OBJECTIVE To provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and clinical application of Qingwen hufei granules. METHODS Fourteen batches of Qingwen hufei granules were used as samples to establish high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 Edition）. The chromatographic peaks were identified and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis on the 14 batches of samples. Meanwhile， the contents of neochlorogenic acid （NGA）， chlorogenic acid （CHA）， cryptochlorogenic acid （CGA）， forsythoside A （FTA）， 3，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （3，5-O- DA）， 4，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （4，5-O-DA）， and angoroside C （AGC） in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS The methodological investigation results of both the fingerprint and the content determination complied with the relevant requirements. Fourteen common peaks were indicated in the HPLC fingerprints of the 14 batches of samples， and 7 of them were identified [NGA （peak 2）， CHA （peak 3）， CGA （peak 5）， FTA （peak 11）， 3，5-O-DA （peak 12）， 4，5-O-DA （peak 13）， and AGC （peak 14）]； the similarity of each sample was greater than 0.94. The results of CA and PCA showed that the samples could be classified into 3 categories； the results of OPLS-DA indicated that peak 4 （unknown）， peak 11 （FTA）， peak 8 （unknown）， peak 9 （unknown）， and peak 1 （unknown） were the differential components. The content ranges of NGA， CHA， CGA， 3，5-O-DA， FTA， 4，5-O-DA and AGC in the 14 batches of samples were 0.210 4-0.458 7， 0.269 1-0.506 3， 0.228 1-0.461 1， 0.443 9-1.044 6， 0.066 7-0.155 7， 0.062 8-0.143 8， and 0.057 4-0.105 7 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC fingerprint and multi-component content determination methods established in this study are efficient and reliable， and can be used for the quality evaluation of Qingwen hufei granules.

Obesity represents a critical global health challenge characterized by a complex pathogenesis involving dysregulated adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been established as crucial regulators in the initiation and progression of obesity. These RNA molecules, typically exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, have emerged as key modulators of various biological processes through multiple molecular mechanisms. This review innovatively defines lncRNAs as “molecular switches” in energy metabolism—they regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism through key signaling pathways, and exert bidirectional control over obesity via ceRNA mechanisms or recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes in tissues such as adipose and liver. Additionally, circulating lncRNAs, owing to their tissue specificity and stability, hold promise as non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we systematically summarize lncRNA-based intervention strategies, including targeting pathogenic lncRNAs using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or CRISPR/Cas gene editing systems, utilizing viral vectors (such as adeno-associated virus, AAV) to deliver or mimic beneficial lncRNAs in target tissues, and employing exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates obesity and its related complications at multiple levels, offering novel insights for personalized therapeutic approaches. We also critically assess the current challenges in clinical translation, particularly addressing issues related to delivery efficiency, target specificity, and long-term safety concerns. Future research should focus on the following directions: integrating multi-omics with functional screening to elucidate the regulatory networks of lncRNAs in obesity and its complications; leveraging artificial intelligence to construct predictive models of lncRNA-target gene interactions; developing efficient and safein vivo delivery systems, and optimizing drug design to enhance specificity and safety; establishing highly sensitive detection methods and stable circulating lncRNA biomarkers to enable precise patient stratification and real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses; investigating the synergistic effects of lncRNAs with existing treatments (e.g., GLP-1 receptor agonists, lifestyle interventions) to develop combination therapies and establish a multidimensional, personalized precision medicine framework for obesity. This review aims to provide novel perspectives for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity and to establish a solid theoretical foundation for developing lncRNA-targeted precision medicine strategies against obesity and its associated metabolic complications.

Obesity represents a critical global health challenge characterized by a complex pathogenesis involving dysregulated adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been established as crucial regulators in the initiation and progression of obesity. These RNA molecules, typically exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, have emerged as key modulators of various biological processes through multiple molecular mechanisms. This review innovatively defines lncRNAs as “molecular switches” in energy metabolism—they regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism through key signaling pathways, and exert bidirectional control over obesity via ceRNA mechanisms or recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes in tissues such as adipose and liver. Additionally, circulating lncRNAs, owing to their tissue specificity and stability, hold promise as non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we systematically summarize lncRNA-based intervention strategies, including targeting pathogenic lncRNAs using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or CRISPR/Cas gene editing systems, utilizing viral vectors (such as adeno-associated virus, AAV) to deliver or mimic beneficial lncRNAs in target tissues, and employing exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates obesity and its related complications at multiple levels, offering novel insights for personalized therapeutic approaches. We also critically assess the current challenges in clinical translation, particularly addressing issues related to delivery efficiency, target specificity, and long-term safety concerns. Future research should focus on the following directions: integrating multi-omics with functional screening to elucidate the regulatory networks of lncRNAs in obesity and its complications; leveraging artificial intelligence to construct predictive models of lncRNA-target gene interactions; developing efficient and safein vivo delivery systems, and optimizing drug design to enhance specificity and safety; establishing highly sensitive detection methods and stable circulating lncRNA biomarkers to enable precise patient stratification and real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses; investigating the synergistic effects of lncRNAs with existing treatments (e.g., GLP-1 receptor agonists, lifestyle interventions) to develop combination therapies and establish a multidimensional, personalized precision medicine framework for obesity. This review aims to provide novel perspectives for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity and to establish a solid theoretical foundation for developing lncRNA-targeted precision medicine strategies against obesity and its associated metabolic complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 （ZEB1） on the proliferation， migration， and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma H322 cells， as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. MethodsThe gene expression characteristics of the transcription factor ZEB1 in lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed using data from the GEO and TCGA public databases. RT-qPCR and Western blot were employed to measure mRNA and protein expression levels of ZEB1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines （H322， A549， 95-D） and normal human bronchial epithelial cells （BEAS-2B）. Lentiviral transduction was utilized to establish stable ZEB1-overexpressing （Oe-ZEB1） and vector control （Oe-NC） H322 cell lines. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8， colony formation， and EdU assays， while apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst33258/PI double staining. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine cell migration and invasion capabilities. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry， and Western blot was used to analyze protein expression changes in relevant signaling pathways. ResultsThe findings from GEO and TCGA indicated that ZEB1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma varied with tumor malignancy grade. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses revealed significantly higher ZEB1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines compared to BEAS-2B cells （P0.05）. Results from the CCK-8， colony formation， EdU， wound healing， and Transwell assays demonstrated that， compared with the un-transfected control （Control） group， Oe-ZEB1 H322 cells exhibited enhanced proliferation， migration， and invasion capabilities （P0.05）. Hoechst33258/PI double staining and flow cytometry analyses showed that， relative to the Control group， apoptosis was reduced in Oe-ZEB1 H322 cells （P0.05）. Additionally， a decreased proportion of cells in the G₁ phase and an increased proportion in the S phase were observed in Oe-ZEB1 cells， indicating accelerated cell cycle progression. Western blot analysis further revealed that， compared with the Control group， Oe-ZEB1 H322 cells exhibited upregulated expression of N-cadherin， mutant p53 （mutp53）， and Cyclin D1 （P0.05）， while expression levels of E-cadherin， murine double minute 2 （MDM2）， and p21 were downregulated （P0.05）. ConclusionOverexpression of ZEB1 promotes the proliferation， migration， and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma H322 cells and may facilitate cell cycle progression by modulating the MDM2/mutp53/p21 signaling pathway， thereby promoting the transition of cells from the G₀/G₁ phase to the S phase.

Objectives: Korea is one of the fastest-aging societies, and a large proportion of its older population lives alone. This study examined the impact of family interaction frequency on the association between living alone and depressive symptoms among older adults aged ≥80 years using nationally representative survey data. Methods: Among the 229 099 participants of the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey, 15 672 participants aged ≥80 years who either lived with close family or lived alone were included in the analysis. Participants living alone were classified according to the frequency of family interaction, ranging from less than once a month to more than once a week. The outcome variable was moderate to severe depressive symptoms, defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of ≥10. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher among older adults living alone (9.4–14.1%, depending on the frequency of family interaction) than among those living with close family (6.5%). Older adults living alone who interacted with family less than once a month were more likely to report depressive symptoms compared with those living with close family (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 2.15). Weekly family interaction mitigated the impact of living alone on the prevalence of depressive symptoms (aOR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.42). The influence of family interaction on the association between living alone and depressive symptoms remained consistent across subgroups of men, women, and those with difficulty in daily activities. Conclusions Encouraging regular interaction among family members could serve as an effective strategy to protect the mental health of older adults.

Objective To explore the clinical application effects of using non-drainage tube in mediastinal tumor resection via thoracoscopic subxiphoid approach. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent mediastinal tumor resection via thoracoscopic subxiphoid approach at the Fourth People's Hospital of Zigong City from January 2020 to February 2024. Patients were divided into a non-drainage tube group and a drainage tube group, and their perioperative data were compared. Results A total of 149 patients were included, and there were 111 patients of thymoma, 5 patients of teratoma, and 33 patients of cyst. There were 77 patients in the non-drainage tube group, including 40 males and 37 females, aged 28-79 (53.72±13.34) years; there were 72 patients in the drainage tube group, including 33 males and 39 females, aged 26-80 (55.60±11.06) years. The differences in postoperative pain score at 48 hours, maximum postoperative pain score, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative wound complications, and the number of temporary analgesics used after surgery between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of non-drainage tube technology in mediastinal tumor resection through thoracoscopic subxiphoid approach can reduce postoperative pain and the number of temporary analgesics used, as well as decrease the incidence of wound complications.

Objective To understand the current situation of nutrition literacy of primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan District of Beijing, and analyze its influencing factors, and to put forward targeted suggestions for improving the students’ nutrition literacy and promoting their healthy growth. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2480 primary and secondary school students and their parents from 5 primary schools, 3 middle schools and 1 high school in Shijingshan District. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the attainment rate of nutrition literacy. Results The median score of nutrition literacy of 2480 primary and secondary school students from grades 1 to 12 was 77.86 (in hundred-mark system), the quartile range (IQR) was 16.96, and the attainment rate of nutrition literacy was 42.46%. The cognitive level (45.12%) was higher than the skill level (41.20%) among students from grades 3 to 12. In terms of skills, the attainment rate of food preparation was the lowest, at 30.38%. The scores of nutrition literacy of girls were higher than those of boys, and the scores of primary school students were higher than those of secondary school students. Students with different levels of caregiver’s education, family income, and family food environment had different scores of nutrition literacy, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the attainment rate of nutrition literacy was closely related to student’s gender and study stage, caregiver’s education level, and family food environment. Conclusion The nutrition literacy of primary and secondary school students in Shijingshan District still needs to be improved, especially in the aspect of skills. Targeted nutrition education should be carried out.

Background: Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) is commonly used to treat female infertility, but its short half-life necessitates multiple doses. Even corifollitropin alfa, with an extended half-life, requires supplementary injections of rhFSH after 7 days. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) formulation using anti-serum albumin Fab-associated (SAFA) technology to avoid additional injections and enhance ovarian function. Methods: SAFA-FSH was synthesized using a Chinese hamster ovary expression system. Its biological efficacy was confirmed through assays measuring its ability to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, estradiol synthesis, and the expression of human cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (hCYP19α1) and human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (hSTAR) in human ovarian granulosa (KGN) cells. To evaluate the effects of SAFA-FSH, we compared its impact on serum estradiol levels and ovarian weight increase with that of rhFSH in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using the modified Steelman-Pohley test. Results: The results indicated that SAFA-FSH induces cAMP synthesis in KGN cells and upregulates the expression of hCYP19α1 and hSTAR in a dose-dependent manner. Female SD rats, aged 21 days, receiving daily subcutaneous human chorionic gonadotropin injections for 5 days exhibited a significant increase in serum estradiol levels and ovarian weight when administered SAFA-FSH on the first day or when given nine injections of rhFSH over 5 days. Notably, the group receiving SAFA-FSH on the first and third days demonstrated an even greater rise in serum estradiol levels and ovarian weight. Conclusion These findings suggest that SAFA-FSH presents a promising alternative to current rhFSH treatments for female infertility. However, further research is essential to thoroughly assess its safety and efficacy in clinical contexts.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

Background and Objectives: Inconsistencies in nasal nitric oxide (nNO) values, due to anatomical variations and comorbidities, challenge the accurate assessment of upper airway inflammation severity. We hypothesized that changes in nNO levels following treatment for chronic rhinitis would be consistent and provide relative value. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between changes in nNO levels and symptomatic improvements following treatment for chronic rhinitis. Methods: This prospective observational study included 46 participants diagnosed with chronic rhinitis between December 2021 and November 2023. nNO measurements, evaluations of four nasal and two ocular symptoms, and quality of life questionnaires were conducted at baseline and after one month of treatment. Baseline laboratory tests included serum total immunoglobulin E levels, blood eosinophil percentages, and skin prick tests. Results: The Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), TNSS with ocular symptoms (TNSS eye), and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores significantly decreased following treatment (all p<0.001). nNO levels also decreased significantly after treatment (p=0.036). Moreover, changes in nNO were significantly correlated with changes in TNSS, TNSS eye, and RQLQ scores (p=0.047, r=0.294; p=0.021, r=0.340; and p=0.004, r=0.419, respectively). Conclusion In patients with chronic rhinitis, changes in TNSS, TNSS eye, and RQLQ scores were correlated with changes in nNO levels after treatment. nNO may serve as a potential objective evaluation tool for chronic rhinitis, particularly in patients who have difficulty reporting symptoms.