Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and significant clinical burden. In Mongolia, research on AD has increased over the past decade; however, findings remain fragmented across various areas. Aim: To synthesize evidence from studies conducted in Mongolia over the last 10 years regarding the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted, including original studies on Mongolian populations published within the last decade. Studies addressing skin barrier function, immunological mechanisms, genetic factors, environmental exposures, clinical severity, diagnostic tools, and treatment approaches were included. Results: The study findings show that genetic studies identified polymorphisms in the filaggrin gene and, more recently, mutations in the GCDH gene, suggesting these are linked to AD severity and allergen sensitization. Research on the immunopathogenesis of AD revealed that Th2-type cytokines, especially IL-3 and IL-4, are associated with pruritus and disease severity. Additionally, decreased skin hydration and increased transepidermal water loss in individuals with AD were linked to greater disease severity. Disease severity was evaluated using the SCORAD, EASI, and POEM tools, with most studies reporting that mild-to-moderate AD was most common. Clinically, symptoms like pruritus and sleep disturbances were evident. Additionally, clinical severity was associated with laboratory markers, particularly total IgE levels. The high rate of sensitization to inhalant and food allergens suggests that extrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) may be common in the Mongolian population. In treatment studies using locally relevant natural products in Mongolia, such as seabuckthorn oil and Shargaljuut mineral spring spray, these products were associated with clinical improvement, suggesting they could serve as additional therapeutic options. Conclusion Research on atopic dermatitis in Mongolia has progressed in several areas; however, the current evidence remains limited and is mostly based on cross-sectional, small-sample, single-center, hospital-based studies. Therefore, there is a need for future comprehensive studies that are multicenter, long-term, and involve larger populations.

BACKGROUND. HCV-infected and obesity related liver diseases are leading to increases in the prevalence of advanced liver disease. So, studying liver disease, especially liver fibrosis is crucial issue of today. In Mongolia digestive system disease is second causation of non-communicable disease. Therefrom in last years hepatocellular carcinoma is most common malignancy, first of all cancers in Mongolia. In response to acute or chronic liver injury, hepatic fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix and ultimately leads to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the end-stage of fibrosis, resulting in nodule formation that may lead to altered hepatic function and blood flow. Defining the phase of liver fibrosis is crucial for therapeutic choice prognosis, important role in monitoring treatment. At the present time, use of direct and undirect biomarkers methods could be recommended for liver fibrosis stage. The aim of this study is to determine liver fibrosis stage and to compare undirect biomarkers in chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis. METHODS: 630 cases by chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis at third central hospital in Mongolia from retrospectively reviewed and analysed. The clinical data including AST, ALT, platelet count and INR were recorded. APRI, FIB-4, AAR and FibroQ were calculated. RESULT: From all, males 42.06% and females 57.94%, with mean age of 55.35±24.0, in 130 cases with chronic viral hepatitis and 500 cases with cirrhosis. In cases of cirrhosis, mean value of platelet count, ALT, AST, INR was 120.54±73.53, 104.55±500.22, 111.68±279.97, 2.19±10.45, respectively. And in cases of chronic viral hepatitis platelet count mean value was 211.18±6.42. APRI was detected <0.5 cutoff value (F0-F1) 11.7% non-fibrosis, 0.5-1.5 score (F2-F3) 27.5% fibrosis, >1.5 cutoff value (F4) 60.8% cirrhosis. FIB-4 was determined <1.45 cutoff value (F0-F1) 14.8% non-fibrosis, 1.45-3.25 score (F2-F3) 15.7% fibrosis, >3.25 cutoff value (F4) 69.5%, AAR was showed <0.4 cutoff value (F0-F1) 2.3% non-fibrosis, 0.4-1 score (F2-F3) 30.2% fibrosis, >1 cutoff value (F4) 67.5%. And FibroQ was detected <0.6 cutoff value (F0- F1) 0.5% non-fibrosis, 0.6-2.6 score (F2-F3) 6% fibrosis, cutoff value 2.6< (F4) 93.5 cirrhosis. In study liver fibrosis staging by APRI, AAR, FIB-4 and FibroQ score system, AAR was determined fibrosis in 190 cases. CONCLUSION: Recorded data ALT, AST, INR in cases of cirrhosis were detected 104.55±500.22, 111.68±279.97, 2.19±10.45, respectively. And in cases of chronic hepatitis platelet count mean value was 211.18±6.42. APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FibroQ was determined fibrosis 27.5%,30.16%,15.71% and 6.03%, respectively.