Background: In the context of Mongolia, identifying and establishing the causes and underlying factors associated with juvenile and adolescent involvement in crime carries substantial practical significance for the early detection of risk factors and the implementation of targeted preventive measures. In 2021, minors accounted for 20.7% of the total 1,053 cases subjected to forensic psychiatric evaluation at the National Center for Mental Health (NCMH). Subsequently, minors constituted 20.4% (n=251) of cases in 2022, 19.6% (n=203) in 2023, 19.4% (n=225) in 2024, and 23.6% (n=318) in 2025. Notably, the proportion observed in 2025 represents a 4.2 percentage point increase compared to the preceding year. Nevertheless, comprehensive empirical data regarding the underlying causes, surrounding conditions, and specific offense types associated with juvenile criminal involvement remain insufficient, thereby establishing the primary rationale for conducting this study. Aim: To investigate the underlying causes, contributing risk factors, and mental health status of juvenile offenders involved in criminal activities. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized, enrolling a total sample of 105 male adolescents aged 15–18 years. This sample comprised 35 residents from a Specialized Training and Educational Institution (juvenile correctional facility) and 70 control students from general secondary schools. Primary data collection was conducted using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for DSM-5 Self-Report (CPSS-5-SR), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Kidcope / Family Life Scale (KFLS), and a specially designed structured questionnaire. Result: The overall mean age of participants was 16.69±0.87 years. Among the institutionalized juvenile offenders, 45.7% had a history of prior criminal involvement; specifically, 45.7% had committed rape and 17.1% had committed theft. Regarding substance use behaviors, 82.9% of the juvenile offenders reported smoking tobacco, 71.4% consumed alcohol, and 20.0% had experimented with other illicit or controlled substances, all of which were markedly higher than the rates observed among general secondary school students. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that adolescent tobacco use, alcohol consumption, paternal alcoholism, and domestic family conflict exerted statistically significant effects on criminal involvement. Furthermore, screen-positive cases for probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were identified in 40.0% of the institutionalized juvenile offenders, compared to 27.5% among the general secondary school students. Conclusion The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and other substance use, alongside adverse family environment influences, is significantly higher among residents of the Specialized Training and Educational Institution compared to general secondary school students. Because juvenile criminal involvement is directly associated with the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, there is an urgent imperative to integrate targeted mental health care services into rehabilitation and protection efforts.

The clinical sign of children’s kidney and urinary tract petrification diseases and the result of eswl Background: A substance exchange disorder where stones form in the kidney or urinary tract with a tendency toward inheritance is called urinary tract petrification disease. In many countries throughout the world, the incidence of urinary tract petrification disease is one to fifteen percent. Urinary tract permeability disease affects 7% of people under the age of 17. Due to the unique nature of the habitat, the incidence of urinary tract petrification disease is higher in India, Thailand, Scandinavian countries, and the Caucasian, Ural, Siberia, and Equator areas. However, the incidence of urinary tract petrification disease spread is two to three percent for children, but the reoccurance risk is 6.5–54 percent. In our country’s case, J. Horloo’s 1993 research indicates that 4.1 to 4.7 percent of kidney and urinary tract patients have urinary tract disease. During urinary tract disease, the common symptoms are abdominal pain, macro- and microhematuria, and kidney and renal bacterial infection. But in younger children, those symptoms are quite grim. In the last 15 years, mongolian’s urine’s oxalate stone’s volume increased by 5 times and mixed stones decreased by 2.5 times. The research of G. Erdenetsetseg’s 1990–1998 study on 305 children and the 2001–2003 study on 161 children indicate that the incidence of urinary tract disease is high between ages 1-3, and 65 percent of the stones consist of calcium oxalate. In 1980, German scientists invented the stone crushing technology using electrohydraulic shockwaves, which turned out to be a beneficial treatment for kidney surgery practice. The National Hospital for Maternal and Child Health's kidney surgery team had 17 surgeries in 2015, 19 surgeries in 2016, 24 surgeries in 2017, and 28 surgeries in 2018, and all of those surgeries were done and treated open. In the last 10 years of our country, children’s urinary tract petrification disease has gradually increased, but research on those diseases risks and factors is lacking. Also, the stone crushing method is necessary for our country’s children's treatment. That’s why we decided to do research on the risk factors of urinary tract disease and its relation to the stone crushing method. Aim: Describe the features of children’s kidney and urinary tract petrification disease and study the stone crushing method’s results. Materials and methods: The study was done between December of 2019 and April of 2022, with the assistance of NCMCH's children's kidney surgery team. Within the parameter of the first objective, within the group of cases of kidney and urinary tract disease, there were 13 children under the age of 17. The research study was conducted cross sectional. The research results were processed by the SPSS 25 program. On the seventh meeting of the health ministry, we got the acceptance of a research patent with the assistance of EHEMUT. Results: The research group consisted of 13 children ages 0–17. The average age of participants was 10.6+-4.2.74. 4 percent of it consisted of men. The research of symptoms showed that back pain n = 13 (100), right side abdominal pain n = 13 (100), disurie n = 3 (23.1), mouth drying n = 2 (15.4), nausea n = 3 (23.1), urine with blood n = 10 (76.9), urine with smell n = 9 (69.2). The position of the stone consisted of 8 (61.5) in the kidney cup, 8 in the kidney cradle. Showing it in which kidney showed that 8 (61.5) were in the right kidney, 3 (23.1) in the left kidney, and 2 (15.4) in both kidneys. The density of the stones was n = 265.8+ 41.9 on average. Kidney stone coming out time was measured by Caplan-Myer’s survivability scale. The stones on the right side of the kidney came out within 14 days on average, while the left and both-sided kidney stones came out within 30 days. Conclusions: 1. Showing the number of stones and locations indicates that 8 (61.5) were in the right kidney, 3 (23.1) in the left kidney, and 2 (15.4) in both kidneys. 2. The results of Caplan-Meyer's scale indicate that kidney stones within the right kidney came out within 14 days, and left- or both-sided stones came out within 30 days.

The microbiologist, who aged 44 man has work with glander DNA extraction between January and March at 2022, was developed sumptoms with fever, headache, muscle pain, weakness, cut throat, cough at 4 March, 2022. On March 7, he had tested Covid-19 and the result was negative. He was given 1gr tefazoline by eight-time interval for two days. Despite completing the therapy, episodes of fever and headache increased. A medical evaluation, which included MRI test was no disorder was developed. On March 12, painful with leg and developed muscle pain. He continued to difficulty to walk and cough, fever and weakness. On March 13, he has admitted hospital with diagnoses pneumonia.
He had continued sign with pneumonia in both lung, fever, infiltration with right leg, cough, headache, and glandule node in hospital. By PCR test, glander DNA was detected in sputum in National Center for Zoonotic Diseases laboratory. He recovered 20 days in hospital.
He has 12 days incubation period and infection route was by worked with glander strain and it was pneumonia form with laboratory-acquired human glanders.
Human glander case is rare in Mongolia. Three human glander cases had registered in 1966, 1972, 1977 among prison’s horse herder in Mongolia.