Objectives: To describe prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and personality dysfunction in senior high school students in Beijing using cross-sectional study, to explore genetic and environmental risk factors of PD in adolescence using a case-control study, to establishand test the hypothesis of genetic and environmental risk factors of PD using a cohort study and describe the natural history of personality dysfunction, and to develop and test an intervention model of mental health education to community adolescents in Beijing using a community intervention trail. Methods: By means of cross-sectional study, case-control study, cohort study, and community intervention trial, 10003 senior high school students and their parents were investigated by Personality Disorder Questionnaire-fourth edition, Parental Rearing Behavior Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU), General Information Questionnaire, and International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to diagnose PD according to the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The subjects were followed-up for three years to observe the dynamic change of personal dysfunction and to evaluate the effect of intervention measure of mental health education. The univariate and multivariate analysis methods were applied for data analyses.

Objectives: To describe prevalence of personality dysfuction and personality disorders (PD) and their distribution in senior high school students in Beijing. Methods: By means of cross-sectional study, 10003 senior high school students were investigated by Personality Disorder Questionnaire-fourth edition (PDQ-4), Parental Rearing Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU), General Information Questionnaire, and International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to diagnose PD according to the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Results: In the students of first grade, the mean score of PDQ-4 was (25. 38 ± 9. 64). Male students had higher PDQ-4 scroes than those of female. Students in rural high schools had higher PDQ-4 scroes than those of students in urban high schools. Students in general high schools had the highest PDQ-4 scroes, followed by students in disctrict-level key high schools, and the students from city-level key high schools had the lowest PDQ-4 scroes. The prevalence rate of personality dysfunction was 8. 3％ with similar distributions of PDQ-4 scroes by gender, residential area, and rank of school. In the students of third grade, the mean score of PDQ-4 was (23. 10 ± 10. 20). Male students had higher PDQ-4 scroes than those of female. The prevalence rates of personality dysfunction and PD were 5. 8％ and 1. 83％, respectively. The correlation coefficients of EMBU had statistical significances and four common factors were identified by factor analysis. The heritability of overall PD of father and mother were 0. 71 and 0. 72, respectively. The heritability of each PD cluster was higher than 0. 6. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of personality dysfunction and personality disorder in Beijing, China is lower than those in other countries. The genetic factor plays an important role in the development of PD.

This article reviews studies on the heredity of personality disorders and family environment factors from the population-based studies, and summarizes the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. Studies have shown that there is a genetic basis for personality disorders, including family studies, twin studies, and neurophysiological studies. In addition, environmental factors, including social psychological factors, also play an important role in the development of personality disorder. In sum, the occurrence of personality disorder is the result of interactions between genetic factors and environmental factors. This paper snmmarizes sresearch on personality disorders, and investigates the role of interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of personality disorders. Such evidence has implications for effective prevention and intervention of personality disorders.

Objectives: To explore genetic and environmental risk factors of personality disorder (PD). Methods:By means of case-control study, 10003 senior high school students and their parents were investigated twice in first and third grades using Personality Disorder Questionnaire-fourth edition (PDQ-4), Parental Rearing Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU), General Information Questionnaire, and InternationalPersonality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to diagnose PD according to the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The univariate and multivariate analysis methods were applied for data processing. Results: In the students of first grade, the risk factors of personality dysfunction were poor parental relationship, rural residential area, parental rejection, overprotection, favoring subject, non-emotional warmth, shorter time of living with parents, and male. Similar results were yielded instudents of third grades. The risk factors of PD were poor parental relationship, parental rejection, and over-protection. The heritability of overall PD of father and mother were 0. 84 and 0. 85, respectively. The heritability of each PD cluster was higher than 0. 6. Conclusion: The genetic factor plays an important role in the development of PD. Family environmental risk factors include poor parental relationship, parental rejection and over-protection.

Objectives: To prove the environmental etiological hypothesis of personality disorder and to evaluate the relative risk(RR) of family environmental risk factors for personality disorder. Methods: By means of cohort study, about 9200 senior high school students and their parents had been followed-up for three years by Personality Disorder Questionnaire-fourth edition (PDQ-4), Parental Rearing Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU), General Information Questionnaire, and International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) to diagnose PD according to the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The univariate and multivariate analysis methods were applied for data processing. Results: The incidence rate of personality dysfunction and personality disorders were 4. 0％ and 1. 1％, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the incidence of personality dysfunction had significant statistical association with male, the parental rejection and over-protection, with the Relative Risks being 0. 64, 2. 60 and 2. 31, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the incidence of PD had significant statistical association with the parental rejection and over-protection, with the RR being 2. 45 and 2. 80, respectively. Conclusion: The family environmental risk factors are significantly associated with personality disorders.

Objectives: To establish an intervention model of mental health education for personality disorders through community intervention study and to provide scientific basis for the early intervention of personality disorders. Methods: In Beijing, students from 25 high schools were selected as subjects of the study. Random cluster sampling method was used to divide all the schools into intervention group (13high schools) and non-intervention group (12 high schools), when the students werein the first grade. All of the schools were followedup for three years. According to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria, PDQ-4 and the International Personality Disorder Checklist (IPDE) were used to screen and diagnose personality disorder. Associated influencing factors were collected using the Parental Rearing Questionnaire (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppfor-stran, EMBU) and the General Information Questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: PDQ-4 scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the non-intervention group. PDQ-4 scores and incidence rates of PD at the third grade were significantly lower than those at the first grade. Logistic regression analysis yielded risk factors of overall PD including poor parental relationship, parental rejection and over-protection. The incidence rate of personality dysfunction was 3. 4％ in the intervention group, and 4. 0％ in the non-intervention group. The incidence rate of PD was 0. 8％ in the intervention group, and 1. 1％ in the non-intervention group without statistical significance. The PDQ-4 score showed significant decline trend during the three years. But the prevalence rates had no statistical significant difference between intervention and non-intervention groups. Moreover, the prevalence rate of personality dysfunction significantly decreased after three years. The incidence rates of cluster C, as well as paranoid, narcissistic and borderline PD were statistically significantly decreased after the intervention. Conclusion:The mental health education during adolescence is effective and contributes to the promotion of mental health for adolescents.

Objectives: To implement cost effective evaluation on the interventions to personality dysfunction in adolescents, so as to provide scientific evidences for extending the interventions. Methods: Cost identification, measurement of the cost, and valuing the cost were implemented to calculate the cost of the interventions. Effects of the interventions were measured based on three indicators: (1) differences of the decreasing scores of Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) between intervention group and control group from grade one to three, (2) differences of the decrease number of students with personality dysfunction between intervention group and control group from grade one to three, and (3) differences of the incidence of personality dysfunction between intervention group and control group. Cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs) were calculated for the economic evaluation of the interventions. Results: The total cost of the interventions was 67, 860 Yuan. After intervention, among all of the students in intervention group, the cost of reducing one score of PDQ-4 was 9. 25 Yuan. The cost of reducing one person with personality dysfunction was 6169 Yuan. And the cost of avoiding one person developed personality dysfunction was 2714 Yuan. The cost effectiveness were not balanced among Cluster A, Cluster B and Cluster C personality dysfunction. Similar tendency was found among 10 types of personality dysfunction. Conclusion: The "Intervention Measure on Personality Dysfunction" in adolescents is easy to implement and has relative low costs. Further interventions of the specific cluster or type of personality dysfunction can be carried out based on the findings from this study.

Objectives: To explore the effect of personality dysfunction on freshmen's mental status. Methods:Cohort study design was applied in the study. Exposure factors were personality dysfunction and intervention. The mental health status of 2516 freshmen was evaluated by Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Relative risk (RR) and attributive risk (AR) were calculated to test the relationship between exposure factors and mental health status. Results: Cohort study showed that RRs of all types of personality dysfunction history in senior high schools developing mental symptoms in the freshman year were between 1. 980 to 10. 167. Interventions to personality dysfunction during high schools had protective effect to the development of mental symptoms. Conclusion: Personality dysfunction isa risk factor of mental symptoms of freshmen. Early intervention could decrease the risk of the mental symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo improve the MigR1-CD19-CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) that contains a single chain variable region (scFv) which targeted to CD19 through a retroviral vector transduction efficiency of T-lymphocytes.

METHODSInsert the CD19-CAR fragment into the retroviral vector (MigR1) through recombinant DNA technology, after transfecting plat-A packaging cell lines, viral supernatant was collected to transduce K562 cell line and activated human T-lymphocytes. We used flow cytometry to determine the transduction efficiency and RT-PCR to confirm the transcription of CD19-CAR gene. The ability of the transduced T cells to produce IFN-γ and TNF-α in a CD19-specific manner was measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay.

RESULTS(1)Using MigR1-CD19-CAR retroviral vector to produce the high titer retrovirus. (2)MigR1-CD19-CAR transduction efficiency of K562 cell line was significantly higher than human T-lymphocytes (P<0.01). (3)120 min centrifugation could significantly improve transduction efficiency of T-lymphocytes to (54.5±14.6)%. (4)Transduction efficiency could be improved by deciding transduce time according to T-lymphocytes proliferation fold in vitro individually, and the highest transduction efficiency in the study was 69.3%. The CD19-CAR gene sequence was transcripted specificly with high efficiency. (5) IFN-γ and TNF-α released by CD19-CAR transduced T-lymphocytes significantly increased to (13 230±1 543) pg/ml and (4 217±211) pg/ml when coculture with CD19-K562 cells.

CONCLUSIONWe have successfully constructed a second generation CAR which targeted to CD19 through a retroviral vector called MigR1 (MigR1-CD19-CAR). Deciding transduce time according to T-lymphocytes proliferation fold in vitro individually and 120 min centrifugation could improve the CAR transduction efficiency of T-lymphocytes. RT-PCR confirmed that the CD19-CAR gene was specificly transcripted with high efficiency. IFN-γ and TNF-α released by CD19-CAR transduced T-lymphocytes significantly increased when activated by target cells.

Antigens, CD19 ; Cell Proliferation ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Recoverin ; Retroviridae ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of lateral intracerebroventricular injection of Apelin-13 on the YAP expression and the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in Wistar rats.Methods Healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the sham group, cerebral I/R group and Apelin-13 treatment group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established with ischemia for 1 hour and reperfusion for 24 hours after restricting food and water intake for 12 hours.Apelin-13 was injected into rats' lateral ventricles of Apelin-13 treatment group after reperfusion.Neural function defects was assessed.The volume of infarction was evaluated by TTC staining.The expression levels of YAP were detected by western blot.Results Compared with the cerebral I/R group,the rats in the Apelin-13 treatment group had abetter neurologic score ((2.67±0.33) vs (1.67±0.33) , P＜0.05), the infarction volume was decreased ((30.60± 1.42) ％ vs (23.70± 2.20) ％,P＜0.05) , and YAP expression level was increased in each part of the cerebral tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion Apelin-13 has a neuroprotective effect,which plays the therapeutic effect by regulating the expression of YAP on cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury in Wistar rats.