ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of jatrorrhizine on endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways in the mouse model of ulcerative colitis. MethodsThirty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group， the model group， the low-dose and high-dose jatrorrhizine groups （0.04， 0.16 g·kg^-1）， and the mesalazine group （0.52 g·kg^-1）The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was established with 3% dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） and treated with different doses of jatrorrhizine by gavage. The changes in body weight， colon length， disease activity index （DAI）， and colonic histopathology were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of jatrorrhizine. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was employed to determine the serum and fecal levels of metabolites in mice. Metabolomics methods were used to screen the differential metabolites， on the basis of which the potential therapeutic mechanism of jatrorrhizine on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice was investigated. ResultsAfter intervention with jatrorrhizine， the model mice showed significantly decreased DAI（P<0.05，P<0.01）， recovered colon length，（P<0.05，P<0.01） and alleviated histopathology of the colon. The metabolomics study screened out 13 differential metabolites in the serum and 8 differential metabolites in the feces. The pathway enrichment analysis predicted three potential metabolic pathways： Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids， phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis， and phenylalanine metabolism. ConclusionJatrorrhizine may treat ulcerative colitis by regulating the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids and the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide （NO） on the accumulation and quality formation mechanism of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix. MethodsFresh roots of Scutellaria baicalensis were treated with sodium nitroprusside （SNP） solutions at concentrations of 0.0， 7.5， and 20 mmol·L^-1， respectively. Kits and supporting reaction systems were used to determine the following indicators of samples in each group， including （1） reactive oxygen species： changes in the content of nitric oxide （NO）， superoxide anion （O2-·）， and hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂）， （2） lipid oxidation products： changes in the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， （3） antioxidant enzymes： changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）， and （4） metabolic key enzymes and metabolic intermediates： Changes in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） and the content of 1，3-diphosphoglycerate （1，3-DPG）. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to determine the changes in the content of secondary metabolites in flavonoids such as baicalin， wogonoside， baicalein， and wogonin in each group. ResultsCompared with that on day 0， during the treatment with 20 mmol·L^-1 SNP solution， the content of NO， O2-·， H₂O₂， and MDA in fresh roots of Scutellaria baicalensis increased significantly （P<0.01）， by 138.7%， 75.7%， 292.9%， and 140.3% respectively. The activity of SOD， CAT， and POD increased by 100.7%， 41.4%， and 70.4% respectively （P<0.01）， and that of PAL increased by 111.1% （P<0.01）. The content of the secondary metabolites baicalin and wogonoside remained basically unchanged， while that of baicalein and wogonin increased by 401.3% and 457.9% respectively （P<0.01）. The content of 1，3-DPG increased by 165.0% （P<0.01）. In the 7.5 mmol·L^-1 SNP solution treatment group， the stress degree was relatively mild. Compared with that on day 0， the content of NO， O2-·， H₂O₂， and MDA increased by 76.2%， 57.7%， 221.4%， and 99.7% respectively （P<0.01）. The activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD， CAT， and POD increased by 79.5%， 55.6%， and 51.9% respectively （P<0.01）， and that of PAL increased by 69.0% （P<0.01）. The content of baicalein and wogonin increased by 204.7% and 272.2% respectively （P<0.01）， and that of 1，3-DPG increased by 128.0% （P<0.01）. The 20 mmol·L^-1 SNP group showed better performance than the 7.5 mmol·L^-1 SNP group. ConclusionSNP can simulate the physiological state of Scutellaria baicalensis under stress conditions， activate the antioxidant protection mechanism， promote the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix， and significantly improve the quality of medicinal materials in Scutellariae Radix.

The chapter Zhouyu in Guoyu says "Qi of the heaven and the earth moves without losing its order." With lucidity ascending and turbidity descending， Qi moves in a normal state， and Yin and Yang consolidate the foundation of the body. The mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity leads to the disorder of Qi movement， thus causing diseases. It is a pathological state of disorder between ascending and descending， as well as between entering and exiting， gradually evolving into a state of turbidity affecting lucidity and transforming into pathogen， which can be used to interpret and analyze the core of disease pathogenesis. The theory of lucidity and turbidity is connected with the harmony of nutrient and defensive aspects， Qi circulation， and sweat pore associating with Qi movement， and it has common implications with immune responses and nutrient metabolism system， intestinal mucosal barrier function， and mitochondrial energy synthesis. Modern studies have shown that intestinal flora imbalance， bile acid receptor inactivation， macrophage polarization imbalance， epithelial-mesenchymal transition， ferroptosis and other related microscopic pathological mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of ulcerative colitis. By delving into the common meaning of the classic theory of mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical pathological mechanisms， this paper summarizes the correspondence between the micropathological mechanism and the theory of mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity in the regulation and mamagement of ulcerative colitis. The combined use of sweet and warm medicinal materials consolidates the middle Qi and activates Qi circulation， thus ascending lucidity and descending turbidity. The combined use of pungent medicinal materials for dispersing and bitter medicinal materials for descending simultaneously raises warm and clear Qi. Wind-extinguishing medicinal materials facilitate the ascending of Qi and the opening of sweat pores. Accordingly， turbidity descends and lucidity ascends. The prescriptions incorporating these medication principles are in agreement with the therapeutic approach of following the normal flow of lucidity and turbidity. This paper clarifies the scientific connotation and micropathologic mechanism of ulcerative colitis from the perspective of mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity， providing new theories and prescriptions for the clinical diagnosis， treatment， and prevention of ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which Qiaobai cold compress solution （QBCS） improves acne vulgaris （AV） based on transcriptomics and animal experiments. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into a blank control group （ n ＝6） and a modeling group （ n ＝30）. AV models were established in the modeling group by topical application of oleic acid to the inner surface of both ears， combined with subcutaneous injection of Cutibacterium acnes suspension into the auricle. Successfully modeled rats were further divided into the model group， positive control group （Tretinoin cream， 0.045 g/kg）， and QBCS low-， medium-， high-dose groups [3.55， 7.11， 14.22 g/kg （calculated by the amount of crude drug） ] ， with 6 rats in each group. Rats in each d rug group were treated with the corresponding drugs once daily for 14 consecutive days. After the final administration， changes in the appearance of the ears and histopathological changes in the ear tissues were observed， and serum levels of inflammatory factors， including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-1β， were measured. Auricular tissues from the blank control group， model group and QBCS medium-dose group were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Differential expressed genes （DEGs） were screened and subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis， followed by validation using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. RESULTS Compared with the model group， rats in all QBCS groups showed alleviated auricular acne symptoms， with reduced epidermal thickening， sebaceous gland hyperplasia， and inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum levels of TNF-α （except for the QBCS low-dose group）， IL-6 （except for the QBCS low-dose group） and IL-1β were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. A total of 590 DEGs were identified （blank control group vs. model group）， and 596 DEGs were identified （model group vs. QBCS medium-dose group）. Above DEGs （blank control group vs. model group） were mainly enriched in Toll-like receptor （TLR） and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） signaling pathways， etc. Validation experiments showed that， compared with model group， low-， medium- and high-dose of QBCS reduced， to varying degrees， the mRNA expression of TNF-α， TLR2， interferon-γ and CXC chemokine ligand 8 in the auricular tissues of AV rats， increased the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma and tumor protein 53， and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 protein as well as the expressions of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88（MyD88） （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QBCS can alleviate auricular inflammation and skin lesions in AV rats. This effect may be related to inhibition of the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby suppressing the expression of downstream inflammatory factors such as TNF-α.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of baicalin （BC） on insulin resistance in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） and its underlying mechanism based on the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 （SUV39H1）/histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation （H3K9me3） axis. METHODS A GDM rat model was established by a combination of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. The successfully modeled rats were divided into the GDM group， BC low-dose group， BC high-dose group， and high-dose of BC+AMPK inhibitor （Compound C） group， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 pregnant rats fed a normal diet served as the control group. Rats in each group were given corresponding drugs/normal saline intragastrically and/or intraperitoneally， once daily for 2 consecutive weeks. After the last administration， the levels of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， pancreatic function indexes [fasting insulin （FINS）， homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）， insulin sensitivity index （ISI）]， blood lipid indexes （total cholesterol， triglyceride， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol）， liver function indexes （alanine transferase， aspartate transferase， alkaline phosphatase）， inflammatory indicators （C-reactive protein， interleukin-1β， interleukin-6）， metabolic regulatory protein [complement-C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 （CTRP3）]， insulin sensitivity related factors [glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4）， adiponectin]， and oxidative stress indicators [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， malondialdehyde （MDA）] were measured. Pathological changes in liver tissue were observed， and the expressions of proteins related to the AMPK/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 axis in liver tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with the GDM group， rats in the BC low- and high-dose groups showed varying degrees of improvement in pathological changes such as disordered cell arrangement， vacuolar degeneration， lipid deposition， and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue. Their FBG and FINS levels， HOMA-IR， the levels of blood lipid indexes， liver function indexes， inflammatory indicators and MDA， and the expressions of SUV39H1 and H3K9me3 were significantly decreased or down-regulated， while metabolic regulatory protein， insulin sensitivity-related factors and AMPK protein phosphorylation levels were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. The improvement was more significant in the BC high-dose group （ P ＜0.05）. Compound C could significantly reverse the ameliorative effects of high-dose BC on the above quantitative indicators （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS BC can significantly reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses， increase serum levels of CTRP3， GLUT4 and adiponectin， thereby improving insulin resistance in GDM rats. These effects may be related to the activation of AMPK and inhibition of SUV39H1-mediated H3K9me3 modification.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for batroxobin-related severe hypofibrinogenemia （HFIB） and construct a risk prediction model. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on inpatients treated with batroxobin in the First Medical Center of a tertiary hospital from January 1， 2020， to December 31， 2024. Patients were categorized into non-severe HFIB group and severe HFIB group based on the severity of HFIB. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent influencing factors for batroxobin-related severe HFIB. A nomogram was developed using the “rms” package in R 4.5 software. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Calibration was assessed via the Bootstrap resampling method， and goodness-of-fit was evaluated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS A total of 1 472 patients were included in this study. Of these， 1 445 developed HFIB， yi elding an incidence of 98.17%. Furthermore， 895 were classified as severe HFIB， accounting for 60.80% of the cohort. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased age， high initial dose per 10 kg body weight， use of maintenance dose， and concomitant glucocorticoid use were independent risk factors for batroxobin-related severe HFIB， while high baseline fibrinogen （FIB） level was identified as a protective factor. The model demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.760 （95% CI： 0.735-0.785）. The mean absolute error of the calibration curve was 0.006. The P value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 0.609. CONCLUSIONS Batroxobin can rapidly and significantly reduce FIB levels and carries a risk of inducing severe HFIB. Patients with advanced age， high initial dose per 10 kg body weight， use of maintenance dose and concomitant glucocorticoid use had a higher risk of batroxobin-related severe HFIB， while high baseline FIB level had a lower risk of batroxobin-related severe HFIB. The risk prediction model developed based on these factors can be used to predict the likelihood of batroxobin-related severe HFIB.

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy and safe ty of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside combined with finerenone in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy （DN）. METHODS This study selected 104 DN patients admitted to the Nephrology Department of Handan Central Hospital from January 2023 to May 2024 as the subjects and randomly assigned them into the control group （52 cases） and the combination group （52 cases）. All patients received basic treatment such as lipid-lowering and blood glucose control. On this basis， patients in the control group received finerenone， while those in the combination group received a combination therapy of T. wilfordii polyglycoside and finerenone. Both groups underwent treatment for a duration of three months. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical efficacy， renal function indicators [24-hour urine protein excretion （24 h UPE）， urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， urinary albumin excretion rate （UAER） ] ， inflammatory factors [high mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， high-sensitivity C reactive protein （hs-CRP） ] ， and oxidative stress indicators [total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， advanced oxidation protein products （AOPP）， malondialdehyde （MDA） ] before and after treatment. Additionally， the occurrence of adverse drug reactions was recorded. RESULTS In terms of efficacy， the total effective rate of patients in the combination group was higher than that of the control group （ P ＜0.05）. After treatment， the levels of 24-h UPE， UACR， UAER， HMGB1， IL-6， NF-κB， hs-CRP， AOPP and MDA in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the same group before treatment； the levels of T-AOC and SOD in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the same group before treatment， with the combination group showing superior changes in the above indicators compared to the control group at the corresponding time point （ P ＜0.05）. In terms of safety， there was no statistical significance in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups （ P ＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Compared to finerenone monotherapy， the combination therapy of T. wilfordii polyglycoside and finerenone demonstrates significant efficacy in treating DN. It effectively reduces proteinuria levels， alleviates inflammatory reaction， mitigates oxidative stress， and does not increase the risk of adverse reactions.

Obesity， a global chronic disease， is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction， which is one of the contributing factors to obesity. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway， a key regulator of lipid metabolism， plays a pivotal role in obesity development. Various of traditional Chinese medicine monomers， such as flavonoids， lignans， phenols， and terpenoids， as well as traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas like Xiaoyao powder， Shengmai powder， and Zexie decoction， can maintain energy homeostasis， balance adipose tissue function， regulate glucose metabolism， improve insulin resistance， and suppress inflammatory responses through cAMP signaling pathway regulation， thereby intervening in lipid metabolism for obesity treatment. Although a substantial amount of basic research has preliminarily elucidated the potential mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine intervenes in obesity through the cAMP signaling pathway， clinical translational research remains inadequate. There is an urgent need for large-sample， high-quality randomized controlled trials to validate these findings.

Brain science research involves technological applications such as bioengineering， information technology， artificial intelligence （AI）， and brain-computer interfaces， making it a focal area where advanced technologies and ethical issues converge. Currently， brain projects in multiple countries have entered their second-phase project processes and begun to reflect on the ethical challenges that emerged during the initial research phase. By sorting out and analyzing the coping strategies for ethical issues adopted by major international organizations related to brain science and countries that have launched brain projects， this paper pointed out the problems existing in brain science research， such as information security and data rights， the boundaries of technical power， the balance of stakeholders， the reductionist paradigm and the trend of technological dehumanization， as well as the inadequacy and practicality of ethical principles. It also analyzed the enlightenment of the global brain project’s ethical governance practices for China’s brain science ethical research， namely， avoiding overly optimistic deconstruction of the human brain through biological reductionism and preventing technocratic impulses to replace or manipulate the rich psychological experiences of human beings with AI or brain-computer interfaces. This paper proposed recommendations for developing neuroethics， advocating for constructing a technology development path enriched with humanistic care under the framework of scientific and technological ethics while strengthening foundational research in neuroethics.

Objective To analyze the unexamined items and situations in occupational health examinations of radiation workers, and provide a reference for the revision of occupational health examination standards for radiation workers. Methods A total of 29 630 radiation workers who underwent occupational health examinations at The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province in 2023 were selected, and the non-examination rates were statistically analyzed according to occupation, gender, and age. Results The overall non-examination rate of non-medical radiation workers was significantly lower than that of the medical radiation workers (P<0.05). The non-examination rate of chest X-rays among medical radiation workers was significantly higher than that of non-medical radiation workers (P<0.05), while no significant differences were found in other items (P>0.05). Gender-stratified analysis showed that the non-examination rate of routine urine tests was higher in females than in males in both medical and non-medical radiation workers (P<0.05). Age-stratified analysis revealed no significant differences in non-examination rates among different age groups in non-medical radiation workers (P>0.05), whereas the chest X-ray non-examination rate was relatively high in medical radiation workers under 30 years old (P<0.05). Conclusion Significant differences were observed in the non-examination rates of occupational health examinations among radiation workers based on occupation, gender, and age. The overall non-examination rate was relatively low in non-medical radiation workers.