Background::Early body composition changes, associated with physical inactivity and disease advancement are devastating for patient-related outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus warranting a detailed analysis of body composition beyond conventional measures.Methods::The study included 40 subjects diagnosed with CKD; recruited between January to May 2021. Body composition was measured using the multifrequency analyzer, InBody 770. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess physical activity. Suitable statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.Results::The mean age of the subjects was 58.68 ± 12.24 years. Sarcopenic obesity was prevalent in 62.5% of the subjects. Body mass index under identified obesity by 15% compared to percent body fat, especially in subjects with low muscle mass. The decline in a unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly correlated with a decrease in weight ( p = 0.02), body fat mass ( p = 0.05), visceral fat area ( p = 0.05), and phase angle ( p = 0.01) with marginal changes in waist–hip ratio and extracellular water/total body water. The effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass was homogeneous between low and moderate levels, but significantly different from high activity level. Conclusion::Changes in fat and fluid compartment were associated with eGFR decline, whereas higher physical activity positively affected body composition.

Background::Pancreatitis patients are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to impaired digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The degree of malnutrition is dependent on the duration, viz. acute or chronic. Studies on nutritional status in patients with pancreatitis are limited. Prevalence of nutritional status, physical functioning, and muscle strength among the subjects are scarce globally. The main aim of this study was to screen the status of malnutrition using appropriate screening tools and to assess hand muscle strength among subjects.Method::A cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 subjects (18–80 years old, 59 males and 5 females) in Mysore city, Karnataka. The patients were screened for malnutrition using a standard tool Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and handgrip strength on both dominant and nondominant hands.Results::The majority of patients ( n = 44) were categorized as moderately malnourished/suspected malnutrition (Stage B) according to PG-SGA. A significant difference ( p < 0.005) in handgrip strength was seen in men aged 31–40 ( t = ?3.287) and 41–50 ( t = ?5.487) years compared to healthy adults. Conclusion::This study was able to identify patients at risk of malnutrition when the PG-SGA tool was used along with handgrip strength and other anthropometric parameters.

Background::Early body composition changes, associated with physical inactivity and disease advancement are devastating for patient-related outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus warranting a detailed analysis of body composition beyond conventional measures.Methods::The study included 40 subjects diagnosed with CKD; recruited between January to May 2021. Body composition was measured using the multifrequency analyzer, InBody 770. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was used to assess physical activity. Suitable statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.Results::The mean age of the subjects was 58.68 ± 12.24 years. Sarcopenic obesity was prevalent in 62.5% of the subjects. Body mass index under identified obesity by 15% compared to percent body fat, especially in subjects with low muscle mass. The decline in a unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly correlated with a decrease in weight ( p = 0.02), body fat mass ( p = 0.05), visceral fat area ( p = 0.05), and phase angle ( p = 0.01) with marginal changes in waist–hip ratio and extracellular water/total body water. The effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass was homogeneous between low and moderate levels, but significantly different from high activity level. Conclusion::Changes in fat and fluid compartment were associated with eGFR decline, whereas higher physical activity positively affected body composition.

Background::Pancreatitis patients are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to impaired digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The degree of malnutrition is dependent on the duration, viz. acute or chronic. Studies on nutritional status in patients with pancreatitis are limited. Prevalence of nutritional status, physical functioning, and muscle strength among the subjects are scarce globally. The main aim of this study was to screen the status of malnutrition using appropriate screening tools and to assess hand muscle strength among subjects.Method::A cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 subjects (18–80 years old, 59 males and 5 females) in Mysore city, Karnataka. The patients were screened for malnutrition using a standard tool Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and handgrip strength on both dominant and nondominant hands.Results::The majority of patients ( n = 44) were categorized as moderately malnourished/suspected malnutrition (Stage B) according to PG-SGA. A significant difference ( p < 0.005) in handgrip strength was seen in men aged 31–40 ( t = ?3.287) and 41–50 ( t = ?5.487) years compared to healthy adults. Conclusion::This study was able to identify patients at risk of malnutrition when the PG-SGA tool was used along with handgrip strength and other anthropometric parameters.

Introduction: One of the greatest risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is hypercholesterolemia. Moringa oleifera is a good source of phytochemicals and is well explored for its antioxidant properties. Methods: The main aim of the present study was to assess the potential cholesterol lowering effect of Moringa oleifera leaf polyphenols (MOP) in an animal model. Five groups of male Wister rats were fed for 45 days as follows: a standard diet (GI); high fat-cholesterol diet (GII); high fat-cholesterol with MOP (100 and 200mg/kg body wt GIII & GIV respectively); and high fat-cholesterol with statins (Atorvastatin) (G-V). Results: Administration of MOP rich extract (GII and GIV) significantly (p=0.05) lowered the serum cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A significant (p=0.05) decrease in the activity of the HMG CoA reductase enzyme was observed in GIII, GIV and GV but not in GI & GII. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the polyphenol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves has a significant cholesterol lowering effect through inhibiting HMG CoA reductase activity and faecal bile acid binding.

The incidence of diabetes has reached alarming levels worldwide, and there is a high risk of developing associated disorders in diabetic subjects. An effective approach to combat type 2 diabetes is through dietary management. Methods:A functional food was formulated, namely "Nutricare DM" (N-DM), its nutritionally important starch fractions were determined (in-vitro), and its glucose lowering effect was studied by supplementing 50 g carbohydrate portion of the test food for a period of 4 months in type 2 diabetic subjects. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were recruited based on willingness to participate. Anthropometric measurements, blood glucose levels, lipid profile and hepatic enzyme levels were studied before and after the study period. Results: The addition of functional ingredients, namely oats, barley, and rice bran as fibre sources positively influenced the Starch Digestibility Index (SDI). The SDI of Nutricare DM chapathi (13±1.01) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control chapathi ((20±1.00). Supplementation of Nutricare DM for 3 months decreased glycated haemoglobin (HbA,C) from 7.1+1.38 to 6.1 ± 0.95, while a gradual and consistent decrease in fasting blood glucose from 129 mg/dl to 99 mg/dl was observed. A significant decrease in the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (from 47.69+ 7.84 to 36.06+4.351U/I) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(from 61.07+16.46 to 34.20+8.95 IU/I) indicated a protective effect of the nutritional intervention against liver damage. Conclusion: Results suggest that long term supplementation would be beneficial in modulating the glycaemic responses and hence serve as an effective dietary management.

Introduction: The incidence of diabetes has reached alarming levels worldwide, and there is a high risk of developing associated disorders in diabetic subjects. An effective approach to combat type 2 diabetes is through dietary management. Methods:A functional food was formulated, namely "Nutricare DM" (N-DM), its nutritionally important starch fractions were determined (in-vitro), and its glucose lowering effect was studied by supplementing 50 g carbohydrate portion of the test food for a period of 4 months in type 2 diabetic subjects. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were recruited based on willingness to participate. Anthropometric measurements, blood glucose levels, lipid profile and hepatic enzyme levels were studied before and after the study period. Results: The addition of functional ingredients, namely oats, barley, and rice bran as fibre sources positively influenced the Starch Digestibility Index (SDI). The SDI of Nutricare DM chapathi (13±1.01) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control chapathi ((20±1.00). Supplementation of Nutricare DM for 3 months decreased glycated haemoglobin (HbA,C) from 7.1+1.38 to 6.1 ± 0.95, while a gradual and consistent decrease in fasting blood glucose from 129 mg/dl to 99 mg/dl was observed. A significant decrease in the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (from 47.69+ 7.84 to 36.06+4.351U/I) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(from 61.07+16.46 to 34.20+8.95 IU/I) indicated a protective effect of the nutritional intervention against liver damage. Conclusion: Results suggest that long term supplementation would be beneficial in modulating the glycaemic responses and hence serve as an effective dietary management.

The usage of Swietenia mahagoni, a popular medicinal plant in India and some African countries, dates back to ancient times for its curative properties in diseases like malaria, diabetes, and diarrhea. It is also used as an anti-pyretic, bitter tonic and astringent. Its pharmacological activities are being widely explored. Although many important groups of phytochemicals have been identified and isolated from various parts of the plant, most of these researches have been focused on seeds. Toxicological studies have established the safety of many of these plant extracts, and found insignificant side effects. Here we present a comprehensive review of all the pharmacological effects and constituent phytochemicals of the plant.
Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Meliaceae ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry

The usage of Swietenia mahagoni, a popular medicinal plant in India and some African countries, dates back to ancient times for its curative properties in diseases like malaria, diabetes, and diarrhea. It is also used as an anti-pyretic, bitter tonic and astringent. Its pharmacological activities are being widely explored. Although many important groups of phytochemicals have been identified and isolated from various parts of the plant, most of these researches have been focused on seeds. Toxicological studies have established the safety of many of these plant extracts, and found insignificant side effects. Here we present a comprehensive review of all the pharmacological effects and constituent phytochemicals of the plant.