Rationale and Background:: To develop more effective intervention strategies against dengue, it is essential to estimate the impact of higher temperatures on dengue prevalence, and risk factors associated with infection. Objectives: : To assess the prevalence of dengue fever in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR and gain insights into environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with infection. Methodology: : An observational quantitative research design was used, comprising 1) a cross-sectional household survey conducted in selected districts in Vientiane Capital (Xaysetha, Sikhottabong, Hadxaifong, Xaythany) using structure interview questionnaires that covered socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about dengue fever and information relating to the household environment and 2) a review of data regarding the temperature and temperature in Vientiane Regency from 2007–2022. Data analysis was conducted using STATA. Results: : A total of 954 participants (94% of expected samples) were included in the study. Gender and age were not significantly associated with dengue fever infection rates (p=0.781 and p=0.607, respectively). However, occupation, ethnicity, and limited living space were significantly associated with higher odds of having dengue fever (OR=0.60, p=0.003), (OR=6.28, p=0.035; and OR=0.43, p=0.001, respectively). Economic factors such as income and perceived economic status showed no significant correlation with dengue fever infection. Additionally, minimum and average temperature fluctuations increased annually, with significant associations with dengue prevalence (p<0.001 and p=0.024). Conclusion: Dengue fever prevalence remains high and fluctuates annually, with a peak during the rainy season. Warmer temperatures appear to contribute to increased dengue infections. Dengue prevention efforts continue to face challenges, emphasizing the need for enhanced preventative measures, particularly during the rainy season. Furthermore, these findings highlight the importance of continued research on temperature-dengue relationships, particularly in the context of global climate change, to support adaptive disease surveillance and control strategies.