Introduction: Estradiol benzoate is widely used to mimic dysmenorrhea in mice, inducing oxidative stress and inflammation during menstruation. Since curcumin is a potent natural antioxidant, it presumably decreases dysmenorrhea and oxidative stress during menstruation. This study aims to investigate the effect of curcumin on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in estradiol benzoate-induced dysmenorrhea in mice. Methods: Forty mice were randomly grouped into five groups. The first three groups were treated with curcumin twice a day with 100 mg/kg (Dys+Cur100), 200 mg/kg (Dys+Cur200), and 400 mg/kg (Dys+Cur400) in corn oil. The next two groups were treated with either 100 mg/kg ibuprofen (Dys+Ibu) or corn oil as placebo (Dys). Oxytocin was used to induce a writhing response to pain in mice. On day 11, blood serum was taken for examination of SOD and MDA concentration in mice. Results: Significant differences were observed between the SOD concentration in the Dys+Cur100 vs. Dys group (p < 0.05). The MDA concentration did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). Although the antioxidant effect of curcumin failed to lower the MDA concentration, it succeeded in elevating the SOD concentration in mice treated with 100 mg curcumin. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of curcumin improved SOD levels but not MDA levels in dysmenorrhea-induced mice, highlighting the indirect effect of curcumin on dysmenorrhea treatment.