Objective To investigate the impact of red blood cell suspension infusion across various perioperative periods on patients with valvular heart disease. Methods The patients with valvular heart disease admitted to Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were selected. Based on the timing of perioperative red cell suspension infusion, patients were categorized into three groups: a group 1 receiving intraoperative red cell suspension infusion, a group 2 receiving red cell suspension infusion within 24 hours after entering the ICU, and a group 3 receiving red cell suspension infusion at both time points. The laboratory results, perioperative blood component infusion volume, and other relevant parameters were retrospectively analyzed. After propensity score matching, the differences in different variables among the three groups were compared. Results After propensity score matching, 102 patients were enrolled, including 52 males and 50 females, with an average age of (61.74±10.58) years. There were 34 patients in each group. The preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) value of the group 2 was significantly higher than that of the group 1 and the group 3, and the amount of red cell suspension and autoblood transfusion was the lowest (P<0.05). Group 1 had the highest postoperative Hb, as well as the highest Hb and hematocrit (HCT) levels within 24 hours post-surgery (P<0.05). The group 1 had the lowest plasma, platelet and cryoprecipitate infusion volumes, and the shortest cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic occlusion time, postoperative ICU stay and hospital stay, and the least blood loss and total drainage volume (P<0.05). The difference between postoperative and preoperative Hb (△Hb1) was highest in group 1 (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with valvular heart disease, intraoperative-only infusion of red blood cell suspension is associated with a better prognosis at discharge and during follow-up.

This study explored the drying kinetics of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(SM), established the suitable models simulating the drying kinetics, and then analyzed the dynamic changes of active components during the drying processes with different methods, aiming to provide a basis for the establishment of suitable drying methods and the quality control of SM. The drying kinetics were studied based on the drying curve, drying rate, moisture effective diffusion coefficient, and drying activation energy, and the appropriate drying kinetics model of SM was established. The drying performance of different methods, such as hot air drying, infrared drying, and microwave drying of SM was evaluated, and the changes in the content of 10 salvianolic acids and 6 tanshinones during drying were analyzed by UPLC-TQ-MS. The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) was employed to evaluate the quality of SM dried with different methods. The results showed that the drying rate and moisture effective diffusion coefficient of SM increased with the rise in drying temperature, and the maximum drying rates of different methods were in the order of microwave drying > infrared drying > hot air drying, slice > whole root. The drying rate decreased with the rise in temperature and the extension of drying time. The activation energy of hot air drying was higher than that of infrared drying in SM. The most suitable model for simulating the drying process of SM was the Page model. The TOPSIS results suggested infrared drying at 50 ℃ was the optimal drying method for SM. During the drying process, the content of salvianolic acids increased in different degrees with the loss of moisture, among which salvianolic acid B showed the largest increase of 44 times compared with that in the fresh medicinal material. Tanshinones also existed in the fresh herb of SM, and the content of tanshinone Ⅱ_A increased by 3 times after drying. The results provided a basis for the establishment of suitable drying methods and the quality control of SM.
Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry* ; Desiccation/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Kinetics ; Quality Control ; Abietanes

This study aimed to compare the ameliorative effects of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios on retinal damage in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A retinal injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of sodium iodate(NaIO_3) solution. The mice were divided into the following groups: blank group, model group, positive drug(AREDS 2) group, low-and high-dose groups of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at 1∶1, low-and high-dose groups at 3∶1, and low-and high-dose groups at 1∶3. Administration was carried out 15 days after modeling. The visual acuity of the mice was assessed using the black-and-white box test. The fundus was observed using an optical coherence tomography device, and retinal thickness was measured. HE staining was used to observe the morphology and pathological changes of the retina. The levels of oxidative factors in serum and ocular tissues were measured using assay kits. The levels of inflammatory factors in serum and ocular tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NF-κB proteins in ocular tissues was analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that after administration of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios, the model group showed improved retinal thinning and disordered arrangement of retinal layers, elevated content of SOD and GSH in the serum and ocular tissues, and reduced levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at 1∶1 and 1∶3 showed better improvement effects. The combination significantly upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulated the expression of NF-κB p65. These results indicate that Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos at different ratios can improve retinal damage, reduce oxidative stress, and alleviate inflammation in both the body and ocular tissues of mice. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in ocular tissues. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Lycii Fructus and Chrysanthemi Flos in the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration.
Animals ; Mice ; Retina/injuries* ; Male ; Lycium/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Chrysanthemum/chemistry* ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Humans ; Retinal Diseases/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the mid-term clinical efficacy of the direct anterior approach for window decompression and bone grafting surgery in the treatment of early to mid-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients (40 hips) diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), classified as types L1 and L2 according to the China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CJFH) classification system, and at stagesⅡ, ⅢA, and ⅢB based on the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging system. All patients underwent head-neck junction fenestration decompression and bone grafting via the direct anterior approach between January 2015 and May 2022, with complete follow-up data available for a minimum of three years. The ages of the patients ranged from 35 to 69 years old, with a mean of (49.13±6.14 ) years old;their body mass index (BMI) ranged from 20.02 to 27.94 kg·m^-2, with a mean of (23.65±1.69) kg·m^-1;the duration of the disease ranged from 13 to 36 months, with a mean of (24.55±4.14) months. Preoperative and 3-year postoperative X-ray parameters were collected, including the anterior preserved angle(APA), lateral preserved angle (LPA), and combined preserved angle (CPA). Additionally, hip joint disability and osteoarthritis outcome scores (HOOS) and Harris hip scores (HHS) were recorded. RESULTS: Forty patients were followed up for a period ranging from 36 to 59 months, with a mean duration of (47.18±6.18) months. At 3 years postoperative, none of the patients underwent hip replacement surgery. The APA (73.15±19.35)°, LPA (75.35 ±21.48)°, and CPA (136.25±26.78)° at the 3-year postoperative significantly improved compared to preoperative measurements (61.93±20.54)°, (59.46±22.67)°, and (116.58±32.47)°, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The HOOS (20.37±1.39) and HHS (89.74±3.28) scores at the 3-year postoperative were significantly improved from preoperative scores (12.36±1.58) and (50.27±6.15), respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The direct anterior approach for window decompression and bone grafting surgery can relieve joint pain, improve joint function, and enhance X-ray preserved angles, effectively preventing femoral head collapse, making it an effective surgical method for treating ONFH classified as L1, L2 according to CJFH and stagesⅡ, ⅢA, ⅢB according to ARCO.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Decompression, Surgical/methods* ; Bone Transplantation ; Femur Head Necrosis/surgery* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the coagulation effect of a cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)jet device with helium as the working gas and to study its coagulation mechanism preliminarily.Methods A CAP jet device treatment group,a helium airflow treatment group,a hot air treatment group(60℃)and a natural coagulation group were formed according to the treatment modes of the blood samples,with 10 μL of blood samples involved in each group,in order to validate the coagulation effect of the CAP jet device in vitro;the coagulation mechanism of the CAP jet device was explored by its application to the treatment of anticoagulated whole blood,platelet-rich plasma and platelet-depleted plasma;the coagulation effect of the CAP jet device in vivo was verified with a mouse liver punctate hemorrhage model and a rabbit mesenteric hemorrhage model.Results The CAP jet device can significantly accelerate the coagulation of anticoagulated blood droplets,and the coagulation time of anticoagulated blood droplets in the CAP jet device-treated group was shortened from 28 min in the natural coagulation group to(23±1.56)s,with the difference statistically significant(P<0.05),and the CAP jet device treatment group gained advantages significantly over the helium airflow treatment group(P<0.05)and the hot air(60℃)treatment group(P<0.05)in coagulation-promoting effect;the procoagulant effect of the CAP jet device rose with the increase of platelet content in blood droplets,and the coagulation effect of platelet-rich blood droplets was significantly better than that of whole blood(P<0.05),while no coagulation was observed in platelet-poor droplets.The CAP jet device could rapidly stop hemostasis of punctate hemorrhage in mouse liver and mesenteric hemorrhage in rabbits without delayed hemorrhage occurring within 10 min,and no obvious structural abnormality of the liver and thermal damage of the tissue were found microscopically.Conclusion The CAP jet device plays procoagulant and hemostatic effects in vivo and in vitro,and its effect is not dependent on temperature and airflow evaporation effects and is considered to be related to platelet activation,with low thermal damage to living tissue.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):20-27]

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of six types of tea(green tea,cyan tea,red tea,white tea,black tea and yellow tea)on metabolic disorders in obesity mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD).Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 8 groups with 7 mice per group.An HFD-induced obese mouse model was established,and the mice in control group maintained on standard diet followed by intragastric administration of different teas for 5 weeks.The body weight,liver weight ratio,fasting blood glucose,and lipid profile of the mice were measured to assess glucose and lipid metabolism.Serum inflammatory factors including IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and oxidative stress markers[malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured.Additionally,liver histopathology and the expression of key glycolipid metabolism-related genes,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT-1),were analyzed to explore underlying mechanisms.Results Cyan tea significantly suppressed weight gain,demonstrating superior weight control.White tea markedly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and decreased the area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)and insulin tolerance test(ITT),indicating synergistic improvements in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.Yellow tea exhibited exceptional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,reducing hepatic IL-6 and MDA while enhancing SOD activity.Green tea activated the lipid oxidation pathway by upregulating AMPK/CPT-1 expression.All kinds of tea significantly attenuated hepatic lipid droplet accumulation.Conclusion All six types of tea alleviated metabolic disorders by reducing hepatic fat content in obesity mice.However,different types of tea exert their unique effects on improving metabolic disorders through differential mechanisms such as glucose metabolism regulation,lipid oxidation,and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Prohibitin 2(PHB2)in the kidney tissue of patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease(DKD).Methods:From March 2015 to May 2024,samples were collected from 16 patients diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy through renal biopsy,who met the inclusion criteria(referred to as the DKD group).Additionally,20 patients with renal tumors undergoing nephrectomy,who had partially normal kidney tissue,were selected to serve as the control group(NC group).The pathological changes of the two groups of samples were evaluated by HE and PAS staining.Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze the differences in PHB2 protein expression between the two groups.Pearson or Spearman correlation methods were applied for statistical analysis.Results:PHB2 was expressed in renal tubules,and its expression level in the diabetic kidney disease(DKD)group was significantly lower than that in the normal control(NC)group(P＜0.05).Additionally,the expression level of PHB2 in diabetic nephropathy was found to be negatively correlated with glycated hemoglobin,serum creatinine,cystatin C,and blood urea nitrogen(P＜0.05).In contrast,there was a positive correlation between PHB2 expression and the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)(P＜0.05).Therefore,PHB2 expression serves as a negative correlation factor for serum creatinine,cystatin C,and blood urea nitrogen,while being a positive correlation factor for eGFR.Conclusions:In patients with diabetic nephropathy,the expression of PHB2 in renal tissue significantly decreases.This reduction in PHB2 levels closely correlates with glucose metabolism and renal function.Low levels of PHB2 may worsen glucose metabolism disorders,renal function damage,and proteinuria.Therefore,PHB2 serves as a potential biomarker for assessing prognosis and offers new insights into the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the application effect of three-dimensional CT-assisted pedicle measurement in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP).Methods A total of 80 osteoporotic patients with L1 vertebral compression fracture who were treated in People's Hospital of Qujiang District in Shaoguan from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects.Three-dimensional CT-assisted pedicle measurement was performed before surgery,including L1 axial effective angle,axial effective pedicle transverse,oblique sagittal effective angle,oblique sagittal effective longitudinal diameter,and pedicle transverse diameter,and their differences between different genders were analyzed.Four patients with an effective pedicle diameter of less than 3 mm were included into the bilateral group,and the rest of the patients were divided into the unilateral group(received unilateral-approach PVP)and the bilateral group(received bilateral-approach PVP)according to the random number table method.The perioperative conditions of patients in the two groups were collected.The follow-up was performed for six months after surgery,and the visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI)score of patients between the two groups were compared before surgery,1 month after surgery and 6 months after surgery.X-ray examinations were performed before and after surgery to evaluate the recovery of Cobb angle and cement leakage.Results No significant difference was observed in axial universal effective angle or universal oblique sagittal effective angles between genders(P>0.05).The male patients showed greater axial lateral effective angle,axial lateral effective pedicle transverse,axial universal effective pedicle transverse,lateral oblique sagittal effective angle,lateral oblique sagittal effective longitudinal diameter,universal oblique sagittal effective longitudinal diameter,and pedicle transverse as compared to female patients,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The intraoperative fluoroscopy times and bone cement injection volume of patients in the unilateral group were less/lower than those in the bilateral group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the operation time of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).During the follow-up period,3 patients were lost to follow-up in the unilateral group and 4 patients in the bilateral group.One patient in the unilateral group had cement leakage.There were no significant differences in the VAS scores,ODI scores before surgery and 1 month after surgery or Cobb angles before and after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The VAS and ODI scores of patients in the unilateral group 6 months after surgery were significantly higher than those in the bilateral group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,three-dimensional CT-assisted pedicle measurement before PVP can help to achieve accurate puncture,and improve the safety and effectiveness of the surgery.

Objective To observe the expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor 1(NOD1)and its mediated RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins in cerebral cortex of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI);To explore the possible mechanism of eye acupuncture alleviating CIRI.Methods SPF-grade male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group(12 rats),sham-operation group(12 rats)and modeling group(36 rats).A CIRI model was established by improved suture method.The rats in the modeling group were randomly divided into the model group,eyeacupuncture group,outside the acupoint area group,with 12 rats in each group.Neurological deficits in rats were evaluated by Longa score,TTC staining was used to observe the cerebral infarction,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of ischemic brain tissue,electron microscopy was used to observe the formation of autophagosome in ischemic brain tissue,RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of NOD1,receptor interacting protein 2(RIP2),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 in ischemic cerebral cortex,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of NOD1,RIP2,NF-κB p65 and autophagy related proteins in ischemic cerebral cortex.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the neurological deficit score of rats in the model group significantly increased(P<0.01),the infarct volume significantly increased(P<0.01),the typical cribriform infarct foci and multiple autophagosomes appeared in the ischemic brain tissue,the mRNA expressions of NOD1,RIP2 and NF-κB p65 in ischemic cerebral cortex significantly increased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of NOD1,RIP2,p-NF-κB p65,Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and ATG5 significantly increased(P<0.01),and the protein expression of p62 significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the neurological deficit score in eye acupuncture group significantly decreased(P<0.01),the cerebral infarction volume significantly decreased(P<0.01),the area of cribriform reticular infarct and the number of autophagosomes in ischemic brain tissue significantly decreased,the mRNA expressions of NOD1,RIP2 and NF-κB p65 in ischemic cerebral cortex significantly decreased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of NOD1,RIP2,p-NF-κB p65,Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ and ATG5 significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the protein expression of p62 significantly increased(P<0.01).There was no statistical significance compared with outside the acupoint area group.Conclusion Eye acupuncture can attenuat the injury of neurons in CIRI rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by NOD1,thereby reducing autophagy of neurons.

Objective To explore the differences in therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanism of different routes of administration of fullerene nanoparticles in the treatment of radiation retinopathy.Methods Eight-week-old adult male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group(Control),irradiation group(X-Ray),irradiation+vitreous cavity administration group[X+F(IVT)],irradiation+ocular surface administration group[X+F(OS)],and irradiation+intravenous administration group[X+F(IV)],with 5 rats in each group.The blank group was not treated,the irradiation groups exposed to X-ray irradiation to establish the model,and fullerenol nanoparticles were given to the treatment groups through different routes after irradiation.At 7,14,and 28 d after modeling,body weight and fundus changes were measured to evaluate drug safety,retinal optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to observe the change in retinal tissue structure,and electroretinography(ERG)was applied for oscillatory potentials(OPs)to evaluate visual function.CD31 immunofluorescence staining was carried out to evaluate retinal endothelial vascular status,and in vivo imaging was utilized to evaluate the accumulation of fullerenol nanoparticles in the eyes.Results The growth curves of body weight demonstrated that fullerenol nanoparticles did not affect the growth and development of rats,with no statistical difference between the treatment groups and the control group.Irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in visual function,decreased amplitudes of a-wave and b-wave,and declined OPs(P<0.01),and significantly increased thicknesses of the ganglion cell layer(GCL)and the inner nuclear layer(INL)in the retinas,as evidenced by OCT(P<0.01),along with a notably absent presence of CD31-positive cells(P<0.01).Notably,the X+F(IVT)group obtained significantly improved visual function after intravitreal administration,effectively maintained thickness of the GCL and INL,and prevention against the loss of CD31-positive cells(P<0.01).However,no such effective results were observed in the irradiated groups receiving intravenous either ocular surface administration.In vivo imaging revealed that intravitreal administration maintained high ocular accumulation of fullerene for 96 h,while ocular surface administration sustained these concentrations for only 12 h.Intravenous administration,in contrast,only led to a predominant drug distribution in vascular-rich areas,but reduced ocular accumulation.Conclusion Fullerene nanoparticles possess a therapeutic effect on radiation retinopathy,and the intravitreal administration route demonstrates better efficacy than ocular surface and intravenous administration.