Objective To investigate the current clinical practices regarding perioperative discontinuation,bridging,and resumption of antiplatelet therapy in coronary heart disease(CHD)patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery or procedures,aiming to optimize perioperative antithrombotic management strategies.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on CHD patients requiring long-term oral antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery or procedures at a tertiary hospital in Hubei Province from January 1 to June 30,2024.Data on perioperative discontinuation,bridging,and resumption of antithrombotic drugs,as well as in-hospital bleeding events,were analyzed.Results A total of 338 hospitalized patients were included,with males accounting for 79.88%and the majority aged over 60 years.High bleeding-risk procedures comprised 56.61%of cases.Among 171 patients on single antiplatelet therapy(SAPT)preoperatively,8.19%continued therapy without interruption.Of the 157 patients who discontinued SAPT,67.25%received bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin(LMWH),and 4.68%with sulodexide.Among 167 patients on dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)preoperatively,17.37%(29 cases)continued DAPT,while 122 discontinued it,with 85 receiving LMWH bridging.Postoperatively,58.64%(173/295)had not resumed antiplatelet therapy by discharge.Three intraoperative and 17 postoperative bleeding events(predominantly minor)were recorded.Conclusions Current perioperative antithrombotic management strategies for patients on long-term antiplatelet therapy undergoing elective surgery lack standardization,both domestically and internationally.Practices at this institution regarding drug discontinuation,bridging,and resumption diverged from guideline recommendations.However,the low observed bleeding rate and insufficient evidence highlight the need for well-designed clinical studies to address unresolved issues in perioperative antithrombotic management.

Objective To develop a method for rapidly identifying Clostridioides difficile(C.difficile)and de-termining high-producing toxin strains,conduct clinical evaluation.Methods The loop-mediated isothermal amplifi-cation(LAMP)method was used to identify C.difficile based on the tcdC,tcdA,and tcdB genes.The sensitivi-ty,specificity,and overall consistency of the detection method were evaluated.Results Feces specimens from 499 hospitalized patients suspected of C.difficile-associated diarrhea were detected,with C.difficile detection rate of 12.8％(64/499),out of which the detection rate of toxin-producing C.difficile was 10.8％(54/499).The sensi-tivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of the detection method for tcdA were 87.2％,98.9％,89.1％,and 98.6％,respectively,and 88.2％,99.6％,90.0％,and 98.73％for tcdB,respec-tively.The total toxin levels of different strains were different,but the average toxin production level of A+B+strains(1.79 μg/mL)was higher than those of A-B+strains(0.72 μg/mL)and A-B-strains(＜0.10 μg/mL).Conclusion The portable high-throughput LAMP detection method can rapidly and efficiently identify C.difficile and determine high-producing toxin strains.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions,with certain infectivity and iatrogenic transmission risks.With the rapid progress and application of new dia-gnostic biomarkers and detection methods,as well as the construction and improvement of surveillance and reporting systems,the detection of CJD in patients domestically and internationally has shown an increasing trend year by year.Due to its long incubation period and heterogeneity of early symptoms,early identification and diagnosis of the disease is difficult,increasing the risk of transmission within medical institutions.Currently,there is a lack of con-sensus on the infection prevention and control of CJD.In order to timely identify and diagnose CJD as well as effec-tively block its transmission in medical institutions,this consensus summarizes 15 clinical concerns and formulates 24 specific recommendations based on the latest domestic and international research findings and clinical evidence,as well as combines with clinical practice,aiming to standardize healthcare-associated infection prevention and control measures for CJD and reduce its transmission risk in medical institutions.

Hemodialysis patients exhibit compromised immune function and require long-term repeated vascular punctures as therapeutic approach,the risk of infection increases.Hospital-associated infection in hemodialysis de-partment(center)happens from time to time,which has already become a concern for the medical community,patients and social media.This paper outlines the task origin of China's"Standard for infection prevention and control in hemodialysis department(center)"(WS/T854-2025),the compilation basis and explanations for its key content,feasibility and implementation recommendations,as well as the clarifications on common issues encoun-tered during its promotion and enforcement.

A 70-year-old male patient was admitted to a hospital on March 1,2024 due to"muscle soreness in his extremities for over a month".Diagnosis consideration:polymyalgia rheumatica(with a high likelihood,the possi-bility of a tumor needs to be excluded).The patient was treated with methylprednisolone.After discharge from the hospital,the patient's symptoms worsened due to self-withdrawal of medication(methylprednisolone treatment for 20 days),and developed fever and cough.He then revisited the hospital and was confirmed to have Legionella mar-ssiliensis infection through metagenomic sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(nucleic acid of all microorga-nisms were extracted from the specimens and compared in the PMDB database to obtain species information of the suspected pathogenic microorganisms).Subsequently,the patient was treated with a combination of 0.75 g levo-floxacin intravenous infusion qd+0.1 g doxycycline enteric-coated capsules orally bid for anti-infective therapy.The patient's symptoms,such as cough and muscle pain,improved significantly after anti-inflammatory and anti-in-fective treatment,and he was discharged on March 18.As the first reported case of Legionella marssiliensis pulmo-nary infection in China,this case highlights that among the multiple species of Legionella,there is another bacte-rium that can infect the human body and cause disease.This case report is beneficial for improving medical staff's understanding on Legionella marssiliensis and providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of future cases of Legionella marssiliensis infection.

Medical ultrasound technology is widely used for diagnosis and therapy in clinical practice.Ultrasound probes,which are directly contact with patients,pose a potential risk of pathogen transmission.This expert consen-sus was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on international guidelines,standards in China,and the results of a national survey,aiming to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infection through standardizing reprocessing of medical ultrasound probes,and formulating consensus recommendations with the Delphi method.The consensus clarifies the reprocessing principles for three types of ultrasound probes of different infection risks:external-use ul-trasound probes,interventional percutaneous ultrasound probes,and internal-use ultrasound probes,puts forward systematic suggestions on the reprocessing standards and disinfection levels of ultrasound probe isolation covers and coupling agents,the reprocessing procedures and methods of ultrasound probes,as well as architectural layout and management of reprocessing,so as to provide a scientific prevention and control framework for ensuring ultrasound diagnosis and therapy safety.

Climate change has emerged as a focal point of global concern in the 21st century.This paper systema-tically summarizes the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on human health,including directly causing hu-man death and disability in the form of disasters,and increasing the risk of climate-sensitive diseases,including chronic non-infectious diseases,infectious diseases,mental and psychological problems,as well as allergic diseases and malnutrition through changes in temperature and humidity,air pollution,as well as changes in the geographical distribution of disease vectors.Based on these,within the global governance framework,this paper focuses on the challenges faced by medical institutions in the field of infection prevention and control,and explores in depth infec-tion control response strategies from five aspects,so as to provide reference for further enhancing the climate resi-lience capacity of the medical system and safeguarding public health.

The aging trend is intensifying currently,but there is still a lack of standardized diagnosis and treat-ment schemes for severe infections in elderly people.This paper focuses on the recommendations for immune-related clinical diagnosis and treatment routes as well as the idea of risk stratified diagnosis and treatment for elderly peo-ple,aiming to effectively prevent infectious diseases in elderly people and perform stratified management through systematic and scientific means of immune function monitoring and regulation,so as to enhance the standardized level of diagnosis and treatment as well as clinical treatment effect of infection in elderly people.

Objective To investigate the current clinical practices regarding perioperative discontinuation,bridging,and resumption of antiplatelet therapy in coronary heart disease(CHD)patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery or procedures,aiming to optimize perioperative antithrombotic management strategies.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on CHD patients requiring long-term oral antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery or procedures at a tertiary hospital in Hubei Province from January 1 to June 30,2024.Data on perioperative discontinuation,bridging,and resumption of antithrombotic drugs,as well as in-hospital bleeding events,were analyzed.Results A total of 338 hospitalized patients were included,with males accounting for 79.88%and the majority aged over 60 years.High bleeding-risk procedures comprised 56.61%of cases.Among 171 patients on single antiplatelet therapy(SAPT)preoperatively,8.19%continued therapy without interruption.Of the 157 patients who discontinued SAPT,67.25%received bridging therapy with low molecular weight heparin(LMWH),and 4.68%with sulodexide.Among 167 patients on dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)preoperatively,17.37%(29 cases)continued DAPT,while 122 discontinued it,with 85 receiving LMWH bridging.Postoperatively,58.64%(173/295)had not resumed antiplatelet therapy by discharge.Three intraoperative and 17 postoperative bleeding events(predominantly minor)were recorded.Conclusions Current perioperative antithrombotic management strategies for patients on long-term antiplatelet therapy undergoing elective surgery lack standardization,both domestically and internationally.Practices at this institution regarding drug discontinuation,bridging,and resumption diverged from guideline recommendations.However,the low observed bleeding rate and insufficient evidence highlight the need for well-designed clinical studies to address unresolved issues in perioperative antithrombotic management.