ObjectiveTo investigate the present situation of input, output, outcome and impact of all registered community-based rehabilitation stations in Inner Mongolia in China, and analyze how the input predict the output, outcome and impact. MethodsFrom March 1st to April 30th, 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted on all registered community-based rehabilitation stations in Inner Mongolia, covering four dimensions: input, output, outcome and impact. A total of 1 365 questionnaires were distributed. The input included four items: laws and policies, human resources, equipment and facilities, and rehabilitation information management. The output included two items: technical paths and benefits/effectiveness. The outcome included three items: coverage rates, rehabilitation interventions and functional results. The impact included two items: health and sustainability. Each item contained several questions, all of which were described in a positive way. Each question was scored from one to five. A lower score indicated that the situation of the community-based rehabilitation station was more in line with the content described in the question. Regression analysis was performed using the total score of each item of input dimension as independent variables, and the total scores of the output, outcome and impact dimensions as dependent variables. ResultsA total of 1 262 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean values of input, output, outcome and impact of community-based rehabilitation stations were 1.827 to 1.904, with coefficient of variation of 45.892% to 49.239%. The regression analysis showed that, rehabilitation information management, human resources, and laws and policies significantly predicted the output dimension (R² = 0.910, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, all four items in the input dimension predicted both the outcome (R² = 0.850, P < 0.001) and impact dimensions (R² = 0.833, P < 0.001). ConclusionInput, output, outcome and impact of the community-based rehabilitation stations in Inner Mongolia were generally in line with the content of the questions, although some imbalances were observed. Additionally, the input of community-based rehabilitation stations could significantly predict their output, outcome and impact.

Objective To understand the changing composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial species in the clinical isolates from outpatient and emergency department(hereinafter referred to as outpatients)and inpatient children over time in various hospitals,and to provide laboratory evidence for rational antibiotic use.Methods The data on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from outpatients and inpatient children in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 278 471 isolates were isolated from pediatric patients in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.About 17.1％of the strains were isolated from outpatients,primarily group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Most of the strains(82.9％)were isolated from inpatients,mainly SS.aureus,E.coli,and H.influenzae.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)in outpatients(24.5％)was lower than that in inpatient children(31.5％).The MRSA isolates from outpatients showed lower resistance rates to the antibiotics tested than the strains isolated from inpatient children.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or E.faecium and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was low in either outpatients or inpatient children.S.pneumoniae,β-hemolytic Streptococcus and S.viridans showed high resistance rates to erythromycin.The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus was higher in outpatients than that in inpatient children.The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae showed an overall upward trend in children,but lower in outpatients(45.1％)than in inpatient children(59.4％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKpn),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPae)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAba)was 14％,11.7％,47.8％in outpatients,but 24.2％,20.6％,and 52.8％in inpatient children,respectively.The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Proteus mirabilis,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains was lower in outpatients than in inpatient children.The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E.coli,ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,ESBLs-producing P.mirabilis,carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREco),CRKpn,and CRPae was lower in children in outpatients than in inpatient children,but the prevalence of CRAba in 2021 was higher than in inpatient children.Conclusions The distribution of clinical isolates from children is different between outpatients and inpatients.The prevalence of MRSA,ESBL,and CRO was higher in inpatient children than in outpatients.Antibiotics should be used rationally in clinical practice based on etiological diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prevention and control of hospital infections are crucial to curbing bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Background:To compare the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists LY01005 and Zoladex ? in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer. Methods:From October 2020 to November 2021, 188 premenopausal breast cancer patients were enrolled in 34 hospitals and randomized 1:1 to receive either LY01005 or Zoladex ? every 28 days for a total of three injections. All patients concomitantly received oral tamoxifen (TAM). The primary efficacy endpoint was cumulative probability of maintaining menopausal level [oestradiol (E2) ≤30 pg/ml] from day 29 to day 85. The second efficacy endpoint included changes in E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with the baseline. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety were analyzed. The study also evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of LY01005. Results:A total of 188 patients were randomised and 187 patients received either LY01005 or Zoladex ?. Cumulative probabilities of maintaining menopausal level (E2≤30 pg/ml) from day 29 to day 85 were 93.1% for LY01005 and 86.3% for Zoladex ?. The between-group difference was 6.8% (95% CI: -2.3%, 15.9%) and primary efficacy in the LY01005 group was not inferior to that in the Zoladex ? group. Changes in E2, LH, and FSH levels compared with the baseline were equivalent between the two groups (E2: 89.34% to 90.23% vs. 82.11% to 85.02%; LH: 88.89% to 95.52% vs. 89.70% to 97.02%; FSH: 75.36% to 80.85% vs.73.07% to 80.24%, respectively). After three consecutive doses of LY01005, the LH and FSH levels of the subjects showed a transient increase after the first dose, reached a peak on the second day and then started to decrease. The LH and FSH reached a lower level and remained at or below that level until the 85th day. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as Zoladex ? in suppressing E2 to menopausal levels in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer, with a similar safety profile.

A chemical investigation of secondary metabolites (SMs) from Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the identification of five novel dioxopiperazine (DKP)-diphenyl ether hybrids, designated as diphenylemestrins A-E (1-5). These compounds 1-5 represent the first known dimers combining DKP and diphenyl ether structures, with compound 4 featuring an uncommon dibenzofuran as the diphenyl ether component. The structural elucidation and determination of absolute stereochemistry were accomplished through spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Notably, diphenylemestrin C (3) exhibited moderate cytostatic activity against NB4 cells, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 21.99 μmol·L^-1, and induced apoptosis at higher concentrations.
Aspergillus nidulans/metabolism* ; Diketopiperazines/pharmacology* ; Molecular Structure ; Phenyl Ethers/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor

Objective:To explore the characteristics of systemic immune microenvironment during the progression of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced acute ulcerative colitis(UC)induced in mice by Mass cytometry(CyTOF).Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and model group.The control group was given normal drinking water for 15 d.The mouse in the model group were given 5%DSS in drinking water,which was changed to normal drinking water after 7 days.In the model group,peripheral blood was collected on days 4,9 and 15,respectively.CyTOF was used to detect the expressions of 33 immune cell markers and changes in cell subsets in peripheral blood of mice,and the characteristics of systemic immune microenvironment in mice with acute UC were analyzed.Results:The cluster analysis of 33 kinds of immune cell markers showed that CD45+cells in peripheral blood of mice with DSS induced acute UC were divided into 23 fine subgroups,among which the proportions of B cell subgroup,T cell subgroup and neutrophil subgroup showed significant changes.A further dimensional reduction cluster analysis of T cell subsets found significant differences in the composition and proportion of the 10 identified T cell subsets.Conclusion:The systemic immune micro-environment map of mice with acute UC induced by DSS has been successfully constructed,and heterogeneity has been found in the systemic immune microenvironment of mice with acute UC.The changes and activation degree of T cell subpopulations are closely re-lated to disease progression and inflammation level.The results of this study provide theoretical basis for assisting the diagnosis,moni-toring the risk,progression,treatment and prognosis of acute UC.

Objective:To investigate the age-specific distribution characteristics of plantar pressure parameters in healthy children aged 3-12 years.Methods:This cross-sectional study retrieved data from the hospital information system in January 2025 for 272 children aged 3-12 years who underwent physical examinations and voluntarily completed plantar pressure analysis at Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July 2022 to December 2024. Demographic and clinical data, including anthropometric measurements (height and weight), flatfoot diagnosis and plantar pressure parameters (maximum pressure, time to maximum force, and contact time percentage in bilateral forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot) were recorded. Participants were categorized into 3 age groups (3-6 years, 7-9 years, and 10-12 years) and were grouped by gender as well. Intergroup comparisons used one-way ANOVA or least-significant difference test or χ2 tests. Spearman′s rank correlation assessed the relationship between flatfoot prevalence and age. Results:Among 272 children (143 boys, 129 girls), age groups comprised 3-6 years (118 children, 64 boys and 54 girls), 7-9 years (96 children, 49 boys and 47 girls), and 10-12 years (58 children, 30 boys and 28 girls). Flatfoot prevalence was higher in boys than in that of girls (41.3% (59/143) vs. 28.7% (37/129), χ2=4.70, P=0.030), and negatively correlated with age ( r=-0.21, P<0.001). There all had statistically differences in the maximum pressure values of the bilateral forefoot and hindfoot among the 3 age groups (all P<0.001), and after pairwise comparison, those of the group of aged 3-6 years were all the lowest, and those of the group of aged 10-12 years were all the highest (all P<0.05). The maximum pressure values of bilateral midfoot in the group of aged 10-12 years were all higher than those of the other two groups (all P<0.001). There had no statistically differences in the time maximum force value of the bilateral forefoot among the 3 age groups (all P>0.05). The time maximum force values of bilateral midfoot in the group of aged 3-6 years were all lower than those of the other two groups (all P<0.05). There all had statistically differences in the time maximum force value of the bilateral hindfoot among the 3 age groups (all P<0.001), and after pairwise comparison, those of the group of aged 3-6 years were all the lowest, and those of the group of aged 10-12 years were all the highest (all P<0.05). There all had statistically differences in the contact time percentage values of the bilateral forefoot among the 3 age groups (all P<0.001), and after pairwise comparison, those of the group of aged 3-6 years were all the lowest, and those of the group of aged 10-12 years were all the highest (all P<0.05). There had no statistically differences in the contact time percentage values of the bilateral midfoot among the 3 age groups (all P>0.05). There all had statistically differences in the contact time percentage values of the bilateral hindfoot among the 3 age groups (all P<0.001), and after pairwise comparison, those of the group of aged 3-6 years were all lower than those of the other two groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Plantar pressure parameters exhibit distinct age-related patterns, reflecting the development of gait patterns and foot arch formation, which will be useful for monitoring physical growth and sports rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of DSA-guided continuous radiofrequency ablation(CRF)and high-voltage,long-duration pulsed radiofrequency(HL-PRF)of ganglia impar in treating perineal pain in patients with rectal cancer.Methods This study is a single-center,randomized,active-controlled,double-blind trial that included 57 rectal cancer patients with perineal pain.At a 1∶1 ratio,the patients were randomly divided into CRF group(n=28)and HL-PRF group(n=29).The primary outcome indicators were the pain numerical rating scale(NRS)scores determined at the preoperative(T0),postoperative 24 h(T1),one week(T2),one month(T3),3 months(T4)and 6 months(T5)time-points.The secondary outcome indicators included the sitting time at T0,T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 time-points,the 9-item patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)score,the pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)score,the postoperative oral morphine dosage,and the incidence of perineal numbness.Results Compared with the value at T0 time-point,in both groups the NRS score,PHQ-9 score and PSQI score at T1-T5 time-points were significantly decreased,while the sitting time become remarkably increased(all P＜0.05).No statistically significant differences in postoperative oral morphine dosage and incidence of perineal numbness existed between the two groups(both P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in NRS score,PHQ-9 score and PSQI score,sitting time and oral morphine dosage at T1,T2,T3 time-points between CRF group and HL-PRF group(all P＞0.05),while at T4 and T5 time-points the NRS score,PHQ-9 score and PSQI score in HL-PRF group were significantly higher than those in CRF group(all P＜0.05),and the sitting time in HL-PRF group was strikingly lower than that in CRF group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both CRF and HL-PRF of ganglion impar can alleviate perineal pain in patients with advanced rectal cancer and improve the quality of life of patients.CRF is superior to HL-PRF in the long-term efficacy.

Objective To investigate changes in gut microbiota during diabetic nephropathy(DN)pro-gression using 16S rDNA sequencing technology.Methods A total of 90 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group(n=10,no modeling,regular feeding)and a model group(diabetes model).The diabetes model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)at 60 mg/kg,with regular feeding.According to the feeding time after modeling,the rats were divided into 2-week,4-week,8-week,and 12-week model groups(fed for 2,4,8,and 12 weeks after model establishment),with 20 rats in each group.Blood urea nitrogen(BUN)was measured using the urease method,serum creatinine(Scr)was deter-mined by the picric acid method,and ELISA was used to detect urinary kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1)and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)levels.HE,PAS,and Masson staining were used to observe renal tissue pathological changes.Gut microbiota was collected from the rats,and 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota to understand changes in the gut microbiota.Results Compared with the normal control group,the levels of KIM-1 and NGAL in urine of rats in all model groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Pathological staining results showed that,compared with the normal control group,rats in all model groups exhibited diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and pathological chan-ges such as local necrosis and vacuolar degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells.16S rDNA sequencing re-sults indicated that the abundance and structure of intestinal microbiota in rats of all model groups changed.Compared with the normal control group,in the 8-week and 12-week model groups,the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Akkermansia decreased,while the relative abundance of Roseburia,Alloprevotella,Prevotel-laceae-Ga6A1,and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 increased.Compared with the normal control group,in the 12-week model group,the abundance of Akkermansia decreased and that of Prevotellaceae-NK3B31 increased.Conclusion The abundance and structure of gut microbial community in DN rats under conventional feeding at different time points change significantly,further confirming the"gut-kidney axis"theory.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease, and extracranial-intracranial revascularization is the most commonly treatment for MMD. With the continuous development of imaging techniques, the perioperative monitoring methods for MMD patients have gradually become more diverse. However, Doppler ultrasound still holds an important position due to its convenience and non-invasiveness. This article reviews the role of Doppler ultrasound in the perioperative assessment of patients with MMD.