Objective To understand the current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in the central sterile supply departments(CSSD)of hospitals and provide a scientific basis for further standardized management.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,a self-designed questionnaire on the current situation of reprocessing of reusable disinfection items in CSSDs was used to conduct a survey in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from June 11th to 23rd,2024.The questionnaire covered 2 aspects,including the basic situation of the hospital and the reprocessing of disinfection items.Results A total of 1 835 questionnaires were distributed,and 1 603 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Regarding the use of reusable disinfection items,with the most frequently used items being humidification bottles,tourniquets,breathing bags and their accessories,and ventilator tubing systems etc.Among them,1 558 hospitals(97.19％)established standardized disposal procedures,and 996 hospitals(62.13％)assigned dedica-ted personnel to be responsible.In terms of the reprocessing procedures of reusable disinfection items,all 1 603 hospitals carried out drying process for the items;the main packaging method was plastic self-sealing bags(59.95％),and 541 hospitals(33.75％)sterilized the packaging materials.Additionally,935 hospitals(58.33％)used oil-free air compressors;among them,51 hospitals(58.62％)installed activated carbon filters at the end of the compressors.Conclusion The current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in CSSDs of nationwide hospitals needs improvement.It is recommended to strengthen the training of professional disinfection knowledge,unify the sterilization standards for plastic self-sealing bags,develop a storage management system,and adopt a medical air compressor system without oil and water to reduce the risk of hospital infections.

Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.

Objective:To investigate the completion rate of tumor evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients in the national multicenter real-world database.Methods:The prospective real-world study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 074 patients who underwent surgical treatment for mid and low rectal cancer in 47 national medical institutions, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al, from May 12,2023 to May 11,2024 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (2) initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (3) initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer; (4) imaging evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3). Count data were described as absoluter numbers and/or percentages. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 713 males and 361 females, aged 63(56,70)years. The body mass index of 1 074 patients was 24(21,26)kg/m 2.For American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, there were 147 cases of stage Ⅰ, 641 cases of stage Ⅱ, 157 cases of stage Ⅲ, 2 cases of stage Ⅳ, and there were 127 cases missing data. (2) Initial colonoscopy and pathologic evaluation of tumors in patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 787 cases (73.28%) undergoing complete colonoscopy, and there were only 197 cases (18.34%) undergoing immunohistochemical evaluation of all four mismatch repair proteins. (3) Initial imaging evaluation of patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 1 074 patients, there were 842(78.40%) patients completing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 914(85.10%) patients completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced computed tomography (CT) evaluation. In the 149 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 122 cases (81.88%) comple-ting T staging evaluation, and there were 81 cases (54.36%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 808 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 708 cases (87.62%) completing T staging evaluation, and there were 590 cases (73.02%) completing N staging evaluation. (4) Imaging evalua-tion after neoadjuvant therapy for patients with mid and low rectal cancer. Of the 388 patients with neoadjuvant therapy, there were 332 patients (85.57%) completing MRI or ultrasound evaluation, and there were 327 patients (84.28%) completing chest, abdomen, and pelvis enhanced CT evalua-tion. In the 70 patients completing rectal ultrasound evaluation, there were 65 cases (92.86%) com-pleting T staging evaluation, and there were 49 cases (70.00%) completing N staging evaluation. In the 327 patients completing rectal MRI evaluation, there were 246 cases (75.23%) completing T staging, and there were 228 cases (69.72%) completing N staging evaluation. Conclusion:The com-pletion rate of tumor imaging evaluation at initial assessment and after neoadjuvant therapy for mid and low rectal cancer patients on a national scale is relatively good.

Objective To understand the current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in the central sterile supply departments(CSSD)of hospitals and provide a scientific basis for further standardized management.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,a self-designed questionnaire on the current situation of reprocessing of reusable disinfection items in CSSDs was used to conduct a survey in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)from June 11th to 23rd,2024.The questionnaire covered 2 aspects,including the basic situation of the hospital and the reprocessing of disinfection items.Results A total of 1 835 questionnaires were distributed,and 1 603 valid questionnaires were retrieved.Regarding the use of reusable disinfection items,with the most frequently used items being humidification bottles,tourniquets,breathing bags and their accessories,and ventilator tubing systems etc.Among them,1 558 hospitals(97.19％)established standardized disposal procedures,and 996 hospitals(62.13％)assigned dedica-ted personnel to be responsible.In terms of the reprocessing procedures of reusable disinfection items,all 1 603 hospitals carried out drying process for the items;the main packaging method was plastic self-sealing bags(59.95％),and 541 hospitals(33.75％)sterilized the packaging materials.Additionally,935 hospitals(58.33％)used oil-free air compressors;among them,51 hospitals(58.62％)installed activated carbon filters at the end of the compressors.Conclusion The current situation of reprocessing reusable sterilized items in CSSDs of nationwide hospitals needs improvement.It is recommended to strengthen the training of professional disinfection knowledge,unify the sterilization standards for plastic self-sealing bags,develop a storage management system,and adopt a medical air compressor system without oil and water to reduce the risk of hospital infections.

Objective To establish a multiplex assay method for the simultaneous detection of FluA and FluB virus(IBV)antigen based on the flow cytometry(FCM)quantum dot-encoded bead technologies,laying the foundation for the assay of multiple respiratory virus biomarkers.Methods Coupling was performed for FluA and FluB nucleoprotein(NP)monoclonal antibodies using self-made quantum dot-encoded beads,separately.FCM was used to detect known concentrations of FluA and FluB antigens separately and simultaneously,optimize the detection conditions,and establish a joint detection method for FluA and FluB antigens.Compared with the quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)method,clinical samples were used to evaluate the clinical performance of this joint detection method.Results The joint detection method for FluA and FluB antigens was established,with detection limits of 26.1 pg/ml and 10.7 pg/ml,respectively,and measurement ranges of 15.3～250 000 pg/ml.The joint detection method for clinical sample evaluation was well correlated with the qPCR,with a positive coincidence rate of 57.4%,a negative coincidence rate of 100%,and a total coincidence rate of 71.6%.In addition,the joint detection method was superior to colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip assay commonly used in clinical practice(positive coincidence rate of 56.49%,negative coincidence rate of 99.75%).Conclusion The FCM quantum dot-encoded bead multiplex assay can be used for the joint detection of FluA and FluB antigens,which have a high sensitivity,good specificity and wide detection range.It may lay a good foundation for the multiplex detection of common respiratory viruses,and has clinical application prospects.

The increasing frequency of radiographic diagnostic imaging and the cumulative dose to the public from radiation has raised widespread concerns. However, accurate measurement of the radiation dose received by the human body is difficult to achieve. Monte Carlo simulation, as a numerical computational method guided by probability statistics theory, has been applied to various dose assessments, imaging optimizations, and radiation protection in radiographic diagnostic imaging. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of the Monte Carlo method, the modelling process of Monte Carlo simulation and the progress of its application to diagnostic radiological dose estimation.

Objective To investigate the dose of radiation in children under going X-ray-guided air enema reduction, and to provide a basis for reducing the risk of radiation injury in pediatric patients. Methods Data were collected from children with intussusception who were treated with air enema. The experimental conditions of high, medium, and low doses of three age groups were analyzed. Phantoms were used to simulate the operation, and the radiation dose was measured using a thermoluminescence system. Results In children with intussusception, the success rate of air enema under the guidance of X-ray was 88% (including secondary intussusception), with anearly re-intussusception rate of 8%. The effective dose of treatment ranged from 0.57 to 12.33 mSv, and the tissues and organs with high absorbed dose were mainly in the chest and abdomen. Conclusion Children in different groups are exposed to significantly differentand relatively high doses. The operators are recommended to use ultrasonic guidance. With X-ray guidance, the exposure time should be minimized and protective equipment for children should be used.

Objective:To explore the influence of different size related parameters of common CT scanned body parts on body-specific dose estimate (SSDE) , in order to establish rapid conversion factors for SSDE.Methods:A total of 189 clinical cases were collected from 6 common CT scanned body parts, including head, nasal bone, sinus, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis, at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 8 to May 10, 2021. Batch-processing of image was carried out by using Matlabcode. The axial images′area, anteroposterior (AP) dimension, lateral (LAT) dimension and average CT values were calculated. The conversion factors for estimating body-specific dose values were obtained from the real effective diameter ( De) and water equivalent diameter ( Dw) of the clinical cases, and the differences in values were compared between SSDE ED and SSDE WED. Based on the information on AP, LAT, AP + LAT, estimated De, the real De and Dw obtained in clinical practices, the SSDE rapid correction factors for adult body parts were established. The convenient conversion relation between Dw and De was obtained. Based on the correction factors for Dw, the relative errors of the correction factors for various sizes related parameters were compared. Results:The SSDE fast conversion factors for the real De of the 6 body parts were 1.01, 1.01, 1.01, 0.97, 1.28, 1.32, and those for Dw were 0.87, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1.42, 1.36, respectively. The relative errors of different conversion factors ranged from 0.68% to 18.05%. The conversion factors for abdomen and pelvis had the smallest difference, and those for AP and LAT of the chest had the smallest error. The differences between CTDI vol, SSDE ED and SSDE WED in sinus, chest and abdomen were statistically significant ( tsinus=2.44, 4.23, tchest=17.67, 17.00, tabdomen and pelvis =17.93, 18.75, P<0.05) . The differences between CTDI vol and SSDE WED in head, nasal bone, were statistically significant ( t=-22.27, 2.80, P<0.05) , but not with SSDE ED ( P>0.05) . The difference between CTDI vol and SSDE ED in neck was statistically significant ( t=-3.06, P<0.05) but without statistical insignificance in camparison with SSDE WED ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:SSDE WED can be used to accurately evaluate the body-specific dose estimatates, and different size related parameters can be selected for correction in different scanned body parts. The rapid conversion factor can be easily used in clinical practice to improve the accuracy of estimated radiation dose.

With continuous discovery of tumor immune targets and continuous changes in antibody research and development technology, antibody drugs are becoming more and more widely used in clinical practice. However, some targets are not only expressed on tumor cells, but also on red blood cells. Therefore, the clinical application of antibodies against the corresponding targets may interfere with the detection of blood transfusion compatibility, resulting in difficulty in blood matching or delay of blood transfusion. This consensus summarizes the current solutions for the interference of CD38 monoclonal antibody (CD38 mAb) in transfusion compatibility testing. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, polybrene and sulfhydryl reducing agents [dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me)], as a solution for CD38 mAb interference in blood compatibility testing, are recommended for Chinese patients, so as to eliminate blood transfusion interference produce by CD38 mAb and further provide a pre-transfusion workflow for clinicians and technicians in Department of Blood Transfusion.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and inflammatory factors (CRP ,IL‐17) in elderly patients with colorectal carcinoma .Methods The expression of sICAM‐1 ,CRP and IL‐17 in 76 ca‐ses of elderly patients and 32 cases of youg patients with colorectal cancer were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay be‐fore and after surgery ,and to analyze its clinical significance correlated with pathological parameters .Meanwhile ,60 cases of healthy were controls .Results The serum levels of IL‐17 and sICAM‐1 were higher in patients with different ages of colorectal cancer than those of the normal control group (P<0 .05) ,and the concentrations of the two group after operation were significantly lower than those of the normal control group (P<0 .05) .The CRP levels of the young group and old group were similar to that of the normal control group (P>0 .05) .The level of CRP before operation in the young group was higher than that in the normal control group (P<0 .05) .The levels of serum IL‐17 and sICAM‐1 were significantly different between the young and the old group(P<0 .05) , while the CRP level was similar in the two groups (P>0 .05) .The serum levels of sICAM‐1 and IL‐17 in colorectal cancer patients were associated with the degree of differentiation ,depth of invasion ,lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P<0 .05) .The level of CRP was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion ,lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The serum levels of sICAM‐1 ,CRP and IL‐17 reflect the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer in a certain extent ,which play important roles in predicting the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer .