Complex crown-root fractures in the esthetic zone refer to a type of dental trauma occurring in the anterior region, characterized by concurrent fractures involving both the crown and the root, with associated pulp exposure and periodontal tissue injury. These injuries consistently exhibit critical anatomical features, including a fixed palatal fracture location below the alveolar crest, compromised residual tooth structure, and frequent encroachment of the biological width. To predict treatment outcomes, a risk assessment framework based on the restoration-tooth-periodontium interface was developed. Resistance risk was evaluated by assessing the type of residual dentin ferrule and the length of the root within the alveolar bone, while periodontal risk was assessed according to gingival phenotype and alveolar bone morphology. Based on these risk dimensions and the principles of aesthetics, stability, and minimally invasive treatment, a diagnostic classification system was established to categorize fractures into three types: favorable, intervention and high-risk. Type-specific management strategies were proposed: for favorable cases, crown lengthening combined with deep margin elevation to reduce periodontal risk is recommended; for intervention cases, orthodontic extrusion or surgical extrusion is applied to simultaneously address both ferrule deficiency and biological width violation; for high-risk cases, extraction followed by implant restoration is advised due to limited root preservation value. The presented classification enables clinicians to adopt a scientific and structured approach to treatment planning for these complex crown-root fractures in the aesthetic zone.
Humans ; Tooth Fractures/therapy* ; Tooth Root/injuries* ; Risk Assessment ; Tooth Crown/injuries* ; Periodontium ; Esthetics, Dental ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods*

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) is a critical anatomical structure within the maxillofacial region. However, its self-repair ability is limited, which often leads to functional degradation. The development of tissue engineering technology provides a new treatment strategy for TMJD repair, in which the scaffold provides basic physical support and suitable cellular microenvironment. Scaffold materials include naturally derived scaffolds, decellularised extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic polymer scaffolds. Currently, advancements in material composite techniques, surface modification, and chemical modification, as well as the optimization of electrospinning and three-dimensional printing technologies, have significantly enhanced the overall performance of the scaffold. These improvements exhibit promising potential for the repair of TMJD with varying degrees of defects. This paper provides an overview of the progress in tissue engineering scaffold materials in repairing of TMJD, focusing on ideal biological properties, material types, scaffold optimization strategies and clinical application. It aims to serve as a reference for the development of scaffold materials and the clinical translation of tissue engineering.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles. Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM, offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision. Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components. This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Web of Science, using “mass spectrometry database” and “traditional Chinese medicine” as keywords. It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases. The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized, detailing their characteristics, search methodologies, included information, and data sources. Additionally, challenges related to data quality, standardization, timely updates, database interaction, retrieval functionality, and data sharing and security are discussed in depth. Furthermore, the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases, emphasizing the importance of open data sharing, technological innovation, and data security. Through this analysis, the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components, as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Temporomandibular joint disc (TMJD) is a critical anatomical structure within the maxillofacial region. However, its self-repair ability is limited, which often leads to functional degradation. The development of tissue engineering technology provides a new treatment strategy for TMJD repair, in which the scaffold provides basic physical support and suitable cellular microenvironment. Scaffold materials include naturally derived scaffolds, decellularised extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic polymer scaffolds. Currently, advancements in material composite techniques, surface modification, and chemical modification, as well as the optimization of electrospinning and three-dimensional printing technologies, have significantly enhanced the overall performance of the scaffold. These improvements exhibit promising potential for the repair of TMJD with varying degrees of defects. This paper provides an overview of the progress in tissue engineering scaffold materials in repairing of TMJD, focusing on ideal biological properties, material types, scaffold optimization strategies and clinical application. It aims to serve as a reference for the development of scaffold materials and the clinical translation of tissue engineering.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Objective:To explore the differences in the clinical application of different brands of infrared ear thermometers in pediatric patients,and to guide the rational use of infrared ear thermometers.Methods:A total of 164 inpatients and outpatients who received treatment in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2023 to July 2023 were randomly selected,and three different brands of ear thermometers were used to measure the ear temperature of the children in the same measurement method.The differences in temperature and time measured by different brands of ear thermometers in children of different ages were compared.Results:The temperature and time measurements of the three ear thermometers were compared,the difference was statistically significant(F=5.007,264.988,P<0.05).The temperature of children aged≤3 months was measured by the three ear thermometers,and the difference was statistically significant(F=3.868,P<0.05).there was no difference in children aged over 3 months.Conclusion:For children of different ages,medical institutions can make choices based on the comprehensive consideration of the use cost,the speed of measurement time and other factors.For children aged over 3 months,choose product B with lower cost and faster measurement time,for children aged 0-3 months,it is recommended to choose product A with more accurate temperature measurement values.

Optical illusion refers to the phenomenon in which the scene observed by the human eye is not completely consistent with the objectively presented scene. Optical illusions in stomatology, as well as their clinical application, are demonstrated in this paper in terms of shade, shape and aesthetic design. Shade is not only affected by the optical illusions with which it is associated, such as color metamerism, color constancy and the Chevreul illusion, but also influenced by the surroundings. It is suggested that the surrounding lighting during veneering should be the same as that during color matching in the clinic. As indicated by the Poggendorf illusion and the Leaning Tower illusion, the practice should be conducted and checked from multiple perspectives to compensate for the limitation of human eyes, such as intraoral scanning. Other digital technologies, including digital facial scanning and cephalometric measurement, could be used to reduce the subjective influence of observation. In terms of esthetic design, the interaction of the part and the whole, suggested by Ebbinghaus illusion, should be considered: an individual harmony smile should be designed considering the characteristics of the personality and the features of the face, lips, teeth and gingiva of the patient. Furthermore, personal information, such as gender and age, should be taken into consideration in beautification presentation. Further research should be focused on the influence of optical illusions in stomatology in more details. More communication among doctors, technicians and patients is needed. Clinicians should be aware of the impact of optical illusions to reduce subjective bias in clinical standardized operations and further take advantage of optical illusions to create beautification presentations of dental restorations and smiles.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism* ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism* ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Troponin T/metabolism*