Introduction: Noise pollution is an important environmental factor that can adversely affect human health and quality of life. Exposure to excessive or prolonged noise is associated not only with hearing impairment but also with sleep disturbance, psychological stress, cognitive dysfunction, and cardiovascular health risks. Goal: The aim of this review was to examine the effects of noise pollution on human health, with particular attention to the short- and long-term consequences of noise exposure and its physiological, psychological, cognitive, and cardiovascular effects. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature was conducted using the references included in the present study. Published research addressing environmental and transportation noise, noise exposure, sleep disturbance, stress-related responses, cognitive function, cardiovascular health, mental health, and related outcomes was reviewed and synthesized. The reviewed evidence was considered according to exposure duration, intensity, and reported health effects. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that short-term exposure to high-intensity noise may cause annoyance, fatigue, reduced concentration, sleep disturbance, and temporary physiological and psychological responses. Prolonged and repeated exposure may increase the risk of sleep disorders, psychological stress, cardiovascular disease, hearing impairment, and cognitive dysfunction. Environmental noise may also affect children’s language, reading, and comprehension abilities. Transportation noise has been associated with cardiovascular and immune-system responses, while anthropogenic noise can affect communication and behavior in various animal species. Conclusion Noise pollution should be considered a significant environmental health risk extending beyond hearing damage. Reducing exposure to excessive environmental noise and implementing appropriate noise-control measures are important for protecting human health, improving quality of life, and supporting ecological well-being.

Introduction: The treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has become a pressing problem for humanity worldwide, and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are likely to be the leading cause of death by 2050.Due to the mutation of infectious disease-causing bacteria and the emergence of bacterial resistance due to the improper use of antibiotics, the time and cost of infectious disease treatment increases, and in some cases, it leads to an increase in mortality, so it is the focus of the health sector in every country, regardless of the income level of the population. In addition, bacterial resistance has a negative impact on public health, food safety, the environment, and the economy.
As of 2015, Mongolia ranks among the countries with the highest consumption of antibiotics in the world, with 64.41 units of antibiotics prescribed per 1,000 people per day. Bacteria resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics have increased dramatically, and among Gram-positive bacteria, drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the most common and dangerous cause Purpose: Determine the external structure of liposome-encapsulated antibiotics and evaluate their antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study using an experimental research design. Phospholipids were isolated by intermittent evaporation, antibiotic encapsulation by freeze-thaw method, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using standard strains by disc diffusion andmicro dilution method. Research ethics: Permission to submit the survey was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the MNUMS. The survey was granted in accordance with the rules and regulations. Results: In liposome-encapsulated antibiotic sensitivity assays, azithromycin and clarithromycin did not form sacred circles, whereas doxycycline hyclate was sensitive by forming a 16 mm circle. Doxycycline hyclate encapsulated in liposomes formed a 16 mm circle with sensitive results, whereas blank liposomes were inactive. When the rabbits were infected with a standard strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the infected area was purulent 24 hours later. A cream containing antibiotics was started at this time. A deep wound was recovered after 12 days after the pus was removed. Nevertheless, after 24 days, the wound on the rabbit’s infected part healed and the hair on the scraped part grew back. Conclusion According to the dilution method, liposome-encapsulated doxycycline hyclate inhibited bacterial growth at 2-fold lower doses than pure doxycycline hyclate. In experimental animal models, liposome-based antibiotic ointment has shown antibacterial activity.

Abstract. This article refers to the management of adults with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) of all ages in the community or in hospital. Details of general investigations for patients managed in the community and for patients admitted to hospital, treatment in community, hospitals and in intensive care unit, follow up planning, empirical antibiotic choice, duration of antibiotic administration, failure to improve, the level of evidence of recommendations are given in the text and are summarized in figures and tables. Severity assessment is recommended as the key to planning appropriate management both in the community and in hospital. Certain adverse prognostic features have been associated with an increased risk of death and should be assessed in all patients. Patients who have two or more “core” adverse prognostic features are at high risk of death and should be managed as having severe pneumonia. Patients who display no adverse prognostic features can be managed as having non-severe pneumonia and may be suitable for outpatient treatment or early hospital discharge.