Objective To investigate the effects of the culture supernatant of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii(F.prausnitzii)on intestinal barrier function and liver fibrosis progression in mice.Methods A total of 24 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control group(Control),liver fibrosis model group(Model),and model mice+F.prausnitzii supernatant group(Model+S).Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride in both the Model group and the Model+S group over a period of 10 weeks.Following a 2-week modeling period,the mice in the Model+S group were subjected to an 8-week treatment with bacterial supernatant.The colon and liver were analyzed for pathological morphology using HE staining.Additionally,impairment of intestinal barrier function was assessed by periodic acid schiff staining,ELISA,and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-Dextran)fluorescent probe.Changes in the gut microbiota structure were analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing.The degree of liver fibrosis was assessed using sirius red staining,and the expression levels of markers associated with intestinal barrier function,liver fibrosis,and inflammation were measured using qPCR and ELISA.Results Compared with the Model group,the severity of intestinal damage and the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors in the Model+S group were decreased.Additionally,there was a significant increase in the expressions of multiple genes related to intestinal barrier function,as well as a decrease in the concentration of FITC-Dextran in peripheral blood and lipopolysaccharide in the liver(all P＜0.05),and there was an improvement in the composition of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,while the liver function and extent of liver fibrosis in the Model+S group did not show any significant differences compared to the Model group,there was a noticeable decrease in the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the liver.Additionally,the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors such as Tlr4,Il-6 and Tnf-α,and the concentration of IL-6 in the liver was significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The F.prausnitzii supernatant exhibits the potential to enhance intestinal barrier function and rectify gut microbiota imbalance in mice with liver fibrosis,thus reducing hepatic inflammation.However,it does not exert any significant effect on the progression of liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)oligoclonal band(OCB)positivity and clinical manifestations in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients with NMOSD treated at our hospital from May 2019 to January 2024 was conducted.Based on OCB test results,patients were categorized into OCB-positive and OCB-negative groups.We compared baseline characteristics between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between clinical features and OCB positivity.Results This study included a total of 62 patients,comprising 17 in the OCB+group and 45 in the OCB-group.Compared with the OCB-group,patients in the OCB+group exhibited more pronounced central nervous system inflammatory features.Specifically,OCB+group had significantly higher proportions of patients with cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell counts>8×10?/L(64.7%vs.26.7%,P=0.003)and elevated immunoglobulin indices(0.72 vs.0.61,P=0.037).Additionally,the OCB+group exhibited more complex and diverse clinical presentations.Specifically,this group showed a higher incidence of mild consciousness impairment during the acute phase(P=0.005)and a greater tendency to present with multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)occurring concurrently(52.9%vs.20.0%,P=0.025)and misdiagnosis(29.4%vs.8.9%,P=0.101).This was particularly notable when comparing to acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord(82.4%vs.53.3%,P=0.036)and acute diencephalic syndrome[41.2%vs.6.7%,P=0.004,including hyponatremia(35.3%vs.8.9%,P=0.033)].Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that OCB positivity(OR=3.895,95%CI:1.065-14.249)was significantly associated with the presence of multiple core symptoms.Conclusion In acute-phase NMOSD patients,OCB+is associated with significantly higher rates of co-occurrence of multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)and misdiagnosis.Notably,acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord and acute diencephalic clinical syndrome are particularly prevalent in this OCB+subgroup.The clinical manifestations are complex and diverse,suggesting the need for enhanced clinical identification and timely intervention.

Objective To investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)oligoclonal band(OCB)positivity and clinical manifestations in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients with NMOSD treated at our hospital from May 2019 to January 2024 was conducted.Based on OCB test results,patients were categorized into OCB-positive and OCB-negative groups.We compared baseline characteristics between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between clinical features and OCB positivity.Results This study included a total of 62 patients,comprising 17 in the OCB+group and 45 in the OCB-group.Compared with the OCB-group,patients in the OCB+group exhibited more pronounced central nervous system inflammatory features.Specifically,OCB+group had significantly higher proportions of patients with cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell counts>8×10?/L(64.7%vs.26.7%,P=0.003)and elevated immunoglobulin indices(0.72 vs.0.61,P=0.037).Additionally,the OCB+group exhibited more complex and diverse clinical presentations.Specifically,this group showed a higher incidence of mild consciousness impairment during the acute phase(P=0.005)and a greater tendency to present with multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)occurring concurrently(52.9%vs.20.0%,P=0.025)and misdiagnosis(29.4%vs.8.9%,P=0.101).This was particularly notable when comparing to acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord(82.4%vs.53.3%,P=0.036)and acute diencephalic syndrome[41.2%vs.6.7%,P=0.004,including hyponatremia(35.3%vs.8.9%,P=0.033)].Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that OCB positivity(OR=3.895,95%CI:1.065-14.249)was significantly associated with the presence of multiple core symptoms.Conclusion In acute-phase NMOSD patients,OCB+is associated with significantly higher rates of co-occurrence of multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)and misdiagnosis.Notably,acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord and acute diencephalic clinical syndrome are particularly prevalent in this OCB+subgroup.The clinical manifestations are complex and diverse,suggesting the need for enhanced clinical identification and timely intervention.

Objective To investigate the effects of the culture supernatant of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii(F.prausnitzii)on intestinal barrier function and liver fibrosis progression in mice.Methods A total of 24 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control group(Control),liver fibrosis model group(Model),and model mice+F.prausnitzii supernatant group(Model+S).Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride in both the Model group and the Model+S group over a period of 10 weeks.Following a 2-week modeling period,the mice in the Model+S group were subjected to an 8-week treatment with bacterial supernatant.The colon and liver were analyzed for pathological morphology using HE staining.Additionally,impairment of intestinal barrier function was assessed by periodic acid schiff staining,ELISA,and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-Dextran)fluorescent probe.Changes in the gut microbiota structure were analyzed with 16S rDNA sequencing.The degree of liver fibrosis was assessed using sirius red staining,and the expression levels of markers associated with intestinal barrier function,liver fibrosis,and inflammation were measured using qPCR and ELISA.Results Compared with the Model group,the severity of intestinal damage and the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors in the Model+S group were decreased.Additionally,there was a significant increase in the expressions of multiple genes related to intestinal barrier function,as well as a decrease in the concentration of FITC-Dextran in peripheral blood and lipopolysaccharide in the liver(all P＜0.05),and there was an improvement in the composition of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,while the liver function and extent of liver fibrosis in the Model+S group did not show any significant differences compared to the Model group,there was a noticeable decrease in the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the liver.Additionally,the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors such as Tlr4,Il-6 and Tnf-α,and the concentration of IL-6 in the liver was significantly decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The F.prausnitzii supernatant exhibits the potential to enhance intestinal barrier function and rectify gut microbiota imbalance in mice with liver fibrosis,thus reducing hepatic inflammation.However,it does not exert any significant effect on the progression of liver fibrosis.

Objective:To study the sex-related growth difference (SRGD) of embryo morphological parameters and early serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level in single embryo transfer (SET) singleton live birth cycles.Methods:A retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical data of patients with fresh and frozen non-donor, SET, and singleton live birth cycles from January 2020 to December 2022 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Yantaishan Hospital ( n=311), and the neonatal sex group was grouped by gender, with 154 cases in the male infant group and 157 cases in the female infant group. The embryo transfer stage (93 cases in cleavage stage, 218 cases in blastocysts) and embryo quality (250 cases in the good-quality embryo group and 61 cases in the non-good-quality embryo group) were analyzed by subgroup stratification. Univariate and binary logistic/stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze whether there were embryonic morphological parameters and early β-hCG levels in the embryonic development stage and early pregnancy. Results:Univariate analysis showed that the general data matching of patients, such as parents' age, body mass index, embryo transfer stage, embryo quality, insemination method, and cycle type were comparable (all P>0.05). Univariate analysis of sex-related morphological parameters showed that the number of cells on the day 2 (D2) embryo in the male infant group (4.25±0.94) was larger than that in the female infant group (3.98±0.84, P=0.007). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the number of cells on D2 embryo was positively correlated with the number of live-born males ( OR=1.428, 95% CI: 1.052-1.938, P=0.022). Subgroup analysis of blastocysts showed that the number of cells on D2 embryo ( OR=1.522, P=0.021) and blastocyst expansion ( OR=2.969, P=0.029) were positively correlated with live-born males. The early β-hCG level in the male infant group [776.40 (521.95, 1 127.25) U/L] was higher than that in the female infant group [634.60 (425.80, 973.05) U/L, P=0.003], and it was related to the embryo transfer period ( β=0.139, P=0.012) and embryo quality ( β=0.136, P=0.014). In the stratified analysis of different embryo stages and quality subgroups, β-hCG levels in male infant group during the cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, and high-quality embryos [677.20 (462.63, 1 028.50) U/L, 838.30 (557.50, 1 191.00) U/L, 816.00 (563.95, 1 199.75) U/L] were higher than those in female infant group [538.40 (344.80, 804.80) U/L, 724.95 (446.83, 1 016.75) U/L, 651.40 (431.30, 985.73) U/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( P=0.041, P=0.044, P=0.001). Subgroup regression analysis of blastocysts showed that β-hCG level was positively correlated with higher blastocyst expansion ( β=0.162, P=0.010) and higher trophectoderm grade ( β=0.344, P<0.001). Conclusion:In the single live birth cycle of SET, the number of D2 embryo cells and the early β-hCG level of male infants were higher than those of female infants, and the expansion degree of blastocyst is related to sex, and there is SRGD.

Objective:To study the sex-related growth difference (SRGD) of embryo morphological parameters and early serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level in single embryo transfer (SET) singleton live birth cycles.Methods:A retrospective cohort study analyzed the clinical data of patients with fresh and frozen non-donor, SET, and singleton live birth cycles from January 2020 to December 2022 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Yantaishan Hospital ( n=311), and the neonatal sex group was grouped by gender, with 154 cases in the male infant group and 157 cases in the female infant group. The embryo transfer stage (93 cases in cleavage stage, 218 cases in blastocysts) and embryo quality (250 cases in the good-quality embryo group and 61 cases in the non-good-quality embryo group) were analyzed by subgroup stratification. Univariate and binary logistic/stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze whether there were embryonic morphological parameters and early β-hCG levels in the embryonic development stage and early pregnancy. Results:Univariate analysis showed that the general data matching of patients, such as parents' age, body mass index, embryo transfer stage, embryo quality, insemination method, and cycle type were comparable (all P>0.05). Univariate analysis of sex-related morphological parameters showed that the number of cells on the day 2 (D2) embryo in the male infant group (4.25±0.94) was larger than that in the female infant group (3.98±0.84, P=0.007). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the number of cells on D2 embryo was positively correlated with the number of live-born males ( OR=1.428, 95% CI: 1.052-1.938, P=0.022). Subgroup analysis of blastocysts showed that the number of cells on D2 embryo ( OR=1.522, P=0.021) and blastocyst expansion ( OR=2.969, P=0.029) were positively correlated with live-born males. The early β-hCG level in the male infant group [776.40 (521.95, 1 127.25) U/L] was higher than that in the female infant group [634.60 (425.80, 973.05) U/L, P=0.003], and it was related to the embryo transfer period ( β=0.139, P=0.012) and embryo quality ( β=0.136, P=0.014). In the stratified analysis of different embryo stages and quality subgroups, β-hCG levels in male infant group during the cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, and high-quality embryos [677.20 (462.63, 1 028.50) U/L, 838.30 (557.50, 1 191.00) U/L, 816.00 (563.95, 1 199.75) U/L] were higher than those in female infant group [538.40 (344.80, 804.80) U/L, 724.95 (446.83, 1 016.75) U/L, 651.40 (431.30, 985.73) U/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( P=0.041, P=0.044, P=0.001). Subgroup regression analysis of blastocysts showed that β-hCG level was positively correlated with higher blastocyst expansion ( β=0.162, P=0.010) and higher trophectoderm grade ( β=0.344, P<0.001). Conclusion:In the single live birth cycle of SET, the number of D2 embryo cells and the early β-hCG level of male infants were higher than those of female infants, and the expansion degree of blastocyst is related to sex, and there is SRGD.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a dietary and exercise intervention on cognition and behaviors among primary school students, and to further explore the mediating role of family support, in order to provide scientific evidence for future effective intervention strategies. Methods: A dietary and exercise intervention program for childhood obesity prevention was carried out in 24 primary schools in Beijing, Changzhi and Urumqi from 2018 to 2019, and 1 392 children in grade four as well as their parents were included. Family support and children s cognition and behaviors were collected through questionnaire. To carry out diet and exercise behavior intervention on the three levels of school, family and individual in the intervention group,and children s dietary and exercise knowledge, eating habits, physical activities, as well as sedentary and screen behaviors were evaluated. The linear mixed model was used to analyze the effect of intervention on children s cognition and behaviors, and the mediation model was used to explore the role of family support. Results: The proportion of children with higher score of dietary and exercise knowledge ( OR= 2.34 , 95%CI =1.71-3.21), eating habits ( OR=2.58, 95%CI =1.75-3.82), and sedentary and screen behaviors ( OR=1.91, 95%CI =1.35-2.68) increased in the intervention group after one year intervention ( P <0.01), compared with the control group, respectively. The intervention also increased the proportion of children s family support in the intervention group compared with the control group ( OR=3.45, 95%CI =2.19-5.45), and the support from children s fathers ( OR=2.70, 95%CI =1.68-4.35), mothers ( OR=3.71, 95%CI =2.28-6.04), paternal grandmothers ( OR=1.65, 95%CI =1.00-2.70), and maternal grandmothers ( OR= 2.14, 95%CI =2.12-2.16) increased significantly ( P <0.05). The mediation analysis showed that family support played a mediating role in association between comprehensive intervention and children s eating habits as well as sedentary and screen behaviors. Conclusion The dietary and exercise intervention effectively promoted children s cognition and behaviors, and family support played an important mediating role.

Objective: To explore the mediation effect of eating behavior in the personality obesity association, so as to provide scientific evidence for preventing childhood obesity in China. Methods: This study investigated 1 271 children in September 2018 among Beijing, Changzhi and Urumuqi. By used NEO five Factor Inventory to assess characteristics of personality and used Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire to measure eating behaviors in children. Five obesity related indicators [body mass index (BMI), BMI Z score, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body fat percentage] were derived from physical examination. Results: After adjusting for sex, age and region, the standardization scores of conscientiousness were negatively associated with BMI( B= -0.227 , 95%CI =-0.422--0.031), BMI Z score( B=-0.081, 95%CI =-0.158--0.006), waist circumference( B=-0.720, 95%CI = -1.281--0.159), waist to hip ratio( B=-0.004, 95%CI =-0.007--0.001) and body fat percentage ( B=-0.727, 95%CI = -1.293--0.162)( P <0.05). Results from the mediation analysis showed that the associations between conscientiousness and BMI, BMI Z score, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body fat percentage were partly mediated through food responsiveness and emotional eating behaviors; with effects ranged from 27.5%-47.1% and 0.9%-18.0%( P <0.05). Conclusion Conscientiousness is associated with lower risk of childhood obesity and food responsiveness and emotional eating behaviors show mediating effect in the association between childhood personality and obesity. Health education should be carried out in time for children with low conscientiousness in order to prevent the occurrence of obesity in the early stage.

Objective: To analyze the effect of a comprehensive intervention on the accuracy of children s body size perception, so as to provide a theoretical basis for child body size perception improvement. Methods: The participants were selected from a cluster randomized controlled trial (September 2018 to June 2019). A total of 1 287 children in 24 primary schools (clusters) equally distributed among three regions (Beijing, Changzhi and Urumqi) were selected, which included 12 intervention schools (648 students) and 12 control schools (639 students). The accuracy of body size perception was measured by Ma figural stimuli. A linear mixed model was employed to analyze the effect of the comprehensive intervention on the accuracy of children s body size perception. Results: At baseline, the accuracy rate of body size perception among children in the intervention group and the control group was 56.6% and 51.5%, respectively. The underestimation rate was 42.0% and 47.7%, and the overestimation rate was 1.4% and 0.8%. After the intervention, compared with the control group, the inaccuracy rate ( OR=0.50, 95%CI=0.37-0.68, P <0.01) and the underestimation rate in the intervention group decreased ( OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.26-0.54, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the overestimation rate between the two groups( P =0.51). The results of the stratified analysis showed that the intervention could improve the accuracy of children s body size perception, regardless of their gender, nutritional status, region, or whether or not they were only child( P >0.05). Conclusion The inaccuracy rate of children s body size perception, which mainly involved underestimation was high. A comprehensive intervention can effectively reduce body size underestimation and improve the accuracy of children s body size perception.

Objective: To study the compliance and associated factors of smartphone application (APP) usage in childhood dietary and exercise intervention. Methods: Based on one childhood intervention of diet and exercise in Beijing, Changzhi of Shanxi Province and Urumqi of Xinjiang Province, 694 children (and their primary caregivers) in the intervention group were investigated regarding usage of APP during the intervention. Compliance of APP usage was evaluated by the click times of APP, and Logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of the compliance. Results: The median (inter quartile range) click times of APP in the four modules (information dissemination, behavior monitoring, homework uploading and feedback) were 10 (5，21), 20 (14，26), 7(4，10), 26 (15，53), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that compliance of APP usage was higher among subjects in Changzhi region ( OR =1.67，95% CI =1.12-2.48), whose primary caregiver was mother ( OR =1.55，95% CI =1.09-2.22), or whose mother did not work ( OR =0.47， 95% CI =0.31-0.74). Conclusion Compliance of APP usage was generally high in the childhood intervention of diet and exercise. Some factors are associated with compliance of APP usage. Findings of the study provide a scientific basis for better implementation of APP based childhood interventions of diet and exercise in the future.