Background: Basketball involves repeated high-intensity, explosive movements that depend largely on anaerobic energy systems. Accordingly, anaerobic capacity and body-composition parameters such as skeletal muscle mass and fat distribution are key determinants of performance. However, data-driven studies integrating conditioning training, anaerobic performance, and body composition in Mongolian professional players are limited, and the application of machine-learning approaches in this context remains underexplored. Aim: To examine the relationships between conditioning training, anaerobic capacity, and body composition in professional basketball players and to develop a machine-learning model for injury-risk prediction. Materials and Methods: Eleven healthy professional male basketball players (21–28 years) from the Omni Erdenet Miners were evaluated. Body composition was measured using the InBody 970, and anaerobic performance was assessed by a 30-s Wingate test on a Monark 894E ergometer. Measurements were obtained at three time points. Changes were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, while associations were examined by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Injury-risk models were developed using Random Forest and regression-based machine-learning methods. Research Ethics Committee, approval number 24-25/04-01 Result: Phase angle increased from 6.8±0.5 to 7.3±0.6° (p =0.021), and body-fat percentage decreased from 20.5±3.2% to 16.2±2.0% (p =0.015), with no change in skeletal muscle mass. Visceral fat decreased and anaerobic peak and mean power improved (p <0.05). Fat percentage was negatively correlated with anaerobic performance. Heart-rate recovery improved, indicating enhanced exercise tolerance. Random Forest identified phase angle, visceral fat, fat percentage, and fatigue index as the strongest predictors of injury risk. Conclusion 1. The body composition of professional basketball players was closely associated with anaerobic performance and recovery indices, with higher body fat percentage and central adiposity tending to be linked to reduced anaerobic capacity. 2. Reducing fat mass while preserving muscle mass did not adversely affect anaerobic performance and demonstrated potential improvements in performance efficiency, load tolerance, and recovery regulation. 3. A Random Forest Regression model based on body composition and anaerobic capacity indicators demonstrated a high level of accuracy in predicting performance decline and injury risk.

Background: According to the World Health Organization (2021), low back pain (LBP) affected approximately 619 million people worldwide in 2020, and the number of cases is projected to increase to 843 million by 2050, mainly due to population growth and aging. A study conducted in the Neurosurgery Department of the National Trauma and Orthopedic Research Center reported that over the past five years, the number of surgeries performed due to spinal disorders, particularly intervertebral disc herniation causing compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots has increased four to fivefold. Furthermore, this condition accounts for the majority of patients seeking treatment abroad. According to the 2023 statistical report of the State Central Hospital, a total of 477 surgeries were performed in the Neurosurgery Department. However, there are relatively few studies that have compared and evaluated pain levels before and after spinal surgery among patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to address this research gap. Aim: To compare and examine the intensity of back pain before and after surgery among patients who have undergone spinal surgery. Materials and Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design using a quantitative research approach. A total of 123 patients who underwent spinal surgery at the Neurological Clinical Center of the State Central Hospital were randomly selected and included in the study. Pain intensity in patients undergoing spinal surgery was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) developed by Hayes and Patterson et al. A linear pain intensity assessment method was applied, and the study utilized a questionnaire consisting of 13 sociodemographic items. Result: All participants (100%) reported pain prior to surgery. Assessment of pain intensity showed that 1.6% (n=2) had mild pain, 52.8% (n=65) had moderate pain, and 45.5% (n=56) had severe pain. On the third postoperative day, pain assessment indicated improvement, with 51.2% (n=63) reporting no pain and 48.8% (n=60) reporting mild pain. The mean pain intensity score decreased from 4.63±0.53 before surgery to 1.48±0.50 after surgery (p = 0.009). Analysis of factors affecting postoperative pain revealed a significant association with the type of surgical procedure performed (p<0.03). Conclusion Comparison of pain intensity before surgery and on the third postoperative day among patients who underwent spinal surgery demonstrated significant improvement. Preoperative pain intensity varied according to the surgical indication, while postoperative pain was significantly associated with the type of surgical procedure and body mass index (BMI).

Background: The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Mongolia was reported on November 11, 2020. In response, the government imposed a nationwide lockdown, which significantly impacted the population’s mental health. Heightened levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depression during the pandemic altered individuals’ psychological stability and behavior. Personality traits—defined as relatively stable patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior—play a key role in stress responses and emotional regulation under pressure. Emerging evidence suggests that these psychological factors may influence the immune system’s responsiveness, including vaccine-induced antibody production. Aim: To evaluate the association between post-vaccination antibody responses and personality types following two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Materials and Methods: A total of 738 participants who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1, n=29; Pfizer-BioNTech, n=119; Sinopharm BBIBP, n=590) and had no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Serum samples were collected 21–28 days after the second dose, and SARS-CoV-2 RBD (S) IgG antibodies were measured using ELISA (Proteintech Inc., USA). Personality types were assessed using a 56-item temperament questionnaire developed by A. Belov, categorizing individuals into classical temperament types (choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, melancholic). Logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to examine associations between personality types and antibody response. Results: The presence of an antibody response was significantly higher among individuals with a melancholic temperament, and significantly lower among those with a phlegmatic temperament. Furthermore, antibody titers were higher in participants with melancholic and sanguine temperaments and lower in those with a phlegmatic type. Conclusions 1. During the early period following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination, the antibody response was higher in individuals with a pure melancholic temperament, while it was lower in those with a phlegmatic temperament. 2. After the second dose of the Sinopharm BBIBP COVID-19 vaccine, antibody titers were higher in individuals with pure melancholic and sanguine temperaments, and lower in those with a phlegmatic temperament.

Background: Hypokalemia is considered when the serum potassium level is less than 3.5 mmol/L. Clinical research indicates that hypokalemia affects 20% of hospitalized patients, and in 24% of these cases, inadequate interventions result in life-threatening complications. At present, there is no research available on the prevalence, management, and outcomes of hypokalemia in hospitalized patients, which justifies the need for this study. Aim: The study aimed to examine the prevalence of hypokalemia and the effectiveness of its management in hospitalized patients within the internal medicine department, in relation to the knowledge of doctors and resident physicians. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based retrospective study included a total of 553 cases of patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Department of the Mongolia Japan Hospital between January 2024 and August 2024. Patients with a potassium level of <3.5 mmol/L were diagnosed with hypokalemia, and the effectiveness of potassium replacement therapy was evaluated according to the method of supplementation employed. Results: The prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department was 9.8% (54 cases). Based on the study criteria, 42 cases of hypokalemia were selected for further analysis, and a total of 118 potassium replacements were performed through oral, intravenous, and mixed methods. Following potassium replacement therapy, 37.3% (44) of patients achieved normalized potassium levels, while 62.7% (74) still had persistent hypokalemia. Conclusion According to the study results, the prevalence of hypokalemia among hospitalized patients in the Internal Medicine Department is 9.8%. The method of potassium replacement and the severity of hypokalemia do not impact the normalization of potassium levels, with the critical factor being the proper dosage of supplementation. The knowledge of doctors and resident physicians regarding hypokalemia is insufficient, and there is a need to implement guidelines and protocols for potassium replacement therapy in daily clinical practice.

Background: The skin barrier serves as the primary defense against environmental factors. Mongolia’s extreme climate conditions may contribute to skin barrier impairment, increased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), and decreased skin moisture. Objective: To determine and compare skin moisture, TEWL, and skin pH levels in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2023 with 104 relatively healthy children selected through random sampling. Skin physiological parameters, including skin moisture, skin pH and TEWL were measured following the EEMCO (European Group on Efficacy Measurement of Cosmetics and Other Topical Products) guidelines using the Multi Skin Test MC750 device (Courage+Khazaka Electronics, Germany) at nine different sites. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Stata-14 software. Results: Among the participants, 51.9% (n=54) reported having dry skin (p<0.0001). Additionally, 64.5% (n=67) used moisturizers, but their usage did not show a statistically significant difference in skin moisture (p=0.929), skin pH (p=0.378), or TEWL (p=0.332). 14.42% (n=15) had extremely dry skin, while 85.58% (n=89) had dry skin, with no participants falling within the normal skin moisture range. TEWL showed a moderate inverse correlation with age (r=-0.331, p=0.0006). When analyzed by age groups, skin moisture (p=0.023) and TEWL (p=0.038) differed significantly between groups. Conclusion Skin moisture and TEWL significantly differ across age groups. Given that all participants had dry skin, moisturization is crucial. Mongolia’s extreme climate is likely a key contributing factor to childhood skin dryness.

Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, relapsing, allergic skin disease characterized by stronglypruritic eczematous skin lesions. Pruritus is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, with a significant impact on quality of life for the patients. Many patients define their disease severity by the intensity of pruritus rather than by the appearance of skin lesions. Although the pruritus is one of the most essential symptoms of atopic dermatitis, its pathophysiology is still unclear. The lack of effect of antihistamines argues against a role of histamine in causing atopic dermatitis–related pruritus. Neuropeptides, proteases, kinins, and cytokines induce itching. In the early stages of atopic dermatitis Th2 cellsplay a significant role. Interleukin-31 is a cytokine produced by T cells that increases the survival ofhematopoietic cells and stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells. Our study aim is to investigate the correlation between the serum level of IL-31 and the severity of disease.A total of 80 participants with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis based on the Hanifin and Rajka criteriaare selected from all patients of the National Dermatology center. A questionnaire consisting of theparticipant’s general information and disease history is obtained. The severity of disease is assessed by using SCORAD (Scoring atopic dermatitis) and patients with AD will be grouped into mild (< 25 points), moderate (25-50 points) or severe (> 50 points) disease groups. Serum IL-31 is measured using ELISA from peripheral blood.The main symptoms were pruritis (91,3%) and xerosis (78,8%). The serum IL-31 and NGF was higher in severe patients while the pruritus and sleep loss were stronger in those patients. Serum IL-31 was significantly correlated to Scorad index and sleep loss (р<0,05).IL-31 could be itch biomarkers. IL-31 has a role in pathogenesis of pruritus and atopic dermatitis.

IntroductionThe degree to which the change of season influences mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference,and the wish to socialize has been called “seasonality” [1]. In 1984 Rosenthal and associatesdescribed the syndrome of “seasonal affective disorder” (SAD), a condition where depressions in falland winter alternate with non-depressed periods in the spring and summer [5]. Seasonal AffectiveDisorder (SAD) is supposed to be caused by lack of daylight in winter [6]. Ulaanbaatar city is thecoldest capital in compared with medium temperature of the world. That’s why, it is an idea that wesupposed to there might be a seasonal affective disorder in this city. There is nothing to be studiedbefore related to this topic and that is our goal of the study.GoalTo determine a seasonal affective disorder in the adults of Ulaanbaatar cityMaterials and MethodsIn this study, we examined 560 healthy people between 20-60 aged livings in the Ulaanbaatar cityusing by Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire.ResultGender distribution showed an increased incidence of females (56.1%, 314 cases) compared withmale (43.9%, 246 cases). Distribution by age groups shows that 20-29 years were 237 (42.3%),30-39 years were 99 (17.6%), 40-49 years were 132 (23.5%), and 50-59 years were 92 (16.4%).According to the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, below 8 score was 323 (57.6%), 9-10 score 53 (9.4%), over the 11 score 184 (33%).ConclusionAccording to the questionnaire of Seasonal pattern assessment, 33 percent were seasonal affectivedisorder. It means Mongolian people of Ulaanbaatar have Seasonal affective disorder.