Background: Traditional medicine has long utilized herbal and animal-derived materials worldwide, and traditional formulations for the management of male sexual dysfunction continue to be actively investigated. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant effects of Anti-Impotence-4, an herbal–animal formulation, in an experimental model of chronic stress-induced erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim: To investigate the bioactive compounds present in the plant- and animal-derived formulation Anti-Impotence-4 and its effects against oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, including healthy control, disease control, reference, and treatment groups. Chronic stress was induced once daily for 56 days using a random stress protocol, as described by Peng Zou (2019). Oxidative stress parameters were determined using ELISA. The chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Anti-Impotence-4 were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatogra phy–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) in both positive and negative ionization modes. Results: In an experimental model of erectile dysfunction induced by chronic stress, treatment with Anti-Impotence-4 led to a dose-dependent attenuation of oxidative damage. Specifically, levels of the DNA oxidation marker 8-hydroxy-2′-de oxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were reduced by 13.3–32.5% following administration of Anti-Impotence-4 at doses of 42, 84, and 210 mg/kg. Likewise, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations decreased by 7.9–23.7% at therapeutic doses (p<0.05). In contrast, antioxidant defense mechanisms were markedly enhanced, as evidenced by significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (34.1%, 38.1%, and 44.6%, respectively; p<0.05) and glutathione (GSH) levels, which rose by 37.0–55.4%. Biological substances identified a total of 10 compounds, including six amino acids, flavo noids, and iridoids, in the positive ion mode. In negative-ion mode, 18 bioactive compounds were detected, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Conclusion Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of the Anti-Impotence-4 formulation demonstrated the presence of diverse bioactive constituents, including amino acids, purine derivatives, nucleosides, carbohydrates, organic and fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and iridoids. In a chronic stress-induced erectile dysfunction model, treatment with Anti-Impotence-4 significantly enhanced antioxidant defense by increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, while markedly reducing oxidative stress markers such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and malond ialdehe indicating significant antioxidant and protective effects.

Background: In traditional medicine, Jur Ur-4 Tang, which is widely used for the treatment of diabetes, has been technologically processed and transformed into a modern pharmaceutical form as soluble granules. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the pharmacological effects of the soluble granules derived from Jur Ur-4 Tang. Aim: To study the effect of granules extracted from Jur ur-4 Tang in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus in experimental rats. : Materials and Methods : T2DM in rats was induced by a high-fat diet and a low-dose streptozotocin (STZ 35 mg/kg). Then, oral gavage administration of three different doses of Granule (450 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg) was given to T2DM rats. Experimental results showed that Granule dramatically reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, and GLUT4. Results:: In the glucose tolerance test, granules at doses of 450 and 900 mg/ kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels at 60 and 120 minutes (p < 0.01). Additionally, the soluble granules at all tested doses significantly decreased blood insulin levels and increased GLUT4 expression (p<0.01). Conclusion The granules lower blood glucose levels.

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In Mongolia, the registration of inflammatory diseases is increasing every year, and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Aim: We aimed to determine the degree of cardiovascular risk and its correlation in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a cross-sectional study design with 64 patients with rheumatoid arthritis between May and November 2024. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using mSCORE and the World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular Risk Table. We received ethical approval to begin the research at the MNUMS meeting on May 17, 2024 (No. 2024/3-05). Results: The average age of the participants was 55.2±9.7 years, and the average duration since being diagnosed with RA was 9.8±8.0 years. Among the participants, 82.8% (n=53) were female, and 17.2% (n=11) were male. The mean WHO risk index was 10.25±11, while the mean mSCORE risk index was 2.9±4 (p=0.001). There was a significant difference in mSCORE scores between the 40-55 and 56-65 age groups (p<0.001). In contrast, the mSCORE risk assessment showed that 15.6% (n=10) had high risk, and 6.3% (n=4) had very high risk. Among the parameters of inflammatory biomarkers, CRP (OR=0.05, r=0.35, 95% CI 0.9-3.2, p=0.004) has a statistically significant difference and positive correlation, and HDL-C (OR=2.3, r=-0.25, 95% CI 2.9- 10.0, p<0.0001) was significantly different and negatively correlated. Conclusion A total of 64 participants participated in our study, and according to the WHO assessment, 17.2% were at high or very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years, and according to the mSCORE, 21.9% were at high or very high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Although the degree of disease activity was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk, the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein was statistically significantly different or positively associated with cardiovascular risk assessment.

Objective: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy (CSF1R-L) is a rare adult-onset leukoencephalopathy. Reports of CSF1R-L patients from the Indian subcontinent remain limited. We aimed to report four patients with genetically confirmed CSF1R-L from four Asian Indian families and described their clinical, molecular, and radiological features. Methods: All patients underwent clinical examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and whole-exome sequencing to identify causative variants in the CSF1R gene. We also reviewed published reports of Indian patients with CSF1R-L. Results: The age at enrollment ranged from 34 to 40 years. The duration of symptoms ranged from 11 months to 2 years. The chief clinical phenotype in three patients was a rapidly evolving cognitive-behavioral syndrome combined with atypical parkinsonism, and asymmetrical spastic tetraparesis was observed in one patient. We identified four different variants (three missense variants and one in-frame deletion). Radiological findings revealed white matter involvement and diffusion restriction involving the subcortical white matter and pyramidal tracts. Conclusion We expand the literature on CSF1R-L patients from India by reporting four new cases.

Objective: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy (CSF1R-L) is a rare adult-onset leukoencephalopathy. Reports of CSF1R-L patients from the Indian subcontinent remain limited. We aimed to report four patients with genetically confirmed CSF1R-L from four Asian Indian families and described their clinical, molecular, and radiological features. Methods: All patients underwent clinical examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and whole-exome sequencing to identify causative variants in the CSF1R gene. We also reviewed published reports of Indian patients with CSF1R-L. Results: The age at enrollment ranged from 34 to 40 years. The duration of symptoms ranged from 11 months to 2 years. The chief clinical phenotype in three patients was a rapidly evolving cognitive-behavioral syndrome combined with atypical parkinsonism, and asymmetrical spastic tetraparesis was observed in one patient. We identified four different variants (three missense variants and one in-frame deletion). Radiological findings revealed white matter involvement and diffusion restriction involving the subcortical white matter and pyramidal tracts. Conclusion We expand the literature on CSF1R-L patients from India by reporting four new cases.

Background: s/Aims: Given the high mortality associated with gallbladder cancer (GBC), the efficacy of adjuvant therapy (AT) remains controversial. We audited our data over an 11-year period to assess the impact of AT. Methods: This study included all patients who underwent curative resection for GBC from 2007 to 2017. Analyses were conducted of clinicopathological characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative therapeutic records. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) were evaluated against surgery alone using SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Results: The median age of patients (n = 142) was 50 years. The median overall survival (OS) was 93, 34, and 30 months with CT, CTRT, and surgery alone respectively (p = 0.612). Multivariate analysis indicated that only disease stage and microscopically involved margins significantly impacted OS and disease-free survival (DFS). CT showed increased effectiveness across all prognostic subsets, except for stage 4 and margin-positive resections. Following propensity score matching, median DFS and OS were higher in the CT group than in the CTRT group, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Radically resected GBC patients appear to benefit more from adjuvant CT, while CTRT should be reserved for cases with high-risk features.

Objective: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy (CSF1R-L) is a rare adult-onset leukoencephalopathy. Reports of CSF1R-L patients from the Indian subcontinent remain limited. We aimed to report four patients with genetically confirmed CSF1R-L from four Asian Indian families and described their clinical, molecular, and radiological features. Methods: All patients underwent clinical examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and whole-exome sequencing to identify causative variants in the CSF1R gene. We also reviewed published reports of Indian patients with CSF1R-L. Results: The age at enrollment ranged from 34 to 40 years. The duration of symptoms ranged from 11 months to 2 years. The chief clinical phenotype in three patients was a rapidly evolving cognitive-behavioral syndrome combined with atypical parkinsonism, and asymmetrical spastic tetraparesis was observed in one patient. We identified four different variants (three missense variants and one in-frame deletion). Radiological findings revealed white matter involvement and diffusion restriction involving the subcortical white matter and pyramidal tracts. Conclusion We expand the literature on CSF1R-L patients from India by reporting four new cases.

Background: s/Aims: Given the high mortality associated with gallbladder cancer (GBC), the efficacy of adjuvant therapy (AT) remains controversial. We audited our data over an 11-year period to assess the impact of AT. Methods: This study included all patients who underwent curative resection for GBC from 2007 to 2017. Analyses were conducted of clinicopathological characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative therapeutic records. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) were evaluated against surgery alone using SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Results: The median age of patients (n = 142) was 50 years. The median overall survival (OS) was 93, 34, and 30 months with CT, CTRT, and surgery alone respectively (p = 0.612). Multivariate analysis indicated that only disease stage and microscopically involved margins significantly impacted OS and disease-free survival (DFS). CT showed increased effectiveness across all prognostic subsets, except for stage 4 and margin-positive resections. Following propensity score matching, median DFS and OS were higher in the CT group than in the CTRT group, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Radically resected GBC patients appear to benefit more from adjuvant CT, while CTRT should be reserved for cases with high-risk features.

Background: s/Aims: Given the high mortality associated with gallbladder cancer (GBC), the efficacy of adjuvant therapy (AT) remains controversial. We audited our data over an 11-year period to assess the impact of AT. Methods: This study included all patients who underwent curative resection for GBC from 2007 to 2017. Analyses were conducted of clinicopathological characteristics, surgical details, and postoperative therapeutic records. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) were evaluated against surgery alone using SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Results: The median age of patients (n = 142) was 50 years. The median overall survival (OS) was 93, 34, and 30 months with CT, CTRT, and surgery alone respectively (p = 0.612). Multivariate analysis indicated that only disease stage and microscopically involved margins significantly impacted OS and disease-free survival (DFS). CT showed increased effectiveness across all prognostic subsets, except for stage 4 and margin-positive resections. Following propensity score matching, median DFS and OS were higher in the CT group than in the CTRT group, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Radically resected GBC patients appear to benefit more from adjuvant CT, while CTRT should be reserved for cases with high-risk features.

Introduction: Liver disease accounts for two million deaths annually and is responsible for 4% of all deaths (1 out of every 25 deaths worldwide); approximately two-thirds of all liver-related deaths occur in men. According to health statistics from Mongolia, digestive system disorders increased from 355.9 per 10,000 population in 2002 to 1027.8 in 2012 and are the second leading cause of population disease. In addition, the spread of liver disease is the first among digestive system diseases. The prevalence of liver disease increased from 24.5% in 2002 to 26.6% in 20221. The prevalence of liver disease is extremely high in our country, and due to this, the problem of diagnosis and treatment of liver disease is important. Therefore, in line with the high demand for drugs and prescriptions for liver disease, it is necessary to systematically conduct research on them and provide people with drugs of guaranteed quality and safety, which are proven and verified by modern scientific methods. Methods: The quantitative and qualitative analyses of Mqintan’s plant bioactive compounds were evaluated using the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia technique. Silver nitrate nanoparticles using green synthesis methods based on water extract were synthesized Conclusion Mqintang’s raw materials met the requirements of the Mongolian National Pharmacopeia. It was determined that water and ethanolic extracts of the Mqintang contain hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) and proanthocyanidins (PAs). We used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine the size of nanoparticles synthesized from the Mqintang extract, and a total of 5 nanoparticles were detected.