1.International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR): 2017–2024 Status and Progress Update
Désirée LARENAS-LINNEMANN ; Chin Kook RHEE ; Alan ALTRAJA ; John BUSBY ; Trung N. TRAN ; Eileen WANG ; Todor A. POPOV ; Patrick D. MITCHELL ; Paul E. PFEFFER ; Roy Alton PLEASANTS ; Rohit KATIAL ; Mariko Siyue KOH ; Arnaud BOURDIN ; Florence SCHLEICH ; Jorge MÁSPERO ; Mark HEW ; Matthew J. PETERS ; David J. JACKSON ; George C. CHRISTOFF ; Luis PEREZ-DE-LLANO ; Ivan CHERREZ- OJEDA ; João A. FONSECA ; Richard W. COSTELLO ; Carlos A. TORRES-DUQUE ; Piotr KUNA ; Andrew N. MENZIES-GOW ; Neda STJEPANOVIC ; Peter G. GIBSON ; Paulo Márcio PITREZ ; Celine BERGERON ; Celeste M. PORSBJERG ; Camille TAILLÉ ; Christian TAUBE ; Nikolaos G. PAPADOPOULOS ; Andriana I. PAPAIOANNOU ; Sundeep SALVI ; Giorgio Walter CANONICA ; Enrico HEFFLER ; Takashi IWANAGA ; Mona S. AL-AHMAD ; Sverre LEHMANN ; Riyad AL-LEHEBI ; Borja G. COSIO ; Diahn-Warng PERNG ; Bassam MAHBOUB ; Liam G. HEANEY ; Pujan H. PATEL ; Njira LUGOGO ; Michael E. WECHSLER ; Lakmini BULATHSINHALA ; Victoria CARTER ; Kirsty FLETTON ; David L. NEIL ; Ghislaine SCELO ; David B. PRICE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2025;88(2):193-215
The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) was established in 2017 to advance the understanding of severe asthma and its management, thereby improving patient care worldwide. As the first global registry for adults with severe asthma, ISAR enabled individual registries to standardize and pool their data, creating a comprehensive, harmonized dataset with sufficient statistical power to address key research questions and knowledge gaps. Today, ISAR is the largest repository of real-world data on severe asthma, curating data on nearly 35,000 patients from 28 countries worldwide, and has become a leading contributor to severe asthma research. Research using ISAR data has provided valuable insights on the characteristics of severe asthma, its burdens and risk factors, real-world treatment effectiveness, and barriers to specialist care, which are collectively informing improved asthma management. Besides changing clinical thinking via research, ISAR aims to advance real-world practice through initiatives that improve registry data quality and severe asthma care. In 2024, ISAR refined essential research variables to enhance data quality and launched a web-based data acquisition and reporting system (QISAR), which integrates data collection with clinical consultations and enables longitudinal data tracking at patient, center, and population levels. Quality improvement priorities include collecting standardized data during consultations and tracking and optimizing patient journeys via QISAR and integrating primary/secondary care pathways to expedite specialist severe asthma management and facilitate clinical trial recruitment. ISAR envisions a future in which timely specialist referral and initiation of biologic therapy can obviate long-term systemic corticosteroid use and enable more patients to achieve remission.
2.International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR): 2017–2024 Status and Progress Update
Désirée LARENAS-LINNEMANN ; Chin Kook RHEE ; Alan ALTRAJA ; John BUSBY ; Trung N. TRAN ; Eileen WANG ; Todor A. POPOV ; Patrick D. MITCHELL ; Paul E. PFEFFER ; Roy Alton PLEASANTS ; Rohit KATIAL ; Mariko Siyue KOH ; Arnaud BOURDIN ; Florence SCHLEICH ; Jorge MÁSPERO ; Mark HEW ; Matthew J. PETERS ; David J. JACKSON ; George C. CHRISTOFF ; Luis PEREZ-DE-LLANO ; Ivan CHERREZ- OJEDA ; João A. FONSECA ; Richard W. COSTELLO ; Carlos A. TORRES-DUQUE ; Piotr KUNA ; Andrew N. MENZIES-GOW ; Neda STJEPANOVIC ; Peter G. GIBSON ; Paulo Márcio PITREZ ; Celine BERGERON ; Celeste M. PORSBJERG ; Camille TAILLÉ ; Christian TAUBE ; Nikolaos G. PAPADOPOULOS ; Andriana I. PAPAIOANNOU ; Sundeep SALVI ; Giorgio Walter CANONICA ; Enrico HEFFLER ; Takashi IWANAGA ; Mona S. AL-AHMAD ; Sverre LEHMANN ; Riyad AL-LEHEBI ; Borja G. COSIO ; Diahn-Warng PERNG ; Bassam MAHBOUB ; Liam G. HEANEY ; Pujan H. PATEL ; Njira LUGOGO ; Michael E. WECHSLER ; Lakmini BULATHSINHALA ; Victoria CARTER ; Kirsty FLETTON ; David L. NEIL ; Ghislaine SCELO ; David B. PRICE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2025;88(2):193-215
The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) was established in 2017 to advance the understanding of severe asthma and its management, thereby improving patient care worldwide. As the first global registry for adults with severe asthma, ISAR enabled individual registries to standardize and pool their data, creating a comprehensive, harmonized dataset with sufficient statistical power to address key research questions and knowledge gaps. Today, ISAR is the largest repository of real-world data on severe asthma, curating data on nearly 35,000 patients from 28 countries worldwide, and has become a leading contributor to severe asthma research. Research using ISAR data has provided valuable insights on the characteristics of severe asthma, its burdens and risk factors, real-world treatment effectiveness, and barriers to specialist care, which are collectively informing improved asthma management. Besides changing clinical thinking via research, ISAR aims to advance real-world practice through initiatives that improve registry data quality and severe asthma care. In 2024, ISAR refined essential research variables to enhance data quality and launched a web-based data acquisition and reporting system (QISAR), which integrates data collection with clinical consultations and enables longitudinal data tracking at patient, center, and population levels. Quality improvement priorities include collecting standardized data during consultations and tracking and optimizing patient journeys via QISAR and integrating primary/secondary care pathways to expedite specialist severe asthma management and facilitate clinical trial recruitment. ISAR envisions a future in which timely specialist referral and initiation of biologic therapy can obviate long-term systemic corticosteroid use and enable more patients to achieve remission.
3.International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR): 2017–2024 Status and Progress Update
Désirée LARENAS-LINNEMANN ; Chin Kook RHEE ; Alan ALTRAJA ; John BUSBY ; Trung N. TRAN ; Eileen WANG ; Todor A. POPOV ; Patrick D. MITCHELL ; Paul E. PFEFFER ; Roy Alton PLEASANTS ; Rohit KATIAL ; Mariko Siyue KOH ; Arnaud BOURDIN ; Florence SCHLEICH ; Jorge MÁSPERO ; Mark HEW ; Matthew J. PETERS ; David J. JACKSON ; George C. CHRISTOFF ; Luis PEREZ-DE-LLANO ; Ivan CHERREZ- OJEDA ; João A. FONSECA ; Richard W. COSTELLO ; Carlos A. TORRES-DUQUE ; Piotr KUNA ; Andrew N. MENZIES-GOW ; Neda STJEPANOVIC ; Peter G. GIBSON ; Paulo Márcio PITREZ ; Celine BERGERON ; Celeste M. PORSBJERG ; Camille TAILLÉ ; Christian TAUBE ; Nikolaos G. PAPADOPOULOS ; Andriana I. PAPAIOANNOU ; Sundeep SALVI ; Giorgio Walter CANONICA ; Enrico HEFFLER ; Takashi IWANAGA ; Mona S. AL-AHMAD ; Sverre LEHMANN ; Riyad AL-LEHEBI ; Borja G. COSIO ; Diahn-Warng PERNG ; Bassam MAHBOUB ; Liam G. HEANEY ; Pujan H. PATEL ; Njira LUGOGO ; Michael E. WECHSLER ; Lakmini BULATHSINHALA ; Victoria CARTER ; Kirsty FLETTON ; David L. NEIL ; Ghislaine SCELO ; David B. PRICE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2025;88(2):193-215
The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) was established in 2017 to advance the understanding of severe asthma and its management, thereby improving patient care worldwide. As the first global registry for adults with severe asthma, ISAR enabled individual registries to standardize and pool their data, creating a comprehensive, harmonized dataset with sufficient statistical power to address key research questions and knowledge gaps. Today, ISAR is the largest repository of real-world data on severe asthma, curating data on nearly 35,000 patients from 28 countries worldwide, and has become a leading contributor to severe asthma research. Research using ISAR data has provided valuable insights on the characteristics of severe asthma, its burdens and risk factors, real-world treatment effectiveness, and barriers to specialist care, which are collectively informing improved asthma management. Besides changing clinical thinking via research, ISAR aims to advance real-world practice through initiatives that improve registry data quality and severe asthma care. In 2024, ISAR refined essential research variables to enhance data quality and launched a web-based data acquisition and reporting system (QISAR), which integrates data collection with clinical consultations and enables longitudinal data tracking at patient, center, and population levels. Quality improvement priorities include collecting standardized data during consultations and tracking and optimizing patient journeys via QISAR and integrating primary/secondary care pathways to expedite specialist severe asthma management and facilitate clinical trial recruitment. ISAR envisions a future in which timely specialist referral and initiation of biologic therapy can obviate long-term systemic corticosteroid use and enable more patients to achieve remission.
4.International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR): 2017–2024 Status and Progress Update
Désirée LARENAS-LINNEMANN ; Chin Kook RHEE ; Alan ALTRAJA ; John BUSBY ; Trung N. TRAN ; Eileen WANG ; Todor A. POPOV ; Patrick D. MITCHELL ; Paul E. PFEFFER ; Roy Alton PLEASANTS ; Rohit KATIAL ; Mariko Siyue KOH ; Arnaud BOURDIN ; Florence SCHLEICH ; Jorge MÁSPERO ; Mark HEW ; Matthew J. PETERS ; David J. JACKSON ; George C. CHRISTOFF ; Luis PEREZ-DE-LLANO ; Ivan CHERREZ- OJEDA ; João A. FONSECA ; Richard W. COSTELLO ; Carlos A. TORRES-DUQUE ; Piotr KUNA ; Andrew N. MENZIES-GOW ; Neda STJEPANOVIC ; Peter G. GIBSON ; Paulo Márcio PITREZ ; Celine BERGERON ; Celeste M. PORSBJERG ; Camille TAILLÉ ; Christian TAUBE ; Nikolaos G. PAPADOPOULOS ; Andriana I. PAPAIOANNOU ; Sundeep SALVI ; Giorgio Walter CANONICA ; Enrico HEFFLER ; Takashi IWANAGA ; Mona S. AL-AHMAD ; Sverre LEHMANN ; Riyad AL-LEHEBI ; Borja G. COSIO ; Diahn-Warng PERNG ; Bassam MAHBOUB ; Liam G. HEANEY ; Pujan H. PATEL ; Njira LUGOGO ; Michael E. WECHSLER ; Lakmini BULATHSINHALA ; Victoria CARTER ; Kirsty FLETTON ; David L. NEIL ; Ghislaine SCELO ; David B. PRICE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2025;88(2):193-215
The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) was established in 2017 to advance the understanding of severe asthma and its management, thereby improving patient care worldwide. As the first global registry for adults with severe asthma, ISAR enabled individual registries to standardize and pool their data, creating a comprehensive, harmonized dataset with sufficient statistical power to address key research questions and knowledge gaps. Today, ISAR is the largest repository of real-world data on severe asthma, curating data on nearly 35,000 patients from 28 countries worldwide, and has become a leading contributor to severe asthma research. Research using ISAR data has provided valuable insights on the characteristics of severe asthma, its burdens and risk factors, real-world treatment effectiveness, and barriers to specialist care, which are collectively informing improved asthma management. Besides changing clinical thinking via research, ISAR aims to advance real-world practice through initiatives that improve registry data quality and severe asthma care. In 2024, ISAR refined essential research variables to enhance data quality and launched a web-based data acquisition and reporting system (QISAR), which integrates data collection with clinical consultations and enables longitudinal data tracking at patient, center, and population levels. Quality improvement priorities include collecting standardized data during consultations and tracking and optimizing patient journeys via QISAR and integrating primary/secondary care pathways to expedite specialist severe asthma management and facilitate clinical trial recruitment. ISAR envisions a future in which timely specialist referral and initiation of biologic therapy can obviate long-term systemic corticosteroid use and enable more patients to achieve remission.
5.International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR): 2017–2024 Status and Progress Update
Désirée LARENAS-LINNEMANN ; Chin Kook RHEE ; Alan ALTRAJA ; John BUSBY ; Trung N. TRAN ; Eileen WANG ; Todor A. POPOV ; Patrick D. MITCHELL ; Paul E. PFEFFER ; Roy Alton PLEASANTS ; Rohit KATIAL ; Mariko Siyue KOH ; Arnaud BOURDIN ; Florence SCHLEICH ; Jorge MÁSPERO ; Mark HEW ; Matthew J. PETERS ; David J. JACKSON ; George C. CHRISTOFF ; Luis PEREZ-DE-LLANO ; Ivan CHERREZ- OJEDA ; João A. FONSECA ; Richard W. COSTELLO ; Carlos A. TORRES-DUQUE ; Piotr KUNA ; Andrew N. MENZIES-GOW ; Neda STJEPANOVIC ; Peter G. GIBSON ; Paulo Márcio PITREZ ; Celine BERGERON ; Celeste M. PORSBJERG ; Camille TAILLÉ ; Christian TAUBE ; Nikolaos G. PAPADOPOULOS ; Andriana I. PAPAIOANNOU ; Sundeep SALVI ; Giorgio Walter CANONICA ; Enrico HEFFLER ; Takashi IWANAGA ; Mona S. AL-AHMAD ; Sverre LEHMANN ; Riyad AL-LEHEBI ; Borja G. COSIO ; Diahn-Warng PERNG ; Bassam MAHBOUB ; Liam G. HEANEY ; Pujan H. PATEL ; Njira LUGOGO ; Michael E. WECHSLER ; Lakmini BULATHSINHALA ; Victoria CARTER ; Kirsty FLETTON ; David L. NEIL ; Ghislaine SCELO ; David B. PRICE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2025;88(2):193-215
The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) was established in 2017 to advance the understanding of severe asthma and its management, thereby improving patient care worldwide. As the first global registry for adults with severe asthma, ISAR enabled individual registries to standardize and pool their data, creating a comprehensive, harmonized dataset with sufficient statistical power to address key research questions and knowledge gaps. Today, ISAR is the largest repository of real-world data on severe asthma, curating data on nearly 35,000 patients from 28 countries worldwide, and has become a leading contributor to severe asthma research. Research using ISAR data has provided valuable insights on the characteristics of severe asthma, its burdens and risk factors, real-world treatment effectiveness, and barriers to specialist care, which are collectively informing improved asthma management. Besides changing clinical thinking via research, ISAR aims to advance real-world practice through initiatives that improve registry data quality and severe asthma care. In 2024, ISAR refined essential research variables to enhance data quality and launched a web-based data acquisition and reporting system (QISAR), which integrates data collection with clinical consultations and enables longitudinal data tracking at patient, center, and population levels. Quality improvement priorities include collecting standardized data during consultations and tracking and optimizing patient journeys via QISAR and integrating primary/secondary care pathways to expedite specialist severe asthma management and facilitate clinical trial recruitment. ISAR envisions a future in which timely specialist referral and initiation of biologic therapy can obviate long-term systemic corticosteroid use and enable more patients to achieve remission.
6.Imaging poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) in vivo with 18F-labeled brain penetrant positron emission tomography (PET) ligand.
Xin ZHOU ; Jiahui CHEN ; Jimmy S PATEL ; Wenqing RAN ; Yinlong LI ; Richard S VAN ; Mostafa M H IBRAHIM ; Chunyu ZHAO ; Yabiao GAO ; Jian RONG ; Ahmad F CHAUDHARY ; Guocong LI ; Junqi HU ; April T DAVENPORT ; James B DAUNAIS ; Yihan SHAO ; Chongzhao RAN ; Thomas L COLLIER ; Achi HAIDER ; David M SCHUSTER ; Allan I LEVEY ; Lu WANG ; Gabriel CORFAS ; Steven H LIANG
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2025;15(10):5036-5049
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a multifunctional protein involved in diverse cellular functions, notably DNA damage repair. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 has therapeutic benefits for various pathologies. Despite the increased use of PARP inhibitors, challenges persist in achieving PARP1 selectivity and effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The development of a PARP1-specific positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand is crucial for understanding disease biology and performing target occupancy studies, which may aid in the development of PARP1-specific inhibitors. In this study, we leverage the recently identified PARP1 inhibitor, AZD9574, to introduce the design and development of its 18F-isotopologue ([18F]AZD9574). Our comprehensive approach, encompassing pharmacological, cellular, autoradiographic, and in vivo PET imaging evaluations in non-human primates, demonstrates the capacity of [18F]AZD9574 to specifically bind to PARP1 and to successfully penetrate the BBB. These findings position [18F]AZD9574 as a viable molecular imaging tool, poised to facilitate the exploration of pathophysiological changes in PARP1 tissue abundance across various diseases.
7.Sensitivity and Specificity of an All-in-one Cartridge-based Dengue Real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR for Point-of-care Detection and Serotyping of Dengue Virus in Samples from Indonesian Patients
Marsha S. SANTOSO ; Eggi ARGUNI ; Bunga RANA ; Mercy E. ADINIKO ; Dionisius DENIS ; Endah SUPRIYATI ; Citra INDRIANI ; Leily TRIANTY ; Riris Andono AHMAD ; Rintis NOVIYANTI ; R. Tedjo SASMONO
Annals of Laboratory Medicine 2025;45(5):503-508
Background:
Dengue is a systemic, viral, mosquito-borne infection that continues to be a major public health issue in endemic regions in tropical and subtropical climates. Accurate tests for rapid diagnosis in point-of-care settings are important to reduce the fatality rates of severe dengue. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the Standard M10 DENV 1-4 system (SD Biosensor, Gyeonggi, Korea), which is a cartridge-based, automated system that integrates nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) amplification, and detection of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes.
Methods:
This was a retrospective diagnostic evaluation study. The index test, Standard M10 DENV 1-4, was evaluated using 320 dengue-positive and 279 dengue-negative archived samples. The reference tests were a combination of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) DENV 1-4 real-time RT-PCR, dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibody detection, and DENV whole-genome sequencing.
Results:
The overall sensitivity and specificity of Standard M10 DENV 1-4 were 94% and 100%, respectively. By serotype, the highest sensitivity was 100% for DENV-1, and the lowest was 82% for DENV-4. The overall between the CDC RT-PCR dengue serotyping method and the Standard M10 DENV 1-4 was 95%. Standard M10 DENV 1-4 RT-PCR had comparable sensitivity and specificity to CDC DENV RT-PCR.
Conclusions
Based on its commensurate performance to an established RT-PCR method combined with additional benefits of convenient storage and transport, easy use, and rapid processing, the Standard M10 DENV 1-4 system has potential for DENV detection and serotyping in point-of-care settings.
8.Flavonoid Myricetin as Potent Anticancer Agent: A Possibility towards Development of Potential Anticancer Nutraceuticals.
Anchal TRIVEDI ; Adria HASAN ; Rumana AHMAD ; Sahabjada SIDDIQUI ; Aditi SRIVASTAVA ; Aparna MISRA ; Snober S MIR
Chinese journal of integrative medicine 2024;30(1):75-84
Good nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced lifestyle. The beneficial effects of nutrition have been found to counteract nutritional disturbances with the expanded use of nutraceuticals to treat and manage cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other developmental defects over the last decade. Flavonoids are found abundantly in plant-derived foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids can act as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-microbial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal agents. Flavonoids are also reported to upregulate apoptotic activity in several cancers such as hepatic, pancreatic, breast, esophageal, and colon. Myricetin is a flavonol which is naturally present in fruits and vegetables and has shown possible nutraceutical value. Myricetin has been portrayed as a potent nutraceutical that may protect against cancer. The focus of the present review is to present an updated account of studies demonstrating the anticancer potential of myricetin and the molecular mechanisms involved therein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying its anticancer activity would eventually help in its development as a novel anticancer nutraceutical having minimal side effects.
Humans
;
Flavonoids/chemistry*
;
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry*
;
Dietary Supplements
;
Antioxidants/pharmacology*
;
Neoplasms/drug therapy*
9.Knowledge and Awareness of Avulsed Tooth Management Among Dental Surgery Assistants at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Dental Polyclinic (Pengetahuan dan Kesedaran Pengurusan Avulsi Gigi dalam Kalangan Pembantu Pembedahan Pergigian di Poliklinik Pergigian Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM))
S. Nagarajan M. P. Sockalingam ; Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2024;22(No.2):55-56
Tooth avulsion is a dental emergency that needs prompt treatment to minimise complications.
This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of avulsed tooth management among
dental surgery assistants at the UKM Dental Polyclinic. This survey research design of a 19-
item questionnaire was distributed to 59 dental surgery assistants (DSAs). The questionnaire
consisted of demographic profile questions and questions regarding awareness and knowledge
of tooth avulsion and its immediate management. The results showed that 78% of DSAs at the
Institute know about first aid management of avulsed teeth, with the majority being taught
during their training course. Moreover, 96.2% of the DSAs know what tooth avulsion is and
recognise it as a dental emergency. Although 75% of the DSAs have never previously handled
any avulsed tooth case, 50% are confident in advising the public on what to do with an avulsed
tooth at the time of injury. As for the specific management questions of an avulsed tooth, the
responses from the DSAs varied according to the questions, ranging from 50% to 85%. DSAs
at the Institute have varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding tooth avulsion.
Therefore, regular education programmes on dental trauma and its management will help
improve the DSAs’ current knowledge and ability to manage avulsion injuries better in
emergencies.
10.Agmatine ameliorates diabetes type 2-induced nephropathy in rats
Fatemah O. Kamel ; Ohoud Shagroud ; Mai A.Alim A.Sattar Ahmad ; Gamal S Abd Gamal El-Aziz ; Abdulhadi S. Burzangi ; Duaa Bakhshwin ; Maha Jamal ; Shahid Karim
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024;14(1):8-16
Objective: To assess the nephroprotective potential of agmatine in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Methods: A single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) coupled with a fructose diet induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Agmatine (40 and 80 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 12 weeks. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured weekly. Insulin level, urine output, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin-C were also determined at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were evaluated in kidney tissue. Histopathological study was also performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Agmatine at both doses significantly increased final body weight, and lowered fasting blood glucose, urine output, insulin, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin-C levels compared with the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Inflammatory markers and antioxidant effect were significantly improved in agmatine-treated rats. Moreover, the histopathological changes in renal structure were ameliorated by agmatine treatment. Conclusions: Agmatine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by improving renal functions and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The molecular mechanisms of its nephroprotective actions need to be investigated in future study.


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