsive hydrogels, can undergo phase transitions in response to specific stimuli, thereby achieving optimal functionality. These hydrogels can fill the injured cartilage area, promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and expedite the repair of the damaged site. With advancements in cartilage tissue engineering materials research, intelligent responsive hydrogels offer a novel approach and promising potential for the treatment of cartilage injuries. CONCLUSION Intelligent responsive hydrogel is a kind of flexible, controllable, efficient, and stable polymer, which has similar structure and functional properties to articular cartilage, and has become one of the important biomaterials for cartilage repair. However, there is still a lack of unified treatment standards and simple and efficient preparation technology.
Hydrogels/therapeutic use* ; Cartilage, Articular/injuries* ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Humans ; Animals ; Chondrocytes/cytology* ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry*

Objective To investigate the effect of the glutathione peroxidase 4(GPx4)on mouse so-matic cell reprogramming.Methods To compare the expressions of GPx4 in OG2 mouse embryonic fibroblast(OG2-MEF)cells(MEFs group)and mouse embryonic stem cells(mESC,mESCs group),the expression lev-el of intracellular GPx4 was determined by transcriptome sequencing technique and Western blot.To verify the effect of GPx4 on the efficiency of the somatic cells reprogramming,the complete open reading frame se-quence of GPx4 gene and its selenocysteine insertion sequence(SECIS)were connected to the retroviral vector pMXs for constructing the overexpressed plasmid pMXs-GPx4.Gpx4-targeting short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was synthesized and connected to pSUPER vector,GPx4 shRNA1 and GPx4 shRNA2 were constructed to knockdown GPx4 expression.The above plasmids were co-transfected with pMXs-Sox2,pMXs-Klf4 and pMXs-Oct4 into MEF cells for reprogramming induction to obtain the pMXs no-load control group(pMXs NC),pMXs GPx4 group,pSUPER no-load control group(pSUPER NC),GPx4 shRNA1 group and GPx4 shRNA2 group.The expressions of GPx4 gene and multifunctional marker genes Rex1,Sox2,Dappa3,Sall4,Oct4 and Nanog were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC)were detected by immunofluorescence staining;the number of iPSC clones generation was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining of pluripotent stem cells;the GPx4 protein expression was detected by Western blot.Results The mRNA and protein expression of GPx4 in the mESCs group was higher than that in the MEFs group;compared with the pMXs NC group,the expression level of GPx4 mRNA in the pMXs GPx4 group was significantly increased;compared with the pSUPER NC group,the GPx4 mRNA and protein levels in the GPx4 shRNA1 group and GPx4 shRNA2 group were decreased(P＜0.05);the iPSC clone number in the pMXs GPx4 group was higher than that in the pMXs NC group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The number of iPSC clones in the GPx4 shRNA1 group and GPx4 shRNA2 group was significantly lower than that in the pSUPER NC group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After completing the reprogramming,compared with the original MEF cells,the expression levels of various pluripotent marker genes Rex1,Sox2,Dappa3,Sall4,Oct4 and Nanog in the generated iPSC of each group were increased.Conclusion GPx4 knockdown could inhibit the efficiency of somatic cell reprogram-ming,its generated induced pluripotent stem cells have the normal pluripotent gene expression ability.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of chromosome karyotype analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in microcephaly.Methods:A total of 9 cases of microcephaly fetuses diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound or children with microcephaly diagnosed after birth were selected from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2014 to August 2022.Karyotype analysis and/or CMA were used to detect. The cases with negative karyotype analysis and CMA results were further sequenced by trio-based WES (Trio-WES). Then the coding genes contained in the pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) fragments were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) enrichment. The genes related to the development of the central nervous system contained in the pathogenic CNV and the pathogenic genes found by Trio-WES were combined for gene interaction network analysis.Results:In this study, 9 cases of microcephaly were recruited, with the time of diagnosis ranged from 23 weeks of gestation to 7 years after birth, and the head circumference of fetus or children ranged from 18.3 to 42.5 cm (-7SD to -2SD). Karyotype analysis was detected in all 9 cases and no abnormality result was found. Eight cases were detected by CMA, and one abnormal was found. Five cases were detected by Trio-WES, and two cases were detected with likely pathogenic genes. The GO enrichment analysis of the coding gene in the 4p16.3 microdeletion (pathogenic CNV) region showed that: in biological process, it was mainly concentrated in phototransduction, visible light; in terms of molecular function, it was mainly concentrated in fibroblast growth factor binding; in terms of cell components, it was mainly concentrated in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Gene interaction network analysis suggested that CDC42 gene could interact with CTBP1, HTT and ASPM gene.Conclusions:CMA could be used as a first-line detection technique for microcephaly. When the results of chromosome karyotype analysis and/or CMA are negative, Trio-WES could improve the detection rate of pathogenicity of microcephaly.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate the exercise experience of elderly people in pension institutions.Methods:Qualitative studies on exercise experience of the elderly in pension institutions were searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Biology Medicine disc. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to March 8, 2022. The quality evaluation criteria of qualitative research of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence-based health care center in Australia was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and the results were synthesized by integrating method.Results:A total of 14 studies were included, 58 research results were extracted, 3 integrated results (hindering factors, sports experience and promoting factors of exercise for the elderly in pension institutions) were summarized and 8 new categories were formed.Conclusions:Medical staff need to fully understand the exercise experience of the elderly in pension institutions and analyze their attitude, views and needs for exercise, so as to formulate effective exercise intervention strategies.

Objective To quantify operation characteristics of the ankle rotating-traction-poking manipulation (RTPM) for treating acute lateral ankle sprain by using motion capture technology, so as to provide objective references for standardized operation of RTPM and its education inheritance. Methods A professional physiotherapist performed the RTPM on 60 volunteers with acute lateral ankle sprain. Motion capture system was used to acquire effective kinematic data during the RTPM, so as to make analysis and summarize rules. Results The average time of ankle rotating for six circles was 11.36 s and the average time of ankle traction and poking was 3.42 s. The average displacement of ankle traction was 36.94 mm and the average displacement of ankle poking was 22.44 mm. The average angle of ankle traction was 23.27°, and the average angle of ankle poking was 22.76°. During the RTPM for treating acute lateral ankle sprain, the average linear velocity of ankle rotating was 58.28 mm/s, and the average linear velocity of ankle traction and poking was 23.81 mm/s. The linear acceleration of ankle rotating was 0.43 mm/s2, and the linear acceleration of ankle traction and poking was 0.54 mm/s2. Conclusions The RTPM can be applied in clinical practice. During the RTMP, the principle of gentleness, rhythmicity and continuity should be followed. Under the premise of following physiological characteristics of ankle joint, treatment of the sprained ankle should be carried out with slow and uniform speed continuously.

Objective:To explore the effect and difference of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical therapy on quality of life and cognitive function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD),and to investigate the relationship between quality of life and cognitive function.Methods:A total of 320 patients with CHD,who underwent coronary angiography and PCI (PCI group,n=160),or underwent coronary angiography and medical therapy (drug therapy group,n=160),were selected.The quality of life was assessed by using the Health Survey Form SF-36 (SF-36) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ),and the cognitive function was assessed by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).General data of patients were collected on the day of coronary angiography.Telephone follow-up was conducted in 1 month after treatment,and the outpatient review was carried out in 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results:A total of 309 valid questionnaires were collected.The scores of quality of life in the PCI group and the drug therapy group after treatment were both increased compared with those before treatment (both P＜0.05).The SF-36 scores of four dimensions (role physical,bodily pain,vitality and mental health) in the PCI group were all significantly greater than those in the drug therapy group (all P＜0.05).The SAQscores of two dimensions (angina stability and angina frequency) were both higher in the PCI group than those in the drug therapy group in 6 months of post-operation (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in cognitive function before and after the treatment in the 2 groups (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in cognitive function between the PCI group and the drug therapy group (P＞0.05).In the PCI group,physical function,role physical,bodily pain,and role emotional were positively correlated with cognitive function (r=0.207,0.182,0.184,0.176 respectively,all P＜0.05).In the drug therapy group,there was no correlation between quality of life and cognitive function.Conclusion:The quality of life for the patients is improved in the PCI group and the drug therapy group,but the improvement degree in the PCI group is more obvious.Both PCI and drug therapy do not result in the decrease of cognitive function,and there is no difference between the 2 groups.There is positive correlation between quality of life and cognitive function in the PCI group,there is no correlation between quality of life and cognitive function in the drug therapy group.

Objective:To observe the clinical application of flexible endoscope assisted by general versus pillow-under-shoulder supine position in nasotracheal intubation of the patients with difficult airway, and to explore the influence of intubation position in the intubation effect.Methods: A total of 168 patients with difficult airway who underwent nasotracheal intubation and oromaxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into general supine position (control group) and pillow-under-shoulder supine position (experimental group) with 84 cases in each group.The first-time and the total success rate of intubation, the intubation time, and the rate of direct glottis exposure of the patients in two groups were recorded.The mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate (HR), and complications of intubation of the patients in two groups before induction, before tracheal intubation, during intubation, 1 and 5 min after intubation, were also recorded.Results:The first-time success rate of intubation in experimental group (94.0 %, 79/84) was significantly higher than that in control group (71.4%, 60/84) (P<0.01);the total success rate of intubation (98.8%, 83/84) had no difference compared with control group (97.6 %, 82/84) (P>0.05);the intubation time (57 s±12 s) was significantly shorter than that in control group (146 s±29 s) (P<0.01);the rate of direct glottis exposure (47.6%, 40/84) when the flexible endoscope passed through the posterior nasal apertures was obviously higher than that in control group (15.5 %, 13/84) (P<0.01).The values of MAP and HR of the patients in two groups before and during intubation were decreased significantly compared with the baselines (P<0.01), and came back to the baselines 1 and 5 min after intubation (P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the MAP and HR between different time points (P>0.05).The incidence rates of complications including pharyngalgia, hoarseness and epistaxis had no differences between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Flexible endoscope assisted by pillow-under-shoulder in nasotracheal intubation has a higher intubation success rate, shorter intubation time and it is a superior procedure for the patients with difficult airway.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate whether kaempferol protects against acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 virus via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway .METHODS:BALB/c mice were used to estab-lish the animal model of acute lung injury by nasal inoculation of swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus.After the interven-tion with kaempferol , the pulmonary edema was evaluated by determining the lung wet weight /dry weight ( W/D) ratio, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed , the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1βand IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and MDA content in the homogenate of the lung tissues were detected .NF-κB P65 levels were determined by Western blot , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from mouse lung tissue homogenate was detec-ted by ELISA .RESULTS:Treatment with kaempferol decreased the morality of infected mice , and significantly prolonged the survival time of the infected mice .Kaempferol also relieved the pathological changes of the lung tissues , the lung W/D ratio and the lung index in swine-origin influenza A H9N2 virus-infected mice.Treatment with kaempferol significantly de-creased the infiltration of inflammatory cells including macrophages , lymphocytes and neutrophils in the BALF .The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand MDA and the activity of MPO were also decreased .Treatment with kaempferol also significantly increased the SOD activity .NF-κB P65 levels were decreased , and the NF-κB P65 and NF-κB P50 nuclear translocation in the nuclear extracts from the mouse lung tissue homogenate were also decreased by treatment with kaempferol .CONCLU-SION:The protective effect of kaempferol on the mice with acute lung injury induced by swine -origin influenza A H9N2 vi-rus is related to suppression of the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by down-regulation of NF-κB signaling path-way.

Objective To explore the long-term effects of physical exercise on learning,memory and the expression of plasticity-related gene-1 (PRG-1) in the cerebral cortex of rats with penicillin-induced developmental seizures.Methods Twenty-four 21-day Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (CONT1),an exercised control group (CONT2),a seizure group (EXP1) and a seizure plus exercises group (EXP2),each of 6 using a random number table.Penicillin was injected intraperitoneally to the rats in the EXP1 and EXP2 groups to induce seizures,while those in the CONT1 and CONT2 groups received saline injections.Morris water-maze tests were performed to evaluate spatial learning and memory capacity.The rats in the CONT2 and EXP2 groups were administered an aerobic exercise program 30 min per day for 6 consecutive days.The other groups were maintained on the treadmill for the same time but without exercising.Real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to quantify the expression of PRG-1 mRNA in the cerebral cortex.Results There was a decreasing trend in marginal searching and increasing taxis and linear searching in all four groups.Ridit analysis showed that in the watermaze tests on days 2 and 4 the average scores of the control groups were significantly higher than those of the EXP1 and EXP2 groups.However,significant increases in the average scores were observed in the maze tests of the EXP1 group after day 2 and with the EXP2 group from day 4 on.The average scores of the control group were significantly lower than those of the other 3 groups.In the first maze test,the average memory scores of the two seizure groups were significantly lower than those of the controls.In the second maze test,however,only the EXP1 group's average score was significantly worse than those of the other groups.That of the EXP2 group had improved significantly,and was not significantly different from that of the CONT2 group.The expression of PRG-1 was much higher in the CONT2,EXP1 and EXP2 groups than in the CONT1 group.The average expression of PRG-1 in the EXP2 group was not significantly different from that in the EXP1 group.Conclusions Physical exercise can significantly relieve the cognitive deficits induced by long-term seizures,which may be associated with the regulation of PRG-1 expression in the cerebral cortex.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration in patients with heart failure. Methods: One hundred and thirty four cases of patients with heart failure, who hospitalized in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2016 were enrolled in this study. Random serial number was generated using SPSS 22.0 software, patients were then randomly divided into control group and ultrafiltration group with the proportion of 1∶1 (67 cases in each group). Patients in the control group received standard therapy. Patients in the ultrafiltration group received ultrafiltration therapy for 8 hours. Curative effect was evaluated after 8 hours treatment in the control group and after 12 hours in the ultrafiltration group. Following parameters were compared between the two groups: body weight, dyspnea score and 6 minutes walking distance as well as blood pressure, heart rate, Na⁺ , K⁺ , Cl^-, pH, HCO₃^-, Hb, PLT, Cr, BUN levels. Results: (1)Two patients died during run-in process and eventually 132 cases were chosen for final analysis (65 cases in control group and 67 cases in the ultrafiltration group). Gender, age, type of heart failure, dyspnea score, body weight at baseline were similar between the two groups. (2)Post therapy, patients′ body weight decreased obviously, while dyspnea score and 6 minutes walking distance increased significantly in the ultrafiltration group compared to baseline(all P<0.05), and the improvement was significantly greater compared to control group(all P<0.05). (3)The safety index comparison of two groups: blood pressure, heart rate, Na⁺ , K⁺ , Cl^-, pH, HCO₃^-, Hb, PLT, Cr, and BUN were similar between the two groups at baseline and post therapy. Conclusion Ultrafiltration therapy is safe and effective to treat patients with heart failure.