Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to various intensities of lockdowns, affecting lifestyles globally. This study investigates the impact of partial lockdown versus total lockdown on adult physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 2020 to October 2020, with 493 participants included in the analysis. Results: The analysis revealed no significant differences in total PA or total sitting time between partial lockdown and total lockdown scenarios. However, moderate physical activity (MPA) significantly decreased during total lockdowns, with more pronounced reductions among females than males. Notably, a positive correlation was found between household area and MPA, suggesting that larger living spaces may encourage more PA. A negative correlation was observed between sitting time and MPA during both types of lockdown. Conclusions Total lockdown conditions were associated with a significant decrease in MPA, highlighting sex disparities in PA responses. Living space size emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining PA levels during restricted conditions. This study emphasizes the need to consider environmental and demographic factors in public health strategies during prolonged periods of restricted movement.

Pyloric dysfunction is defined as hypertonia or spasm of the pyloric sphincter. The pylorus plays a key role in gastric emptying, but its function remains incompletely understood. Most studies have focused on gastroparesis regardless of the underlying pathophysiology. Few studies have reported pyloric dysfunction in patients with gastroparesis, and the diagnostic and treatment modalities for pyloric dysfunction are not well established. Recently developed diagnostic modalities assessing pyloric function, such as high-resolution antroduodenal manometry and endoluminal functional lumen imaging, are currently being evaluated. A variety of therapeutic interventions targeting the pylorus, including pharmacologic agents, intrapyloric botulinum injection, endoscopic balloon dilation, stent insertion, surgical pyloroplasty, and gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy, have been proposed. Among these, gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy has emerged as a novel, minimally invasive therapy with demonstrated efficacy and safety for refractory gastroparesis. This article reviews the pathophysiology of pyloric dysfunction and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on the latest literature.

Pyloric dysfunction is defined as hypertonia or spasm of the pyloric sphincter. The pylorus plays a key role in gastric emptying, but its function remains incompletely understood. Most studies have focused on gastroparesis regardless of the underlying pathophysiology. Few studies have reported pyloric dysfunction in patients with gastroparesis, and the diagnostic and treatment modalities for pyloric dysfunction are not well established. Recently developed diagnostic modalities assessing pyloric function, such as high-resolution antroduodenal manometry and endoluminal functional lumen imaging, are currently being evaluated. A variety of therapeutic interventions targeting the pylorus, including pharmacologic agents, intrapyloric botulinum injection, endoscopic balloon dilation, stent insertion, surgical pyloroplasty, and gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy, have been proposed. Among these, gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy has emerged as a novel, minimally invasive therapy with demonstrated efficacy and safety for refractory gastroparesis. This article reviews the pathophysiology of pyloric dysfunction and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on the latest literature.

Pyloric dysfunction is defined as hypertonia or spasm of the pyloric sphincter. The pylorus plays a key role in gastric emptying, but its function remains incompletely understood. Most studies have focused on gastroparesis regardless of the underlying pathophysiology. Few studies have reported pyloric dysfunction in patients with gastroparesis, and the diagnostic and treatment modalities for pyloric dysfunction are not well established. Recently developed diagnostic modalities assessing pyloric function, such as high-resolution antroduodenal manometry and endoluminal functional lumen imaging, are currently being evaluated. A variety of therapeutic interventions targeting the pylorus, including pharmacologic agents, intrapyloric botulinum injection, endoscopic balloon dilation, stent insertion, surgical pyloroplasty, and gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy, have been proposed. Among these, gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy has emerged as a novel, minimally invasive therapy with demonstrated efficacy and safety for refractory gastroparesis. This article reviews the pathophysiology of pyloric dysfunction and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on the latest literature.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to various intensities of lockdowns, affecting lifestyles globally. This study investigates the impact of partial lockdown versus total lockdown on adult physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 2020 to October 2020, with 493 participants included in the analysis. Results: The analysis revealed no significant differences in total PA or total sitting time between partial lockdown and total lockdown scenarios. However, moderate physical activity (MPA) significantly decreased during total lockdowns, with more pronounced reductions among females than males. Notably, a positive correlation was found between household area and MPA, suggesting that larger living spaces may encourage more PA. A negative correlation was observed between sitting time and MPA during both types of lockdown. Conclusions Total lockdown conditions were associated with a significant decrease in MPA, highlighting sex disparities in PA responses. Living space size emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining PA levels during restricted conditions. This study emphasizes the need to consider environmental and demographic factors in public health strategies during prolonged periods of restricted movement.

Pyloric dysfunction is defined as hypertonia or spasm of the pyloric sphincter. The pylorus plays a key role in gastric emptying, but its function remains incompletely understood. Most studies have focused on gastroparesis regardless of the underlying pathophysiology. Few studies have reported pyloric dysfunction in patients with gastroparesis, and the diagnostic and treatment modalities for pyloric dysfunction are not well established. Recently developed diagnostic modalities assessing pyloric function, such as high-resolution antroduodenal manometry and endoluminal functional lumen imaging, are currently being evaluated. A variety of therapeutic interventions targeting the pylorus, including pharmacologic agents, intrapyloric botulinum injection, endoscopic balloon dilation, stent insertion, surgical pyloroplasty, and gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy, have been proposed. Among these, gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy has emerged as a novel, minimally invasive therapy with demonstrated efficacy and safety for refractory gastroparesis. This article reviews the pathophysiology of pyloric dysfunction and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on the latest literature.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic led to various intensities of lockdowns, affecting lifestyles globally. This study investigates the impact of partial lockdown versus total lockdown on adult physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April 2020 to October 2020, with 493 participants included in the analysis. Results: The analysis revealed no significant differences in total PA or total sitting time between partial lockdown and total lockdown scenarios. However, moderate physical activity (MPA) significantly decreased during total lockdowns, with more pronounced reductions among females than males. Notably, a positive correlation was found between household area and MPA, suggesting that larger living spaces may encourage more PA. A negative correlation was observed between sitting time and MPA during both types of lockdown. Conclusions Total lockdown conditions were associated with a significant decrease in MPA, highlighting sex disparities in PA responses. Living space size emerged as a crucial factor in maintaining PA levels during restricted conditions. This study emphasizes the need to consider environmental and demographic factors in public health strategies during prolonged periods of restricted movement.

BACKGROUND

Skin cancer incidence has risen in recent decades, with excessive ultraviolet radiation exposure being a significant factor, especially among athletes involved in outdoor sports. This study examines differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding sun exposure and protection between urban and rural college track and field athletes.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Philippines with 60 college track and field athletes selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. A questionnaire, adapted from two local studies, assessed KAP regarding sun exposure. The final questionnaire was then distributed via Google Forms. Pearson’s correlation assessed the relationships between KAP.

Urban and rural athletes lacked adequate knowledge about sun exposure and protection, though urban athletes had a slightly higher knowledge score. Urban athletes exhibited more desirable attitudes toward sun protection. Both the groups showed inadequate sun protection practices. Social media was the most common source of information.

This study found that while locality does not determine sun protection practices, urban athletes showed more positive attitudes. Greater knowledge was linked to better attitudes but did not always translate into improved practices. Addressing barriers that hinder the application of sun protection knowledge is essential to bridging this gap and promoting consistent sun safety behaviors, especially among athletes who engage in outdoor sports.

Krukenberg tumors are very rare. Its origin is difficult to define especially if its gross features mimic a primary ovarian cancer. We present a case of a 24-year-old Filipino female patient with metastatic mucinous ovarian adenocarcinoma of colonic origin that mimicked primary ovarian cancer and genitourinary tuberculosis. Surgery was done and histopathology revealed that the cancer was a metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of colonic origin. This case highlights the importance of differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian lesions as well as distinction between primary and metastatic ovarian neoplasms. Radiological imaging has an evolving role in diagnosis of different cancers, which may be improved through better clinical correlation and developing meaningful differential diagnosis while advancing to a more strategized algorithm in the diagnostic approach.

Objective: In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys revealed that approximately 98% of individuals with pulmonary TB have TB-presumptive abnormalities on chest radiographs, while 32% have no TB symptoms. This prompted the adoption of the “Double X” strategy, which combines chest radiographs and computer-aided detection with GeneXpert testing to screen for and diagnose TB among vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to describe demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic Double X participants and to assess multilabel radiographic abnormalities on chest radiographs, interpreted by computer-aided detection software, as a possible tool for detecting TB-presumptive abnormalities, particularly for subclinical TB. Methods: Double X participants with TB-presumptive chest radiographs and/or TB symptoms and known risks were referred for confirmatory GeneXpert testing. The demographic and clinical characteristics of all Double X participants and the subset with confirmed TB were summarized. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to evaluate associations between participant characteristics and subclinical TB and between computer-aided detection multilabel radiographic abnormalities and TB. Results: From 2020 to 2022, 96 631 participants received chest radiographs, with 67 881 (70.2%) reporting no TB symptoms. Among 1144 individuals with Xpert-confirmed TB, 51.0% were subclinical. Subclinical TB prevalence was higher in older age groups, non-smokers, those previously treated for TB and the northern region. Among 11 computer-aided detection multilabel radiographic abnormalities, fibrosis was associated with higher odds of subclinical TB. Discussion: In Viet Nam, Double X community case finding detected pulmonary TB, including subclinical TB. Computer-aided detection software may have the potential to identify subclinical TB on chest radiographs by classifying multilabel radiographic abnormalities, but further research is needed.