Engaging with the Qur'an, whether through reading or listening, necessitates complex cognitive processing of the written or spoken Arabic language. This activity demands concentration and attention, thereby engaging cognitive functions such as selective attention, Arabic language processing, and auditory perception. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of reading and listening to the Qur'an on hippocampal cognitive function. A literature search was conducted using online databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed/ Medline, and Scopus. The keywords used in the literature search were “cognitive”, “Qur'an”, and “hippocampus”. This approach included six full-length articles. A manual search of the cited references was also used to find additional considerations for the discursive analysis of each topic discussed in this review. As a sacred text, the Qur'an engages both reading and listening skills and involves cognitive processes that impact memory and comprehension. Regular engagement with the Qur'anic text and its recitation can significantly improve brain activity, memory, and cognitive development. Reading and listening are essential skills for language comprehension and communication. When a person reads the Qur'an, he or she engages in visual Arabic language processing, while when listening to its recitation, the person is involved in auditory language processing. These activities stimulate different parts of the brain, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the Qur'an text.

It is difficult to treat malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular diseases. For pathogenesis complexity of these diseases, researchers have focused on finding more drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. As a potential first-in-class drug, RRx−001 is expected to be an important first-line drug in tumor immunology, radiosensitizer and radio protecter. Currently, RRx−001 entered phase Ⅲ clinical trials. The data of the phase Ⅱ clinical trials demonstrated its safety and effectivity as a single agent and in combination with first-line clinical drugs. The novel mechanisms of RRx−001 and the result of main clinical trials were summarized, which could be valuable to further optimization and clinical application.

<b>Objectiveb> To explore risk factors of sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 （SGLT2） inhibitor-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis （euDKA） and to construct a risk prediction model. <b>Methodsb> A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of type 2 diabetes patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors in Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2020 to December 2023, including age, gender and course of diabetes. The risk factors of SGLT2 inhibitor-associated euDKA were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression, and a prediction model was established. According to the receiver's operating characteristic （ROC） curve, the area under the curve （AUC） and the optimal critical value of the prediction model were determined. The prediction model was subjected to both internal and external validation. <b>Resultsb> A total of 119 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with SGLT2 inhibitors were included in this study. Among them, there were 98 cases without euDKA （non-euDKA group）and 21 cases with euDKA （euDKA group）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed the DKA history (OR=114.153), appetite or diet decreased three days before admission (OR=21.774), elevated neutrophil count (OR=2.056) and pre-hospital adjustment of hypoglycemic agents (OR=45.745) were independent factors to increase risks of euDKA associated with SGLT2 inhibitors （P<0.05）. Surgical history before admission was an independent factor to reduce this risk （OR=0.007, P<0.05）. By establishing the calculation formula of the prediction model = neutrophil count+6.571 （DKA history）−6.874 （surgical history before admission）+4.273 （appetite or diet decreased three days before admission）+5.302 （pre-hospital adjustment of hypoglycemic drugs）, the ROC curve was drawn. The AUC of the ROC of the prediction model was 0.982 （95%CI: 0.961-1.000, P<0.001）, with accuracy of 94.96%, sensitivity of 0.905, specificity of 0.959 and a critical value of 7.405. The AUC of ROC curve after the model’s ten-fold cross validation was 0.930. And the accuracy of the external validation of the prediction model was 85.29%. <b>Conclusionb> The DKA history, appetite or diet decreased three days before admission, elevated neutrophil count and pre-hospital adjustment of hypoglycemic agents increased the risk of SGLT2 inhibitor-associated euDKA, while the surgical history before admission reduced this risk. The risk prediction model constructed on this basis could better predict the risk of SGLT2 inhibitor-associated euDKA.

<b>Objectiveb> To study the photodynamic performance and the killing effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds 2-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） acetic acid（<b>D1b>）and 4-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） butanoic acid （<b>D2b>）. <b>Methodsb> The ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of <b>D1 b>and <b>D2 b>were determined. The singlet oxygen generation capacity of <b>D1b> and <b>D2b> was measured by using DPBF as singlet oxygen capture agent. Fluorescence assay was used to detect the cellular phagocytosis rate of the compounds in A549 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect their dark toxicity and phototoxicity. A nude mouse model of lung cancer was established to investigate the antitumor activity of the compounds mediated photodynamic action in vivo, and the blood concentration of <b>D2b> in nude mice, its distribution in tumor tissue and skin tissue were further detected. <b>Resultsb> <b>D1b> and <b>D2b> had strong absorption at 652 nm with the best excitation wavelength at 429 nm and 427 nm, and the optimal emission wavelength was at about 659 nm. They also had a higher singlet oxygen generation rate than the control drug m-THPC. <b>D1 b>and <b>D2b> had no dark toxicity at concentrations below 10 μmol/L, and could be ingested by A549 cells, basically reaching saturation in 18~24 hours. After laser irradiation at 650 nm wavelength, <b>D1b> and <b>D2b> showed significant antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro （P<0.01）. However, <b>D2b> could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues after administration, and the optimal treatment time was less than 30 min after administration. <b>Conclusionb> <b>D2b> had excellent photodynamic antitumor activity and could selectively aggregate in tumor tissues, which had the potential to be a candidate drug for photosensitizer and treatment of lung cancer with independent intellectual property rights, and was worth further research.

Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO), often caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), significantly affects quality of life in aging men. While transurethral resection of the prostate remains a standard surgical treatment, its invasiveness and associated side effects have led to the development of minimally invasive surgical therapies (MIST) as alternatives. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on established and emerging MIST options, including Rezum, iTind, UroLift, CoreTherm, TPLA (transperineal laser ablation), Optilume BPH, and new stent-based, first-line interventional therapies (FITs), such as Zenflow Spring, Butterfly, ProVee System, Urocross, and FloStent. These therapies aim to relieve lower urinary tract symptoms with fewer complications, reduced recovery time, and better preservation of sexual function. Each technique varies in mechanism-thermal, mechanical, or pharmacological-and is suited to specific prostate anatomies and patient profiles. Clinical data support their efficacy in improving International Prostate Symptom Score, peak urinary flow rate, and quality of life scores, with durability ranging from one to five years depending on the modality. Adverse events are generally mild and transient, while rates of ejaculatory and erectile dysfunction remain low across most interventions. FITs offer potential for temporary or long-term decompression with minimal procedural requirements. Overall, MIST broaden the therapeutic landscape for men with symptomatic BPO, particularly those who are unfit or unwilling to undergo conventional surgery. As the field evolves, these interventions contribute to a more personalized, functionpreserving approach in BPH management.

<b>Objectiveb> To explore the efficacy and safety of oral solution of magnesium sodium potassium sulfate in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. <b>Methodsb> Patients who planned to undergo colonoscopy at the digestive department of the Ninth People’s Hospital, affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2023 to August 2023 were selected and eligible subjects were divided into two groups: Group A took polyethylene glycol （PEG） and Group B took oral solution of magnesium sodium potassium sulfate （OSS）. The quality, drug tolerance, and safety of intestinal preparation were evaluated. The quality of bowel preparation was evaluated by the boston bowel preparation scale （BBPS）. <b>Resultsb> The right colon BBPS score of Group B was (2.39±0.82) points, which was significantly higher than of Group A (2.11±0.43) points （P<0.05）. The overall score of Group B was higher than that of Group A （P<0.05）. OSS was easier to take than PEG, with a good taste and overall sensation. Patients were willing to use OSS to clean their bowels even when they were willing to undergo another examination （P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in nausea and vomiting symptoms between the two groups （P<0.05）, and there were no significant changes in renal function and electrolytes before and after medication in the two groups of patients. <b>Conclusionb> OSS had a higher quality of bowel cleaning and was easier for patients to accept.

<b>Objectiveb> To analyze the problems in the operation and management of drug clinical trials and put forward targeted suggestion. <b>Methodsb> An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among medical staff in about 80 hospitals in the yangtze river delta region. <b>Resultsb> 606 valid questionnaires were received. 71% of the respondents expressed their willingness to study and participate in drug clinical trials. There were significant differences in the cognitive demands, willingness and motivation of the respondents with different occupations and educational backgrounds about the drug clinical trial work （P<0.05）. During the operation of drug clinical trials, respondents reported the main factors affecting the quality of clinical trials which including good clinical practice (GCP) awareness and subjective enthusiasm of investigators （response rate 27%）, job stability of supervisors and research coordinators （27%）, compliance of subjects （45%）, quality control of the whole process of the circulation of test drugs, medical devices and biological samples （52%）, and the informatization level of clinical trial institutions （30%）. <b>Conclusionb> Hospitals, institutions and project teams could take measures to cultivate and stabilize the drug clinical trial talent team, improve the quality management system of drug clinical trials, improve work efficiency, and promote the high-quality development of drug clinical trials in medical institutions.

Introduction: The occurrence of rotator cuff tendinopathy, which is invariably symptomatic, increases as populations age, being largely observed among patients with diabetes. The objective of the present study is to find out the occurrence of rotator cuff tendinopathy in elderly diabetic patients who were asymptomatic, composed of healthy individuals and those with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The participants in this study included 87 elderly diabetic patients and 56 controls (mean age: 69.3±4.9 and 71.8±3.6, respectively), who were asymptomatic from shoulder. All patients, including, underwent shoulder MRI examination using 1.5 tesla MRI. Results: We recorded greater tendons thickness in the diabetic patients as compared with the controls (supraspinatus tendon: 6.6±0.7mm vs 5.3±0.8mm, p<0.001; biceps tendon: 3.9±0.7mm vs 3.1±0.8mm, p<0.002). Moreover, higher incidence of supraspinatus tendon tear was noted in diabetics as compared to biceps tendon (major tears: 32 (36.7%) vs 6 (10.7%), p=0.052; minor tears: 51 (58.6%) vs 11 (19.6%), p=0.032). Conclusions: The present study suggests that age-related rotator cuff tendinopathy is more prevalent among patients with diabetes. Therefore, MRI is an investigation of choice for early detection i.e., at pre-symptomatic stages of rotator cuff tendinopathy, as the patients may develop symptoms later. Keywords: asymptomatic

[摘 要] 成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统及相关蛋白9（CRISPR-Cas9）作为高效、特异的基因编辑工具，已在人类疾病，尤其是肿瘤治疗领域被广泛研究。本文系统梳理CRISPR-Cas9的特点、机制与优势，重点分析该技术在肿瘤治疗靶点筛选中的新突破与前沿应用，阐明CRISPR-Cas9在肿瘤生物治疗靶点筛选技术中的核心地位。同时，直面CRISPR-Cas9技术筛选靶点在当前临床研究中面临的诸多挑战，深入探讨其局限性和关键瓶颈问题，展望其优化策略和未来发展趋势。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨核仁小RNA（snoRNA）71A通过TLR3/PD-L1通路对食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。方法：qPCR检测52例ESCC患者的配对肿瘤组织、癌旁组织，以及人ESCC细胞中SNORA71A的表达情况。将反义寡核苷酸（SNORA71A-ASO-29、SNORA71A-ASO-102和NC-ASO）或小干扰RNA（siTLR3、siTLR3-NC）分别转染至人ESCC TE-1细胞，分别记为SNORA71A-ASO1组、SNORA71A-ASO2组、NC-ASO组及siTLR3组、siNC组。另外将过表达质粒pcDNA3.1-SNORA71A和pcDNA3.1空载体质粒分别转染至TE-1细胞，分别记为SNORA71A组和Vector组。细胞功能学实验（MTS实验、划痕愈合实验，以及Transwell侵袭实验）评估各组细胞在敲低或过表达SNORA71A后增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的变化。高通量转录组测序筛选SNORA71A下游作用靶基因，基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）功能富集分析预测SNORA71A下游作用靶基因可能参与的生物学过程和信号通路。qPCR检测测序筛选出的下游作用靶基因TLR3在ESCC组织以及细胞中的表达。同时，qPCR和WB检测TE-1细胞在敲低或过表达TLR3后PD-L1 mRNA和蛋白质表达变化。细胞功能学实验检测TLR3敲低对SNORA71A所促进的TE-1细胞恶性生物行为（增殖、迁移、侵袭）的影响。结果：在52例ESCC患者的肿瘤组织以及ESCC细胞中SNORA71A表达均呈高水平（P < 0.01或P < 0.05）。敲低SNORA71A抑制TE-1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭（P < 0.01或P < 0.05），过表达SNORA71A则促进TE-1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭（P < 0.01或P < 0.05）。高通量转录组测序筛选到TLR3为SNORA71A下游作用靶基因。TLR3在ESCC组织以及TE-1细胞中呈低表达（P < 0.01或P < 0.05）。TLR3正向调控PD-L1 mRNA和蛋白质表达（P < 0.01或P < 0.05）。细胞功能学实验中，TLR3可以部分削弱SNORA71A对PD-L1表达的调控（P < 0.01）。结论：SNORA71A通过调控TLR3/PD-L1通路调节TE-1细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。