Temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) is a critical anatomical structure within the maxillofacial region. However, its self-repair ability is limited, which often leads to functional degradation. The development of tissue engineering technology provides a new treatment strategy for TMJD repair, in which the scaffold provides basic physical support and suitable cellular microenvironment. Scaffold materials include naturally derived scaffolds, decellularised extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic polymer scaffolds. Currently, advancements in material composite techniques, surface modification, and chemical modification, as well as the optimization of electrospinning and three-dimensional printing technologies, have significantly enhanced the overall performance of the scaffold. These improvements exhibit promising potential for the repair of TMJD with varying degrees of defects. This paper provides an overview of the progress in tissue engineering scaffold materials in repairing of TMJD, focusing on ideal biological properties, material types, scaffold optimization strategies and clinical application. It aims to serve as a reference for the development of scaffold materials and the clinical translation of tissue engineering.

Temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) is a critical anatomical structure within the maxillofacial region. However, its self-repair ability is limited, which often leads to functional degradation. The development of tissue engineering technology provides a new treatment strategy for TMJD repair, in which the scaffold provides basic physical support and suitable cellular microenvironment. Scaffold materials include naturally derived scaffolds, decellularised extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic polymer scaffolds. Currently, advancements in material composite techniques, surface modification, and chemical modification, as well as the optimization of electrospinning and three-dimensional printing technologies, have significantly enhanced the overall performance of the scaffold. These improvements exhibit promising potential for the repair of TMJD with varying degrees of defects. This paper provides an overview of the progress in tissue engineering scaffold materials in repairing of TMJD, focusing on ideal biological properties, material types, scaffold optimization strategies and clinical application. It aims to serve as a reference for the development of scaffold materials and the clinical translation of tissue engineering.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles. Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM, offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision. Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components. This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Web of Science, using “mass spectrometry database” and “traditional Chinese medicine” as keywords. It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases. The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized, detailing their characteristics, search methodologies, included information, and data sources. Additionally, challenges related to data quality, standardization, timely updates, database interaction, retrieval functionality, and data sharing and security are discussed in depth. Furthermore, the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases, emphasizing the importance of open data sharing, technological innovation, and data security. Through this analysis, the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components, as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Complex crown-root fractures in the esthetic zone refer to a type of dental trauma occurring in the anterior region, characterized by concurrent fractures involving both the crown and the root, with associated pulp exposure and periodontal tissue injury. These injuries consistently exhibit critical anatomical features, including a fixed palatal fracture location below the alveolar crest, compromised residual tooth structure, and frequent encroachment of the biological width. To predict treatment outcomes, a risk assessment framework based on the restoration-tooth-periodontium interface was developed. Resistance risk was evaluated by assessing the type of residual dentin ferrule and the length of the root within the alveolar bone, while periodontal risk was assessed according to gingival phenotype and alveolar bone morphology. Based on these risk dimensions and the principles of aesthetics, stability, and minimally invasive treatment, a diagnostic classification system was established to categorize fractures into three types: favorable, intervention and high-risk. Type-specific management strategies were proposed: for favorable cases, crown lengthening combined with deep margin elevation to reduce periodontal risk is recommended; for intervention cases, orthodontic extrusion or surgical extrusion is applied to simultaneously address both ferrule deficiency and biological width violation; for high-risk cases, extraction followed by implant restoration is advised due to limited root preservation value. The presented classification enables clinicians to adopt a scientific and structured approach to treatment planning for these complex crown-root fractures in the aesthetic zone.
Humans ; Tooth Fractures/therapy* ; Tooth Root/injuries* ; Risk Assessment ; Tooth Crown/injuries* ; Periodontium ; Esthetics, Dental ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods*

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Objective:To explore the differences in the clinical application of different brands of infrared ear thermometers in pediatric patients,and to guide the rational use of infrared ear thermometers.Methods:A total of 164 inpatients and outpatients who received treatment in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2023 to July 2023 were randomly selected,and three different brands of ear thermometers were used to measure the ear temperature of the children in the same measurement method.The differences in temperature and time measured by different brands of ear thermometers in children of different ages were compared.Results:The temperature and time measurements of the three ear thermometers were compared,the difference was statistically significant(F=5.007,264.988,P<0.05).The temperature of children aged≤3 months was measured by the three ear thermometers,and the difference was statistically significant(F=3.868,P<0.05).there was no difference in children aged over 3 months.Conclusion:For children of different ages,medical institutions can make choices based on the comprehensive consideration of the use cost,the speed of measurement time and other factors.For children aged over 3 months,choose product B with lower cost and faster measurement time,for children aged 0-3 months,it is recommended to choose product A with more accurate temperature measurement values.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global metabolic disease with potentially life- threatening complications. Liver metabolism plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus. It has been reported that the Chinese medicinal Anemarrhenae rhizoma (AR) can relieve insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. However, the effect on abnormal liver metabolism in diabetes mellitus is still unclear. Therefore, we extracted liver proteins of T2DM rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ), T2DM rats treated with AR extract (ARE), obesity rats (fed with HFD), and normal control rats (fed with normal diet). Then, through tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling combined with mass spectrometry (MS), we obtained the quantitative proteomic data. Bioinformatics software was used for hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis of the data in each group. The volcano map for differentially expressed proteins (P < 0.05, fold change > 1.5) was plotted. It was found that the treatment group was closer to the normal control group, indicating that the quantitative proteomic data of liver tissue can reflect the therapeutic effect of ARE on T2DM rats. Key protein clusters closely related to the treatment of ARE were screened out. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the protein clusters were analyzed by David, and the result showed that AR's alleviation of abnormal fatty acid metabolism in livers of T2DM rats may be related to the regulation of the expression of key proteins Ndufa6 and Prkar2b.
Rats ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism* ; Proteomics/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Anemarrhena ; Liver/metabolism*

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism* ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism* ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Troponin T/metabolism*