A portion of patients undergoing implant restoration require bone augmentation procedures to ensure that there is sufficient bone volume around the implant. For the patients with horizontal bone ridge defects at edentulous sites, with or without mild to moderate vertical bone defects, the shell technique serves as a reliable and minimally invasive bone augmentation method with effective space maintenance. The shell technique involves fixating 1 mm cortical bone blocks to the recipient site, using retention screws and filling the gap between the bone block and recipient bed with particulate bone substitute materials, and covering the barrier membrane to achieve bone augmentation. The overlying tension-free soft tissue closure seals the surgical site while local peripheral blood releases osteoclasts and cytokines that gradually degrade the bone block. The rigid fixation of the bone block ensures a stable internal environment for osteogenesis and a new bone regeneration cycle. Although this technique demonstrates favorable bone augmentation outcomes, it is highly technique-sensitive. There are certain differences in the application scenarios and osteogenic processes for autologous and allogeneic bone shells. The selection of bone blocks and particulate bone substitute materials significantly influences the osteogenic biological process and the predictability of bone augmentation results. Complications associated with the shell technique possess distinct characteristics, such as the immunogenicity of allogeneic bone fragments, soft tissue cracking, and bone fragment loosening. Their prevention and subsequent management substantially impact the success rate of osteogenesis. This article delves into the biological mechanisms of osteogenesis in the bone block technique, summarizing the indications, clinical outcomes, classification of bone blocks, and surgical workflow management, as well as complication prevention and management, aiming to provide a reference for the future application and development of the bone shell technique.

Objective To investigate the impact of red blood cell suspension infusion across various perioperative periods on patients with valvular heart disease. Methods The patients with valvular heart disease admitted to Tianjin Chest Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were selected. Based on the timing of perioperative red cell suspension infusion, patients were categorized into three groups: a group 1 receiving intraoperative red cell suspension infusion, a group 2 receiving red cell suspension infusion within 24 hours after entering the ICU, and a group 3 receiving red cell suspension infusion at both time points. The laboratory results, perioperative blood component infusion volume, and other relevant parameters were retrospectively analyzed. After propensity score matching, the differences in different variables among the three groups were compared. Results After propensity score matching, 102 patients were enrolled, including 52 males and 50 females, with an average age of (61.74±10.58) years. There were 34 patients in each group. The preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) value of the group 2 was significantly higher than that of the group 1 and the group 3, and the amount of red cell suspension and autoblood transfusion was the lowest (P<0.05). Group 1 had the highest postoperative Hb, as well as the highest Hb and hematocrit (HCT) levels within 24 hours post-surgery (P<0.05). The group 1 had the lowest plasma, platelet and cryoprecipitate infusion volumes, and the shortest cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic occlusion time, postoperative ICU stay and hospital stay, and the least blood loss and total drainage volume (P<0.05). The difference between postoperative and preoperative Hb (△Hb1) was highest in group 1 (P<0.05). Conclusion For patients with valvular heart disease, intraoperative-only infusion of red blood cell suspension is associated with a better prognosis at discharge and during follow-up.

Objective To explore the efficacy of artificial tiger bone powder in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)through Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Methods Forty SD rats were divided into control group,KOA group,low-dose group and high-dose group.The KOA group,low-dose group and high-dose group were all modeled by anterior cruciate ligament transection.After modeling,high-dose and low-dose groups were treated with artificial tiger bone powder at a dose of 10g/kg and 5g/kg orally respectively.Cartilage tissue specimens of rats in each group were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining,and Mankin score was conducted.The cartilage tissues of the knee joints of normal SD rats were taken for primary chondrocyte culture.After passage,they were divided into blank group(without any stimulation),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)group(incubated with 10ng/ml IL-1β for 1 day),and IL-1β+artificial tiger bone powder group(incubated with 10ng/ml IL-1β and 10μg/ml artificial tiger bone powder for 1 day).Detect the activities of related substances such as typeⅡ collagen(Col Ⅱ),matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13),and β-catenin in each group.Results Compared with KOA group,after artificial tiger bone powder treatment,the degree of redness and swelling of the knee joints in rats was reduced,the range of joint motion was significantly improved,and the levels of inflammatory factors were decreased.Compared with the IL-1β group,the expression levels of Col Ⅱ protein and mRNA in IL-1β+artificial tiger bone powder group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of MMP-13,β-catenin protein and mRNA decreased significantly(P＜0.05).After adding the Wnt agonist LiCL,the mRNA expression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin and MMP-13 increased,while the addition of the Wnt inhibitor WIF1 could reduce the mRNA expression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin and MMP-13.Conclusion Artificial tiger bone powder can inhibit the progression of KOA by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),as a global health challenge,brings heavy economic and psychological burdens to patients and their families.Accurately identifying the risk factors for COPD and excluding false associations are crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and formulating prevention strategies.Mendelian randomization(MR),as a supplementary method,has shown great potential in reducing the interference of confounding factors,lowering the cost of experimental research,and avoiding experimental ethical issues.This article focuses on MR and its main derivative methods,discusses their basic principles and applicable conditions,and analyzes their application effects and limitations in COPD research in combination with specific cases,enabling MR to be more widely applied in the study of influencing factors of COPD.

Objective:Based on the adverse drug event active surveillance and assessment system-Ⅱ (ADE-ASAS-Ⅱ) and the information of inpatients in the hospital information system (HIS), the automatic monitoring module of movement disorders was constructed and its application effect in the real-world study of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) was explored.Methods:Literature reviews, case reports, spontaneous reports and medical records were collected, the keyword set was screened based on ADE-ASAS-Ⅱ system and text classification technology, and an automatic monitoring module was constructed. The information of hospitalized patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital (our hospital) was selected from October 10 to 16, 2022. The results of manual evaluation and the system alarm by the automatic monitoring module were compared, and the performance of the automatic monitoring module was evaluated and optimized through repeated machine learning. The medical record information of hospitalized patients who used sodium valproate throughout the year in our hospital in 2022 were collected, and the occurrence of movement disorders related to sodium valproate was analyzed using the automatic monitoring module.Results:A total of 4 918 hospitalized patients (146 with movement disorders) were collected, and the final setting conditions of the automatic monitoring module were determined, including inclusion criteria (43 text keywords, 3 diagnosis) and exclusion criteria (11 text and 20 document titles were omitted). Among the 1 138 hospitalized patients using sodium valproate in 2022, the incidence of DIMDs with tic and tremor as main clinical manifestations detected by automatic monitoring module was 1.67% (19/1 138).Conclusion:The automatic monitoring module of drug-induced movement disorders based on machine learning and manual evaluation can be applied to explore the occurrence characteristics of DIMDs in the real world, and provide information for pharmacovigilance in clinic.

Objective:To explore the dual mediating effects of health belief and depression among health knowledge, social support, and health behaviors based on the capacity, opportunity, motivation-behavior (COM-B) model, and analyze the influencing factors of health behaviors in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:This multi-center cluster sampling research recruited ischemic stroke patients ( n=1 696) who were hospitalized in neurology departments of five tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from October 2023 to October 2024. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the general information questionnaire, social support rating scale (SSRS), stroke prevention knowledge questionnaire(SPKQ), short form health belief model scale(SF-HBMS), health promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ), and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) to ultimately reveal the pathways and effect sizes among variables. Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationships among social support, health knowledge, health belief, health behaviors, and depression in stroke patients by SPSS 26.0 software. Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS 28.0 software, and the mediating effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Results:The scores of social support, health knowledge, health belief, and health behaviors among ischemic stroke patients were (37.46±9.94), (26.56±6.84), (75.62±12.62) and (130.79±26.27), respectively. The score of depression was 5.00 (2.00, 8.00). Health behaviors were positively correlated with health knowledge, social support, and health belief( r=0.333, 0.246, 0.267, all P<0.05), while negatively correlated with depression ( r=-0.146, P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that health knowledge, social support, health belief, and depression were all influencing factors of health behaviors in ischemic stroke patients (all P<0.05). Health belief (effect value=0.068, 95% CI=0.048-0.093) and depression (effect value=0.009, 95% CI=0.003-0.018) both played partial mediating roles between health knowledge and health behaviors, accounting for 17.3%(0.077/0.446) of the total effect. Meanwhile, health belief (effect value=0.045, 95% CI=0.029-0.063) and depression (effect value=0.016, 95% CI=0.008-0.027) both played partial mediating roles between social support and health behaviors, accounting for 26.5%(0.061/0.230) of the total effect. Conclusion:Health knowledge and social support can not only directly influence health behaviors but also indirectly affect them through health belief and depression in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To analyze and sort out the current situation,hot spots and evolution trend in the research field of comprehensive budget management in public hospitals,so as to provide reference for academic research and practice related to comprehensive budget management in public hospitals.Methods CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometrics software was used to draw a knowledge map,and relevant researches in the field of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals in CNKI data-base were analyzed to clarify the annual number of publications,authors,institutions,topic clustering and hot spots.Results The number of published documents maintained a high level and continued to develop;There is less cooperation among domestic au-thors,and most of them conduct research independently.The issuing institutions are mainly concentrated in public hospitals,and the cooperation among institutions is less.The research topics focus on the current situation and problems,system construction and method research,management model improvement and so on.Conclusion The comprehensive budget management research of public hospitals has experienced three stages:slow exploration period,rapid development period and continuous development peri-od,and the research content shows the development trend of"exploring system-promoting practice-optimizing mode".

Objective:To study the distribution characteristics of current patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner (referred to as Morin Banner), and provide suggestions for service management.Methods:Information of KBD current patients in Morin Banner was collected from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2024 using the "KBD Current Patient Survey System" provided by the Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A descriptive study method was used to analyze the basic information and clinical data of current patients.Results:As of June 30, 2024, a total of 6 223 KBD current patients were reported in Morin Banner, and the patients were distributed in 15 townships (towns). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different townships (towns, χ 2 = 3 069.01, P < 0.001). The minimum age of the KBD current patients was 27 years old, and the maximum was 98 years old, mainly concentrated in the age range of 45 - 74 years old, accounting for 95.7% (5 954/6 223). There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different age groups (χ 2 = 5 912.76, P < 0.001). The male to female ratio was 1.00∶1.14 (2 910 ∶ 3 313), and there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence rate of KBD between genders(χ 2 = 44.38, P < 0.001). The KBD current patients mainly had a primary school education, married, and farmers, accounting for 59.2% (3 685/6 223), 89.8% (5 590/6 223), 93.2% (5 802/6 223), respectively; and the clinical grading of patients is mainly degree Ⅰ. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of limb disability among patients with different clinical grades (χ 2 = 64.26, P < 0.001). The rate of limb disability in males was higher than that in females (χ 2 = 10.36, P = 0.001). Conclusions:The KBD current patients in Morin Banner are distributed in various township (town), with middle-aged and elderly famers being the main ones. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of KBD, and pay attention to personalized treatment and management of KBD current patients.

Objective To analyze and sort out the current situation,hot spots and evolution trend in the research field of comprehensive budget management in public hospitals,so as to provide reference for academic research and practice related to comprehensive budget management in public hospitals.Methods CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometrics software was used to draw a knowledge map,and relevant researches in the field of comprehensive budget management of public hospitals in CNKI data-base were analyzed to clarify the annual number of publications,authors,institutions,topic clustering and hot spots.Results The number of published documents maintained a high level and continued to develop;There is less cooperation among domestic au-thors,and most of them conduct research independently.The issuing institutions are mainly concentrated in public hospitals,and the cooperation among institutions is less.The research topics focus on the current situation and problems,system construction and method research,management model improvement and so on.Conclusion The comprehensive budget management research of public hospitals has experienced three stages:slow exploration period,rapid development period and continuous development peri-od,and the research content shows the development trend of"exploring system-promoting practice-optimizing mode".

Objective To explore the efficacy of artificial tiger bone powder in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA)through Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Methods Forty SD rats were divided into control group,KOA group,low-dose group and high-dose group.The KOA group,low-dose group and high-dose group were all modeled by anterior cruciate ligament transection.After modeling,high-dose and low-dose groups were treated with artificial tiger bone powder at a dose of 10g/kg and 5g/kg orally respectively.Cartilage tissue specimens of rats in each group were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining,and Mankin score was conducted.The cartilage tissues of the knee joints of normal SD rats were taken for primary chondrocyte culture.After passage,they were divided into blank group(without any stimulation),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)group(incubated with 10ng/ml IL-1β for 1 day),and IL-1β+artificial tiger bone powder group(incubated with 10ng/ml IL-1β and 10μg/ml artificial tiger bone powder for 1 day).Detect the activities of related substances such as typeⅡ collagen(Col Ⅱ),matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13),and β-catenin in each group.Results Compared with KOA group,after artificial tiger bone powder treatment,the degree of redness and swelling of the knee joints in rats was reduced,the range of joint motion was significantly improved,and the levels of inflammatory factors were decreased.Compared with the IL-1β group,the expression levels of Col Ⅱ protein and mRNA in IL-1β+artificial tiger bone powder group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the expression levels of MMP-13,β-catenin protein and mRNA decreased significantly(P＜0.05).After adding the Wnt agonist LiCL,the mRNA expression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin and MMP-13 increased,while the addition of the Wnt inhibitor WIF1 could reduce the mRNA expression levels of Wnt1,β-catenin and MMP-13.Conclusion Artificial tiger bone powder can inhibit the progression of KOA by regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.