Background: Individuals requiring liver transplantation began receiving this procedure in Mongolia in 2011, following initial treatments abroad in 2004. As survival rates of post-liver transplant continue to improve, it is imperative to understand the factors influencing the quality of life for patients during these years and to explore modifiable determinants. The interplay between socioeconomic and environmental factors significantly impacts social and personal development, as evidenced by quality of life metrics. Research indicates that 6% of liver transplant recipients are classified as unable to work based on activity and international disability assessments, while 23% to 61% of recipients achieve full employment following liver transplantation treatment. However, there is a notable lack of studies examining the physical, psychological, and social well-being of patients post-liver transplant in Mongolia. This study aims to address this gap and provide insights into the overall health status of these individuals. Aim: Examining quality of life and employment status following liver transplantation treatment Materials and Methods: A descriptive study design and questionnaire method were used to collect data from 144 cases of individuals who underwent liver transplantation. The study was based on the SF-36 Health Survey, categorized into eight domains, with scores calculated according to predefined criteria. Results: Among the 144 cases included in the study, 81 (56.3%) were male and 63 (43.8%) were female. By age group, 120 (83.3%) were between 19 and 60 years old, representing the working-age population, while 24 (16.7%) were over 60 years old. Post-liver transplant employment status revealed significant differences, with 41 (28.5%) employed full-time, 19 (13.2%) parttime, and 84 (58.3%) unemployed or receiving disability benefits (p=0.024). Among these, 62 (43%) expressed a desire to work, 17 (12%) did not wish to work, and 65 (45%) were uncertain, showing no statistically significant differences (p=0.173). When calculating the quality of life assessment, the physical function index was 63.52±25.32 for working patients and 52.90±25.75 for non-working patients (p=0.018), and the psychological status index was 64.94±14.53 for working patients and 53.63±17.87 for non-working patients (p<0.001), and there was a statistically significant difference. Conclusion Health-related quality of life in people who are employed after liver transplantation is high, and overall physical function and overall psychological well-being improve year after year.

Background: Accreditation of healthcare institutions serves as a fundamental mechanism for ensuring patient safety and validating the quality of medical services provided to the population. At Intermed Hospital, a quality measurement system for healthcare services has been established since 2015, encompassing 126 quality indicators at both institutional and departmental levels. This system facilitates continuous quality improvement efforts. In this context, quality indicators specific to the endoscopy department play a pivotal role in objectively assessing the quality of endoscopic services. Aim: To assess the quality indicators in gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted by collecting data from the Intermed hospital’s electronic information systems which included HIS and PACS and Quality and Safety Department’s Database and the results were processed using the SPSS software. Ethical approval was granted by the Intermed hospital’s Scientific research committee. The quality of endoscopic services in the Intermed hospital was assessed based on: a) the average values of four quality indicators measured monthly; b) sample survey data from five categories of quality indicators. Results : Between 2016 and 2024, the quality indicators of the endoscopy unit measured as the level of early warning score evaluations for patients was 95.97%±3.33, the level of cases where peripheral blood oxygen saturation decreased during sedation was 1.54%±3.78, the level of cases where patients experienced paradoxiical response during sedation was 5.82%±1.75, surveillance culturing level for validation of endoscopy reprocessing was 11.6%. The endoscopic documentation quality by peer review showed 95.7-100%, the colonoscopy quality indicators were followings as adenoma detection rate: 24.5% Cecal intubation rate: 99.1%, 95.2%, Colonoscope withdrawal average time: 13.28±10.62 minutes, Bowel preparation quality (Boston Scale): 89.3% 95.7%), patient discharge from the recovery room, Average discharge time post-procedure: With propofol alone: 30.92 minutes; With propofol and fentanyl combined: 31.52 minutes, The intermediate risk was 0.28% by the TROOPS evaluation during procedural sedation. Conclusion The quality benchmark levels for these endoscopic units, as determined by a single-center study, can be effectively implemented by benchmark endoscopy centers to enhance their quality and safety operations.

Background: Plants of the family Gentianaceae in Mongolia are rich in bitter iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, and have been traditionally used in Mongolian medicine to promote digestion, protect the liver, and reduce fever. However, standardized information on the micro-morphology and histochemical characteristics of the widely distributed species Gentiana decumbens L.f. is scarce, limiting the assessment of its quality as a medicinal raw material. Aim: To identify the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the aerial and underground parts of Gentiana decumbens and to localize the distribution of starch, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds using histochemical methods. Materials and Methods: Plant materials were collected in July 2024 from Tsagaan-Uul soum, Khuvsgul province, andshade-dried. Samples were softened in a water–ethanol–glycerol solution (1:1:1) for 24 hours, and transverse and longitudinal sections of stem, leaf, root, and floral parts (anther, petal, receptacle/bract) were prepared using a hand microtome. Sections were cleared with 10% chloral hydrate. Histochemical reagents included potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), ferric chloride (FeCl3), Lugol’s iodine (I₂+KI), thymol + concentrated H₂SO₄, and methylene blue. Slides were mounted in glycerin and examined under an Olympus light microscope at 40× and 100× magnifications, and images were recorded using a 12 MP digital camera. Results: Leaf: The leaf exhibits a dorsiventral structure with a dense palisade parenchyma on the adaxial side and a loosely arranged spongy mesophyll on the abaxial side. Stomata are hypostomatic, and collenchyma is well developed around the vascular bundles. Histochemical reactions were negative for starch and phenolic compounds. Stem: The stem consists of an epidermis, a wide cortex, a continuous ring of sclerenchyma, 12–15 collateral vascular bundles, and a broad central parenchyma. Histochemical tests showed a brownish-yellow coloration with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), indicating the presence of polyphenols and lignin, and a brown coloration with Lugol’s iodine, confirming the presence of starch. Reactions with ferric chloride (FeCl₃), methylene blue, and thymol + H2SO4 were mostly negative in cross sections. However, in longitudinal sections, Lugol’s and thymol + H2SO4 showed positive reactions, suggesting the presence of starch and polysaccharides, respectively. Root: The root displays a primary structure with radial xylem and phloem, a distinct endodermis with Casparian strips, and a pericycle layer. Positive reactions were observed with K2Cr2O7 and FeCl₃, indicating phenolic compounds and lignin. Lugol’s iodine showed abundant starch granules in parenchyma cells. Receptacle / Bract: The receptacle is covered by a thick cuticular epidermis with trichomes, and composed of outer and central parenchyma layers containing numerous small closed (amphivasal-type) vascular bundles. Positive reactions were detected with K2Cr2O7 and FeCl₃, indicating polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins; Lugol’s iodine confirmed the presence of starch; thymol + H2SO4 showed partial positivity for polysaccharides. Stamen (longitudinal section): The stamen structure includes epidermis, endothecium, pollen sacs, and a distinct vascular bundle. Positive staining was observed with K2Cr2O7, Lugol’s iodine, and FeCl3, confirming the presence of polyphenolic compounds, lignified elements, and starch. Conclusion The anatomical features of G. decumbens indicate adaptations to dry, high-light environments through well-developed mechanical strengthening (sclerenchymatous ring), efficient photosynthetic structure (compact palisade mesophyll), and nutrient storage (starch-rich pith and cortex). Histochemical analysis revealed the localization of polyphenolic compounds and starch/polysaccharides mainly in the root, stem, and floral organs, while absent in the leaves, demonstrating organ-specific accumulation patterns. These findings scientifically support the plant’s traditional medicinal uses for digestive stimulation and hepatoprotection.

In this published case of a male patient B., 53, has some epidemiological specifics. There is transient ischemic attack (TIA) syndrome, particularly while with clear mind there is sudden temporary paralysis of left leg and arm and loss of ability to speak. Temporary refers here to a period of 2-3 minutes after which everything gets back to normal. The incidence occurred again in two days during the medical treatment.MRA test concluded on the presence of obvious stenosis at the beginning part of both sides of a.cerebri media. The mentioned blood vessel pictures were undefined. Hence selected catheter angiography has been done with a purpose to establish the presence of a full occlusion or clogging stenosis in a.cerebri media and to clarify which specific vessels are being mobilized for the collateral supply. This test established that the a.cerebri media had full occlusion on both sides.A duplex sonography conducted in order to clarify characteristics of the clogging (blocking) process concluded the presence of gradual thickening of and blocking in intima (inner wall) of a. carotis interna. Based on these tests we considered that despite the atherosclerosis symptoms (Ischemia in ECG, 20 years of smoking,being male and aged 53, etc), this case had conditions of gradual (slow progressing) arteriopathy. Thus because of the presence in this case simultaneous arteriopathy process (gradually progressing and causing the blocking) in addition to atherosclerosis syndromes we consider it as a Moya-Moya syndrome. The disease of Moya-Moya is mostly found in children and youth and is a unique arteriopathy considered unrelated with atherosclerosis.