This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) in the treatment of bone complications in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is a genetic disorder marked by multiple benign tumors of the nervous system and various skeletal abnormalities, such as osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. BPs are drugs that inhibit bone resorption, commonly used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. The review identified multiple studies examining the effects of BP therapy in NF1 patients. Most studies reported improvements in bone mineral density and reduced fracture occurrence. The most commonly reported side effects were mild gastrointestinal symptoms and transient musculoskeletal pain. However, the evidence is limited by the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of patient populations and treatment protocols. In conclusion, BPs show improvements in managing NF1 complications such as osteoporosis and a reduction of fracture risk in NF1 patients. While the existing studies suggest positive outcomes, there is a need for more rigorous, large-scale studies to establish standardized treatment protocols and long-term safety profiles. Healthcare providers should consider BP therapy as a potential option for NF1 patients with significant bone complications, while also monitoring for possible adverse effects.

This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) in the treatment of bone complications in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is a genetic disorder marked by multiple benign tumors of the nervous system and various skeletal abnormalities, such as osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. BPs are drugs that inhibit bone resorption, commonly used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. The review identified multiple studies examining the effects of BP therapy in NF1 patients. Most studies reported improvements in bone mineral density and reduced fracture occurrence. The most commonly reported side effects were mild gastrointestinal symptoms and transient musculoskeletal pain. However, the evidence is limited by the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of patient populations and treatment protocols. In conclusion, BPs show improvements in managing NF1 complications such as osteoporosis and a reduction of fracture risk in NF1 patients. While the existing studies suggest positive outcomes, there is a need for more rigorous, large-scale studies to establish standardized treatment protocols and long-term safety profiles. Healthcare providers should consider BP therapy as a potential option for NF1 patients with significant bone complications, while also monitoring for possible adverse effects.

This review aims to synthesize current knowledge regarding the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) in the treatment of bone complications in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is a genetic disorder marked by multiple benign tumors of the nervous system and various skeletal abnormalities, such as osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. BPs are drugs that inhibit bone resorption, commonly used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. The review identified multiple studies examining the effects of BP therapy in NF1 patients. Most studies reported improvements in bone mineral density and reduced fracture occurrence. The most commonly reported side effects were mild gastrointestinal symptoms and transient musculoskeletal pain. However, the evidence is limited by the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of patient populations and treatment protocols. In conclusion, BPs show improvements in managing NF1 complications such as osteoporosis and a reduction of fracture risk in NF1 patients. While the existing studies suggest positive outcomes, there is a need for more rigorous, large-scale studies to establish standardized treatment protocols and long-term safety profiles. Healthcare providers should consider BP therapy as a potential option for NF1 patients with significant bone complications, while also monitoring for possible adverse effects.

Objective: This study examined bacterial mastitis agents in cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis observed in various dairy cattle farms to reveal their phylogenetic relationships and antibiotic resistance properties. Methods: Sixty-two clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis milk samples were collected from 15 dairy farms. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene regions of the bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from sequencing include the V4–V6 regions. The strains were compared using a similarity analysis method that produced phylogenetic trees using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis 11 program. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Sixty-three bacteria were isolated and identified in this study. The most isolated bacteria from all mastitis cases were Staphylococcus spp. (30.2%), Escherichia coli (25.4%), Streptococcus spp. (14.3%), and Aerococcus spp. (7.9%), respectively. The phylogenetic trees were drawn from the 16S rRNA sequences. Some of these bacteria showed resistance to different types of antibiotics at varying rates. Conclusions and Relevance: The bacteria isolated in this study originated from environmental sources. Regular cleaning of barns and proper hygiene practices are essential.Regular screenings for mastitis should be conducted in herds instead of the random or empirical use of antibiotics.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the content, quality and demographics of YouTube videos about rubber dam as an information source for clinicians and dental students. Materials and Methods: “Rubber dam,” “rubber dam application,” “dental isolation,” “rubber dam isolation,” and “dental dam” were determined as keywords for the detection of YouTube videos related to rubber dam. Seventy 3 videos were evaluated and a total of 34 videos met the inclusion criteria. All selected videos were evaluated according to 8 parameters. The videos were scored 1 if the videos contained information about the selected parameter, but if the videos did not contain enough information, they were scored 0. The data were statistically analyzed with the analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: We found that 41% of the videos have poor, 47% have moderate, and 12% have good information. There is a statistically significant difference in time between poor and good information content (p < 0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the poor and good information in the video information and quality index 1. Conclusions Rubber dam-related videos available on YouTube are generally moderately informed and insufficient. YouTube is currently not sufficient as a source of information for patients and clinicians at the moment. The YouTube platform should be developed and enriched with quality information on current and dental issues.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the scope of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of pregnant women about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Materials and Methods: A total of 886 pregnant women were recruited for the study. A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted on these selected participants. Data about past infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV-2 infection of closely related people, and deaths due to COVID-19 among their relatives were questioned. Results: The rate of vaccination was higher (64.1%) in pregnant women with higher education levels. Informing about the vaccine, especially by health professionals, showed that the rates of vaccination (25%) increased (p<0.001). In addition, a significant increase was observed in vaccination rates with increasing age and financial income (p<0.001). Conclusion The main limitation of our study is that the vaccine, which was approved for “emergency use”, was just started to be administered to pregnant women during the study. Our findings show that our target audience, low-income, low-education, younger pregnant women should be given more attention than those who apply to the doctor for routine follow-up.