Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs (Eff-iEC) has emerged. This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), including Biejiajian Pill (BP), Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP), Biejia Ruangan Compound (BRC), Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FHC), Anluo Huaxian Pill (AHP), and Heluo Shugan Capsule (HSC), using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents. Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system, while the assessments for others varied. Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs, exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities. By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation, Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs, providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making, new drug evaluations, and health policy formulation.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform-heated needle stimulation on myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)based on the"pivot mechanism"theory in treating neck-shoulder myofascial pain syndrome(MPS).Methods Sixty-four patients diagnosed with neck-shoulder MPS from the Acupuncture Department(inpatient and outpatient)of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Dongguan Hospital between January 2023 and September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 32 cases per group.The control group received oral administration of Celecoxib Capsules,while the observation group received additional filiform-heated needle therapy.The treatment duration was 2 weeks and 1 course per week.Clinical efficacy was evaluated after 2 weeks,with observing the changes in the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ)scores,Neck Disability Index(NDI)scores.The cervical range of motion(ROM)was compared between the two groups.Results(1)After treatment,the SF-MPQ scores of the two groups of patients were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the SF-MPQ scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the NDI scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the NDI scores,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the cervical joint mobility of patients in the two groups was significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving cervical joint mobility,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(4)The total effective rate was 96.88%(31/32)in the observation group and 84.38%(27/32)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Filiform-heated needle stimulation on MTrPs based on the"pivot mechanism"theory significantly alleviates pain,improves soft tissue injury,and enhances neck-shoulder mobility in patients with neck-shoulder MPS,demonstrating remarkable clinical efficacy.

[Objective]To summarize the theoretical viewpoints and therapeutic applications of Professor FU Wenbin in the treatment of persistent somatoform pain disorder(PSPD).[Methods]By following the teacher's clinical evidence,organizing medical cases and combining with literature search,this article analyzed and summarized Professor FU's identification ideas and clinical experience in treating PSPD by using the integrated acupuncture model with a medical case attached.[Results]Professor FU believes that the disease is the result of the joint influence of emotional factors and body meridians Qi and blood lesions,which belongs to"pain caused by Qi injury".The diagnosis and treatment concepts of"soothing the liver"and"regulating the mind"are also emphasized,as well as the combination of"acupuncture at the top priority,followed by moxibustion and consolidation at the end"integration of acupuncture and moxibustion mode of treatment.This article cites the case of a female patient with long-term lower abdominal distension and pain to detail the application of therapies.The pain was the main symptom associated with emotional effects,mostly due to the meridian Qi and blood stagnation,so it took acupuncture for"soothing the liver and regulating the mind"as the key rule of treatment.In the operation of acupuncture,Professor FU suggested the need to pay attention to patient's mind,to enter and exit the needle slowly,and to cross-reference the pulse with the symptoms.The selection of acupuncture points emphasized the elevation and harmonization of Qi and blood.Acupuncture,moxibustion,bloodletting and intradermal needle embedding and other traditional Chinese medicine special therapy treatments were used to treat PSPD.[Conclusion]Professor FU's treatment of PSPD focuses on"soothing the liver and regulating the mind",treating the mind and body together,and using acupuncture and moxibustion to achieve good clinical efficacy.The experience can also provide ideas for the treatment of psychosomatic diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion,which is worthwhile to learn from in the clinic.

Essential oils (EOs) are natural, volatile substances derived from aromatic plants. They exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, with broad application prospects in health care, food, and agriculture. However, the instability of volatile components, which are susceptible to deterioration under light, heat, and oxygen exposure, as well as limited water solubility, have significantly impeded the development and application of EOs. Porous nanoclays are natural clay minerals with a layered structure. They possess unique structural characteristics such as large pore size, regular distribution, and tunable particle size, which are extensively utilized in drug delivery, adsorption separation, reaction catalysis, and other fields. Natural-derived porous nanoclays have garnered considerable attention for the encapsulation and delivery of EOs. This review comprehensively summarizes the structure, types, and properties of natural-derived porous nanoclays, focusing on the structural characteristics of porous nanoclays such as montmorillonite, palygorskite, halloysite, kaolinite, vermiculite, and natural zeolite. It also examines research advances in their delivery of EOs and explores engineering strategies to enhance the delivery of EOs by natural-derived porous nanoclays. Finally, various applications of natural-derived porous nanoclays for EOs in antibacterial, food preservation, repellent, and insecticide aspects are presented, providing a reference for the development and application of EOs.
Humans ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage* ; Porosity ; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System/chemistry*

Objective: To investigate the effect of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) on the mitochondrial mass in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and the potential mechanisms. Methods: Highly differentiated PC12 cells were divided into control, 1, 10 or 20 μmol/L PBDE-47-treated groups and cultured for 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe the changes in mitochondrial morphology and quantity in PC12 cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure the fluorescence intensity of Nonyl Acridine Orange (NAO) , a fluorescent indicator of mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin, to reflect mitochondria mass. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of Mitofusion 1 (Mfn1) and Fission 1 (Fis1) proteins. To further explore the role of abnormal mitochondrial fusion and fission in PBDE-47-induced mitochondrial mass changes, PC12 cells were divided into control group, 5 μmol/L M1 treatment group, 20 μmol/L PBDE-47 treatment group and 5 μmol/L M1+20 μmol/L PBDE-47 combined treatment group and cultured for 24 h, then the fluorescence intensity of NAO and expression levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins were detected. Results: The control group showed numerous mitochondria with normal morphology, while the number of mitochondria decreased after PBDE-47 treatment. Especially, the disappeared cristae, swelling and vacuoles of mitochondria and decreased fluorescence intensity of NAO (P<0.05) were observed in 10 and 20 μmol/L PBDE-47-treated groups. Meanwhile, the expression levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins in the 10 and 20 μmol/L PBDE-47-treated groups were significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05) . However, 5 μmol/L M1 co-treatment with 20 μmol/L PBDE-47 significantly increased the levels of Mfn1 and Fis1 proteins and fluorescence intensity of NAO compared with the 20 μmol/L PBDE-47 group (P<0.05) . Conclusion PBDE-47 can inhibit the mitochondrial fusion and fission process, thus leading to damage of mitochondria mass in PC12 cells.

Objective To observe the effect of myocardial transcription factor MRTF-A on myocardium inflammation and its mechanism.Methods Totally 30 rats were randomly divided into the sham,ischemia-reperfusion (myocardial ischemia 30 min and reperfusion 2 h),and MRTF-A groups(myocardial ischemia 30 min and reperfusion 2 h & Lentivirus infection MRTF-A) (n=10 each group).Serum myocardial enzyme activity was detected by biochemical analysis,myocardial infarct size detected by TTC,and degree of myocardial injury was measured by HE staining.The TLR4 and TRIF expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qPCR.Results Compared with the sham group,the MRTF-A group significantly increased the activity of serum myocardial enzymes CK-MB and LDH (P＜0.05).The infarct area of myocardial tissue was gray-white,and the infarct area was (54.31±3.07)％ (P ＜ 0.05).Myocardial fibrosis was disorder,myocardial cell was swollen and burst,and inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious.Protein and mRNA expressions of TRL4 and TRIF were significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05).Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group,the levels of CK-MB and LDH were significantly reduced after myocardial infection with MRTF-A (P＜0.05).The myocardial infarction area was significantly reduced to (16.74±4.26)％ (P＜ 0.05).The myocardial structure was nearly normal with mild edema.Protein and mRNA expression of TRL4 and TRIF decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusions The overexpression of transcription factor MRTF-A in myocardial cells alleviates the myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/TRIF signaling pathway and reducing the serum myocardial enzyme activity and myocardial damage.

Objective To acquire the basic information on diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy institutions and the frequency of medical radiation of Hebei province in 2016.Methods A survey was made using questionnaires for basic information on medical X-ray diagnosis,interventional radiology,radiotherapy and clinical nuclear medicine.Values of frequencies were derived for each type of medical X-ray procedure by dividing the total population.Results In 2016 there were 2 951 institutions at province level and 6 966 pieces of equipment involved in diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy treatments.Frequency values were estimated to be 379.25 examinations per 1 000 population in medical X-ay diagnosis,2.31 per 1 000 in interventional radiology,0.55 per 1 000 in radiotherapy and 1.65 per 1 000 in clinical nuclear medicine.The frequency for CT examination was 136.39 per 1 000,accounting for 36％ of the total frequencies in the province,with average annual growth rate of 12.4％.The highest value of frequency in clinical nuclear medicine was from Shijiazhuang among all types of medical procedures in different regions,11 times higher than the lowest value found in Hengshui city.Although the number of tertiary hospitals only accounted for 2.3％ of the total number of institutions,they contributed 25.5％,by examination number,of the medical X-ray diagnosis and 35.3％ of the CT examination.Interventional radiology and radiotherapy contributed more than 70％ of the total frequencies in the province,and clinical nuclear medicine was as high as 97.7％.Conclusions The basic information on diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy institutions and the frequency of medical procedures in Hebei in 2016 have been preliminarily made clear.Medical exposure could maintain a long-term growth trend.The frequency distribution of medical procedures in various regions and medical institutions is highly unbalanced.It is desirable to enhance the macroeconomic regulation and the management of medical radiation protection in order to rationally perform all types of diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy treatments to protect the health and safety of the patients and the examined individuals,and to promote the sustainable development of the health care services.

Objective: To explore the role of mitochondrial biogenesis and the neuroprotective mechanism of resveratrol in fluoride neurotoxicity. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells in exponential phase were treated with different concentrations (20, 40, 60 mg/L) of sodium fluoride (NaF) for 24 h. Co-treatment with 60 mg/L NaF, 20 μmol/L resveratrol (RSV) was administrated in the resveratrol intervene trial. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis key regulating factor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) , nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in SH-SY5Y cells. The mRNA levels of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM were determined by Quantitative Real-time PCR in SH-SY5Y cells, as well as the relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents and mRNA expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes subunit CO1 and ATP8. Flow cytometry was used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells. Results: Both the protein and mRNA levels of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM were decresed after 60 mg/L NaF treatment in SH-SY5Y cells (P<0.05) . The relative mtDNA contents and mRNA expression of complexes subunit CO1 and ATP8 were also significantly decreased compared with control (P<0.05) . Mitochondrial membrane potential were also significantly decreased after 60 mg/L NaF treatment in SH-SY5Y cells (P<0.05) . Compared with 60 mg/L NaF group, the protein and mRNA levels of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM in 20 μmol/L RSV+60 mg/L NaF group were significantly increased (P<0.05) . The relative mtDNA contents, mitochondrial membrane potential and mRNA levels of complexes subunit CO1 and ATP8 in 20 μmol/L RSV+60 mg/L NaF group were also significantly higher than that in 60 mg/L NaF group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Resveratrol may alleviate the fluoride-induced mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells.

Surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs) for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption–desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity (13.5μg/mg), high recognition ability (the imprinted factor is 3.2) and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of ampicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1%to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.

Objective To summarize the assessment standards of organ donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor lungs application and donor lung function maintenance experience.Method From Jan.2013 to June 2015,139 cases of DCD donors were subjected to rigorous assessment and effective donor lung function maintenance,and 11 donor lungs for lung transplantation were obtained.The donor lung cold ischemia time was (526.8-± 12.6) min (312 to 675 min).Double lung transplantation was performed on 9 cases,and 2 cases received single lung transplantation.Result Perioperatively,1 lung transplant recipient died of pulmonary infection.The survived 10 recipients had no rejection after operation,and obtained good quality of life during discharge to the final follow-up.Condusion The effect of donor lung transplantation using organ donation is satisfactory.The assessment standards and functional maintenance of donor lung are important factors to guarantee the success of lung transplantation.